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BIO

The document provides model answers for the VTU BBOC407 Biology for Engineers exam, covering topics such as the heart's function, kidney filtration, photosynthesis vs. photovoltaic cells, eye as a camera system, gas exchange in lungs, and biomimicry in engineering. It also discusses the skeletal system, the lotus leaf effect, self-healing bio-concrete, and blood substitutes. The responses are aligned with the VTU syllabus and suitable for examination writing.

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vijethviju04
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15 views3 pages

BIO

The document provides model answers for the VTU BBOC407 Biology for Engineers exam, covering topics such as the heart's function, kidney filtration, photosynthesis vs. photovoltaic cells, eye as a camera system, gas exchange in lungs, and biomimicry in engineering. It also discusses the skeletal system, the lotus leaf effect, self-healing bio-concrete, and blood substitutes. The responses are aligned with the VTU syllabus and suitable for examination writing.

Uploaded by

vijethviju04
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Here are model answers for the questions from the VTU BBOC407 Biology for Engineers

paper you uploaded. The responses are aligned with the VTU syllabus and suitable for
examination writing.

PART-A

1(a) Heart is an effective pump. Justify.

• The heart functions as a muscular pump that maintains continuous blood


circulation.

• It has four chambers and works through systole and diastole to pump blood
efficiently.

• Its structure, including valves and muscular walls, ensures unidirectional flow.

• Automatic electrical signals (SA and AV nodes) regulate pumping.

• It adjusts rate and strength based on body needs (exercise, rest, etc.).

1(b) Write a short note on the mechanism of filtration in kidneys.

• Filtration occurs in the nephrons of kidneys.

• Glomerular filtration is the first step, occurring in Bowman's capsule.

• Blood pressure forces water, salts, and small molecules through the glomerulus.

• Large molecules like proteins are retained.

• It forms the glomerular filtrate, which undergoes reabsorption and secretion.

1(c) Compare the process of photosynthesis to the functioning of Photovoltaic cells.

Feature Photosynthesis Photovoltaic Cells

Source Sunlight Sunlight

Input CO₂ + H₂O Electrons in semiconductor

Output Glucose + O₂ Electricity

Site Chloroplast Solar panel

Mechanism Light-dependent reactions Electron movement

2(a) Justify Eye as a Camera system.


• The eye and camera both capture images.

• Cornea and lens focus light like camera lenses.

• Retina acts as film/sensor to capture the image.

• Iris regulates light like a camera’s aperture.

• The optic nerve sends image data to the brain, like camera cables transferring data.

2(b) Write a short note on Gas exchange mechanism in Lungs.

• Occurs in alveoli, tiny sacs in lungs.

• Oxygen diffuses into blood; carbon dioxide diffuses out.

• Depends on concentration gradients and thin membranes.

• Involves pulmonary capillaries and hemoglobin binding.

2(c) Structure and design of the Kingfisher’s beak led to the design of Bullet trains. Justify.

• Kingfisher’s beak allows silent, splash-free diving.

• Inspired engineers to design bullet train noses to reduce noise and air resistance.

• Resulted in faster, quieter, and energy-efficient trains.

• Example of biomimicry in engineering.

PART-B

3(a) Structure and function of the Skeletal system in humans.

• Made up of 206 bones, joints, and cartilage.

• Functions:

o Support body structure.

o Protection (e.g., skull protects brain).

o Movement with muscles.

o Blood cell production (in marrow).

o Mineral storage (e.g., calcium).

3(b) Write a note on Lotus leaf effect (Self-cleaning surfaces).

• Lotus leaves have micro- and nano-structured surfaces that repel water.

• Superhydrophobic – water rolls off, taking dirt with it.


• Used in self-cleaning paints, windows, and textiles.

• Inspired biomimetic surface design.

3(c) Write a note on Self-healing Bio-concrete.

• Contains bacteria (e.g., Bacillus) and nutrients.

• When cracks appear, bacteria activate in presence of water, producing calcium


carbonate.

• Seals cracks autonomously.

• Increases durability and lifespan of concrete structures.

3(d) Various Blood substitutes.

• Used when real blood is unavailable.

• Types:

o Hemoglobin-based Oxygen Carriers (HBOCs).

o Perfluorocarbon-based substitutes (PFCs).

• Advantages:

o Long shelf life, no blood-type matching, reduces infection risks.

• Used in emergencies, military, and remote locations.

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