BUDDHA SERIES

(Unit Wise Solved Questions and Answers)

Course-B.Tech.(CS)

College - Buddha Institute of Technology

(AKTU Code-525)

Department of Computer Science

Subject- Python Programming (BCC402)

Faculty Name-Mr.Shashank Kumar Srivastav

Unit- 1
1. Explain the Programming Cycle for Python in detail. (AKTU 2022-23)

Ans- The programming cycle, also known as the software development life cycle (SDLC), refers
to the process of creating, maintaining, and improving software applications. The cycle typically
involves several phases, each with its own set of activities and goals. Here's a detailed
explanation of the programming cycle for Python:
Requirement Analysis: This phase involves understanding the requirements of the software
project. Developers need to gather information about what the software should do, what features
it should have, and what problem it should solve. This phase often involves discussions with
stakeholders, such as clients or end-users, to clarify their needs and expectations.
Design: In this phase, developers create a high-level design of the software based on the
requirements gathered in the previous phase. They determine the overall architecture of the
system, including the structure of the code, the relationships between different components, and
the data flow within the application. For Python projects, this may involve designing classes,
modules, and functions, as well as deciding on the overall program structure.
Implementation: This is the phase where developers write the actual code for the software based
on the design specifications. In Python, developers use an integrated development environment
(IDE) or text editor to write Python code. They follow best practices such as writing clean,
readable, and maintainable code, using appropriate naming conventions, and documenting their
code as needed. This phase also includes tasks such as testing and debugging to ensure that the
code behaves as expected.
Testing: Testing is a crucial phase in the programming cycle where developers verify that the
software meets the specified requirements and functions correctly. In Python, testing can involve
unit testing, where individual units of code are tested in isolation, as well as integration testing,
where multiple units are tested together to ensure they work together as expected. Developers
use testing frameworks such as pytest or unittest to automate the testing process and ensure
thorough test coverage.
Deployment: Once the software has been thoroughly tested and deemed ready for release, it is
deployed to the production environment where end-users can access and use it. Deployment may
involve tasks such as packaging the Python code into distributable packages, configuring servers
and databases, and setting up monitoring and logging systems to track the performance of the
software in production.
Maintenance and Updates: After deployment, the software enters the maintenance phase where
developers monitor its performance, address any issues or bugs that arise, and make updates or
enhancements as needed. This phase involves ongoing collaboration with stakeholders to gather
feedback and prioritize new features or improvements. Developers use version control systems
such as Git to manage changes to the codebase and ensure that updates are tracked and
documented properly.

Throughout the programming cycle, communication and collaboration among team members are
essential to ensure that the software meets the needs of stakeholders and is delivered on time and
within budget. Additionally, following best practices such as using design patterns, adhering to
coding standards, and conducting code reviews can help ensure the quality and maintainability of
the software over time.
2. Define floor division with an example. (AKTU 22-23)

Ans- Floor division is a mathematical operation that divides two numbers and returns the largest
integer that is less than or equal to the quotient. In Python, floor division is denoted by the //
operator.
Let's say we want to divide 17 by 5 using floor division.
result = 17 // 5
print(result)
The result of this operation would be 3, because 17 divided by 5 equals 3.4, but floor division
returns the largest integer that is less than or equal to the quotient, which is 3.
result = 29 // 10
print(result)
In this case, the result would be 2, because 29 divided by 10 equals 2.9, and floor division returns
the largest integer that is less than or equal to the quotient, which is 2.

3. What do you mean by Python IDE? Explain in detail. (AKTU 21-22)

Ans- IDE stands for Integrated Development Environment. A Python IDE is a software
application that provides comprehensive facilities to programmers for software development
using Python as the programming language. It typically includes features such as code editing,
syntax highlighting, code debugging, project management, version control integration, and more,
all within a single interface.
Let's break down the key components and features of a typical Python IDE:
Code Editor: The central feature of any IDE is its code editor, where programmers write, edit,
and manage their Python code. The code editor usually includes features such as syntax
highlighting, auto-indentation, code completion, and smart indentation.
Syntax Highlighting: This feature colors different elements of the code in different ways to
improve readability and make it easier to spot errors. For example, keywords, strings, comments,
and variables might each be displayed in a different color.
Code Debugging: Most Python IDEs provide debugging tools to help programmers identify and
fix errors (bugs) in their code. These tools typically include features such as breakpoints,
stepping through code line by line, inspecting variable values, and watching expressions.

