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Java_Interview_Questions_Answers

The document provides a comprehensive list of Java basics and OOP concepts, including key features, data types, access modifiers, control structures, and exception handling. It explains important distinctions such as between JDK, JRE, and JVM, as well as concepts like inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. Additionally, it covers miscellaneous topics like constructors, packages, and garbage collection.

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5 views

Java_Interview_Questions_Answers

The document provides a comprehensive list of Java basics and OOP concepts, including key features, data types, access modifiers, control structures, and exception handling. It explains important distinctions such as between JDK, JRE, and JVM, as well as concepts like inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. Additionally, it covers miscellaneous topics like constructors, packages, and garbage collection.

Uploaded by

otppurpose99
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Java Basics and OOPs Interview Questions with Answers

Java Basics

Q: What are the main features of Java?

A: Platform-independent, Object-oriented, Simple, Secure, Robust, Multithreaded, High

Performance, Dynamic.

Q: What is the difference between JDK, JRE, and JVM?

A: - JVM (Java Virtual Machine): Runs Java bytecode.

- JRE (Java Runtime Environment): JVM + libraries to run Java applications.

- JDK (Java Development Kit): JRE + development tools (compiler, debugger).

Q: Explain the Java compilation process.

A: Java source code (.java) is compiled by javac to bytecode (.class), which is executed by the JVM.

Q: What are data types in Java?

A: Java has 8 primitive types: byte, short, int, long, float, double, char, and boolean.

Q: Difference between == and .equals()?

A: == checks reference equality. .equals() checks value/content equality.

Q: What are access modifiers?

A: - private: within the class only

- default: within the same package

- protected: same package + subclasses

- public: accessible everywhere

Q: What is type casting?

A: Converting one data type to another. Example: int x = (int) 3.14;

Q: Difference between Array and ArrayList?

A: - Arrays are fixed-size and can hold primitives.


- ArrayList is resizable but only holds objects.

Q: Use of the final keyword?

A: - Final variable: constant

- Final method: cannot be overridden

- Final class: cannot be extended

Q: Difference between break and continue?

A: - break: exits the loop entirely

- continue: skips current iteration

Control Structures

Q: Syntax of a for loop?

A: for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

System.out.println(i);

Q: How does a switch work?

A: It selects a block to execute based on variable value.

Example:

switch(day) {

case 1: System.out.println("Mon"); break;

default: System.out.println("Invalid");

Q: Difference between while and do-while?

A: - while: checks condition before executing

- do-while: executes at least once

OOPs Concepts

Q: What are the 4 pillars of OOP?


A: - Encapsulation: wrapping data in classes

- Abstraction: hiding details using interfaces/abstract classes

- Inheritance: reusing code via subclassing

- Polymorphism: multiple forms (overloading/overriding)

Q: What is a class and object?

A: Class: blueprint

Object: instance of a class

Q: What is inheritance?

A: Acquiring properties of one class into another using extends.

Q: Overloading vs Overriding?

A: - Overloading: same method name, different parameters (compile time)

- Overriding: same method in subclass (runtime)

Q: Difference between super and this?

A: - super: refers to parent class

- this: refers to current object

Q: What is abstraction?

A: Hiding implementation, showing only functionality. Achieved using abstract class or interface.

Q: What is an interface?

A: A contract with method declarations. All methods are public and abstract by default.

Q: Difference between interface and abstract class?

A: - Interface: all methods abstract, no constructors

- Abstract class: can have method bodies and constructors

Q: Can a class implement multiple interfaces?

A: Yes. Java supports multiple inheritance via interfaces.

Q: What is polymorphism?
A: Ability to take many forms. Example: method overriding.

Q: What is encapsulation?

A: Binding data and code into a single unit (class). Fields are private, access via getters/setters.

Exception Handling

Q: What is exception handling?

A: Mechanism to handle runtime errors using try-catch blocks.

Q: Checked vs Unchecked exceptions?

A: - Checked: checked at compile time (IOException)

- Unchecked: runtime (NullPointerException)

Q: Purpose of try-catch-finally?

A: - try: code that might throw exception

- catch: handles exception

- finally: always executes

Q: Use of throws keyword?

A: Declares exceptions a method might throw.

Miscellaneous

Q: What is a constructor?

A: Special method to initialize objects. Same name as class, no return type.

Q: Can constructors be overloaded?

A: Yes, by changing parameters.

Q: Difference between static and non-static?

A: - Static: belongs to class

- Non-static: belongs to object

Q: What is a package?
A: A namespace that organizes classes and interfaces.

Q: What is garbage collection?

A: Automatic memory management that deletes unused objects.

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