Project Management: IDEs often provide tools for managing projects, which can include
creating, opening, and organizing files and folders within a project structure. This helps
programmers keep their code organized and facilitates collaboration among team members.
Version Control Integration: Many modern IDEs offer integration with version control systems
such as Git, allowing programmers to manage their code repositories directly from within the
IDE. This includes features such as committing changes, pulling and pushing code, viewing
commit history, and resolving merge conflicts.
Code Formatting: IDEs often include tools for automatically formatting code according to
predefined style guidelines. This helps ensure consistent coding practices across a project and
makes the code easier to read and maintain.
Code Profiling: Some IDEs provide tools for code profiling, which allows programmers to
analyze the performance of their code and identify bottlenecks or areas for optimization.
Integrated Terminal: Many IDEs include an integrated terminal, allowing programmers to
execute Python scripts, run commands, and interact with the system directly from within the
IDE.
Examples of popular Python IDEs include:
PyCharm: Developed by JetBrains, PyCharm is a powerful IDE known for its rich feature set,
code analysis capabilities, and extensive plugin ecosystem.
Visual Studio Code (VS Code): Although it's not exclusively a Python IDE, VS Code has
become a popular choice among Python developers due to its lightweight yet feature-rich nature,
extensive plugin ecosystem, and strong community support.
Spyder: Spyder is an open-source IDE designed specifically for scientific computing and data
analysis in Python. It includes features such as an interactive console, variable explorer, and
integrated plotting tools.
IDLE: IDLE (Integrated Development and Learning Environment) is Python's built-in IDE,
which comes bundled with the standard Python distribution. While it lacks some of the advanced
features found in other IDEs, it provides a simple and lightweight environment for beginners and
casual users.

4. Discuss why Python is called as dynamic and strongly typed language? (AKTU 21-22)

Ans- Python is often described as a dynamic and strongly typed language due to its particular
characteristics regarding variable types and behavior during runtime. Let's break down what
these terms mean and why they apply to Python:
Dynamic Typing:
Dynamic Typing: In Python, variables are not explicitly declared with a data type. Instead, the
type of a variable is determined at runtime based on the value assigned to it. This means that a
variable can hold different types of data at different points in the program's execution.
Example: You can assign an integer to a variable x at one point and then reassign a string to the
same variable x later in the program without any issues.
x = 10 # x is an integer
x = "Hello" # Now x is a string
Strong Typing:
Strong Typing: In Python, the interpreter enforces strict type checking, which means that
operations between different data types are not implicitly allowed. When performing operations,
Python ensures that the types of operands are compatible.
Example: You cannot directly add a string and an integer without explicitly converting one of
them.
python
Copy code
x = 10
y = "20"
z = x + y # This will raise a TypeError
In this example, x is an integer, and y is a string. Python doesn't allow adding an integer and a
string directly without explicit conversion.
Python's combination of dynamic typing and strong typing offers a balance between flexibility
and safety:
Flexibility: Dynamic typing allows for more flexibility in coding because variables can hold
values of different types at different times, enabling rapid development and prototyping.
Safety: Strong typing ensures that operations between incompatible types are caught during
runtime, preventing potential errors and making the code more robust and reliable.
Overall, Python's dynamic and strongly typed nature contributes to its ease of use, readability,
and suitability for a wide range of applications, from scripting to large-scale software
development.

5. What do you mean by operator precedence and associativity. Explain. (AKTU 21-22)

Ans- In programming languages, especially in expressions involving multiple operators, the

order in which operations are performed is determined by two fundamental concepts: operator
precedence and associativity.
Operator Precedence:
Operator precedence defines the order in which different operators are evaluated in an
expression. It dictates which operation takes precedence over others when an expression contains
multiple operators. For example, in the expression 3 + 4 * 2, multiplication (*) takes precedence
over addition (+), so 4 * 2 is evaluated first, resulting in 8, and then 3 + 8 is evaluated, resulting
in 11.
Different operators have different precedence levels. For example, in most programming
languages, multiplication and division have higher precedence than addition and subtraction.

Therefore, expressions involving multiplication and division are evaluated before addition and
subtraction.
Here's an example of operator precedence in action:
result = 5 + 3 * 2 # Multiplication (*) has higher precedence than addition (+)
print(result) # Output: 11
Associativity:
Associativity determines the order in which operators of the same precedence are evaluated
when they appear consecutively in an expression. In other words, it specifies the direction in
which operations are performed. Operators can be either left-associative or right-associative.
Left-associative: Operators with left-associativity are evaluated from left to right. For example,
in the expression 5 - 3 - 1, the subtraction operation is left-associative, so 5 - 3 is evaluated first,
resulting in 2, and then 2 - 1 is evaluated, resulting in 1.
Right-associative: Operators with right-associativity are evaluated from right to left. However,
right-associative operators are less common in programming languages compared to left-
associative ones.
Here's an example of left-associativity:
result = 5 - 3 - 1 # Subtraction (-) is left-associative
print(result) # Output: 1
In summary, operator precedence and associativity are essential concepts in understanding how
expressions are evaluated in programming languages. They define the rules for determining the
order of operations and ensure that expressions are evaluated correctly and consistently
according to mathematical conventions.
6. Explain the role of precedence with an example (AKTU 20-21)

Ans- Operator precedence determines the order in which operators are evaluated within an
expression. It ensures that expressions are evaluated according to mathematical rules, such as
performing multiplication before addition. Let's illustrate the role of precedence with an
example:
Consider the expression:
result = 5 + 3 * 2
Here, we have two operators: addition (+) and multiplication (*). According to the precedence
rules:
Multiplication has higher precedence than addition.
Operators with higher precedence are evaluated first.
So, in this expression:

3 * 2 is evaluated first because multiplication has higher precedence than addition. This results in
6.
Then, 5 + 6 is evaluated. The addition operation results in 11.
Therefore, the value of result is 11.
Let's see another example:
result = 10 - 3 // 2
In this expression, we have subtraction (-) and floor division (//) operators. According to
precedence rules:
Floor division has higher precedence than subtraction.
Operators with higher precedence are evaluated first.
So, in this expression:
3 // 2 is evaluated first because floor division has higher precedence than subtraction. This results
in 1.
Then, 10 - 1 is evaluated. The subtraction operation results in 9.
Therefore, the value of result is 9.
Understanding operator precedence is crucial for writing correct expressions and ensuring that
computations are performed in the intended order. It helps in avoiding errors and producing
accurate results in mathematical operations within programming.

7. Explain why python is considered an interpreted language? (AKTU 20-21)

Ans- Python is considered an interpreted language primarily because it does not need to be
compiled before execution. Instead, Python code is executed line by line by an interpreter, which
translates each line of code into machine-readable bytecode and executes it immediately. Let's
delve into some reasons why Python is considered an interpreted language:
No Separate Compilation Step: In languages like C or C++, you typically write code in a text
editor, then compile it into machine-readable binary code before executing. Python eliminates
this separate compilation step. You write Python code in a text file, and then the interpreter
executes it directly without the need for explicit compilation. This makes the development
process more straightforward and immediate.
Dynamic Typing: Python's dynamic typing system allows variables to be declared without
specifying their data type explicitly. This is possible because the interpreter determines the type
of each variable during runtime, as opposed to compile-time checking in statically typed
languages. This dynamic typing capability is more aligned with interpretation rather than
compilation.
Ease of Debugging: In interpreted languages like Python, error messages usually refer to specific
lines of code in the source file. This makes debugging easier because you can quickly identify
the location of errors. In contrast, in compiled languages, errors are often reported in terms of
machine code instructions or memory addresses, which can be more challenging to interpret.
Interactive Shell: Python's interactive shell, also known as the Python REPL (Read-Eval-Print
Loop), allows users to execute Python code interactively, line by line. This interactive mode
further supports the notion of interpretation, as each line is executed immediately after it's
entered, without the need for compilation.
Platform Independence: Since Python code is executed by the interpreter, Python programs can
be run on any platform that has a compatible Python interpreter installed, without the need for
recompilation. This platform independence is a characteristic commonly associated with
interpreted languages.
Bytecode Compilation: Although Python code is interpreted, it is not directly executed by the
interpreter. Instead, the Python interpreter first converts the source code into intermediate
bytecode, which is then executed by the Python Virtual Machine (PVM). This bytecode
compilation step enhances performance compared to interpreting the source code directly, but it
still maintains the interpreted nature of Python.
Overall, Python's interpreted nature contributes to its flexibility, ease of use, and rapid
development cycle, making it a popular choice for a wide range of applications, including web
development, scientific computing, data analysis, and more.

8. Mention five benefits of using python. (AKTU 19-20)

Ans- Using Python offers numerous benefits across various domains. Here are five key
advantages of using Python:
Readability and Simplicity: Python emphasizes readability and simplicity, making it an excellent
choice for beginners and experienced programmers alike. Its clean and straightforward syntax
allows developers to express concepts in fewer lines of code compared to other languages. This
readability not only enhances code comprehension but also reduces the time spent debugging and
maintaining codebases.
Versatility and Flexibility: Python is a versatile language with a vast ecosystem of libraries and
frameworks, enabling developers to tackle a wide range of tasks efficiently. Whether you're
working on web development, data analysis, machine learning, artificial intelligence, scientific
computing, automation, or scripting, Python offers powerful tools and resources to get the job
done.
Strong Community and Support: Python has a large and active community of developers,
educators, and enthusiasts who contribute to its growth and evolution. This vibrant community
provides extensive documentation, tutorials, forums, and open-source libraries, fostering
collaboration and knowledge sharing. Whether you're a novice or an expert, you can easily find
support, resources, and mentorship within the Python community.
Cross-Platform Compatibility: Python is platform-independent, meaning that Python code can
run on various operating systems, including Windows, macOS, Linux, and others, without
modification. This cross-platform compatibility makes Python an excellent choice for developing
applications that need to run seamlessly across different environments, increasing the reach and
accessibility of your software.
Rich Ecosystem of Libraries and Frameworks: Python boasts a rich ecosystem of third-party
libraries and frameworks that extend its capabilities and simplify development. Libraries like
NumPy, pandas, Matplotlib, and SciPy are widely used for scientific computing and data
analysis, while frameworks like Django and Flask are popular choices for web development.
Additionally, Python's extensive support for machine learning and artificial intelligence through
libraries like TensorFlow, PyTorch, and scikit-learn makes it a top choice for building intelligent
applications.
These benefits, combined with Python's ease of learning, scalability, and performance, make it a
versatile and powerful language for addressing a wide range of challenges in today's software
development landscape.

9. What type of language is python? (AKTU 19-20)

Ans- Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language. Here's a breakdown of

what each of these terms means in the context of Python:
High-level: Python is considered a high-level programming language, which means that it
provides abstractions that allow you to focus on the logic of your program rather than the details
of the underlying hardware. High-level languages typically have features like automatic memory
management, dynamic typing, and a rich standard library, which make them easier to learn and
use compared to low-level languages like assembly language or machine code.
General-purpose: Python is a general-purpose programming language, meaning that it is
designed to be used for a wide range of applications and domains. Whether you're building web
applications, desktop GUIs, scientific simulations, data analysis tools, artificial intelligence
algorithms, or automation scripts, Python provides the tools and libraries necessary to tackle
these tasks efficiently.
In summary, Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language that prioritizes
simplicity, readability, and versatility. Its ease of use, extensive ecosystem of libraries, and cross-
platform compatibility make it a popular choice for developers across various industries and skill
levels.