GSTS FINALS REVIEWER

WHEN TECHNOLOGY AND HUMANITY CROSS • The fastest-growing application Market in Southeast
Asia
• Technology came from the Greek words “techne”
meaning art and logos meaning word ROLES OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS
• Technology means a discourse on arts
A. Televisions
• 17th century – concept of applied arts
– Used for advertisements and information
• Technology progressed – concept of machines
dissemination
and tools
– Serves as a recreational activity
• Anything too much is bad
– Platform for different propaganda and advocacies

TELEVISION SETS, PHONES, COMPUTERS, AND B. Mobile Phones

HUMANITY – Used for communication
– To surf the internet and to take pictures
• According to Kantar Media – 92% of urban
homes and 70% of rural homes own at least one C. Personal Computers and Laptops
television set – Used for jobs for its wide keyboard and wider
• Television remains to be the ultimate medium for
advertisement placements
• Current count of households with television set: ETHICAL DILEMMAS
15 million 1. Make their children lazy and unhealthy
2. Skip meals and lack exercise or any bodily
A. TELEVISION movements
3. Unaware of the time
• Paul Gottlieb Nipkow (late 1800s) – german
4. Exposure to unnecessary contents
students who discovered the Electric telescope
5. Easily get mad, annoyed or irritated
• Alan Archibald Campbell Swinton and Boris
6. Alienation
Rosing (1907) - an English and Russian scientist
who created a new system of television using a
ROBOTS AND HUMANITY
cathode ray tube
• An actuated mechanism programmable in two or
more axes with a degree of autonomy, moving within
B. PHONES
its environment, to perform intended tasks
• 2010 - Sy novate declared 67% product
• International Federation of Robotics (IFR)
ownership
• United Nations Economic Commission for
• Martin Cooper
Europe (UNECE)
o 1973 – A senior engineer at Motorola, made
the world’s first mobile phone call
▪ 30-minute talk time ROBOTS
▪ 10 hours to charge • An actuated mechanism programmable in two or
o 1983 – Motorola made the Motorola more axes with a degree of autonomy, moving
DynaTAC 8000X within its environment, to perform intended tasks
• Egyptians – The earliest conception of robots
C. COMPUTERS AND LAPTOPS (water clocks)
• Charles Babbage • George Devol (early 1950’s) – “Unimate” was his
o A 19th - century English Mathematics first invention from the words “Universal
professor who designed the analytical Automation”
engine which was used as the basic
framework of computers KINDS OF ROBOTS
o April 1981 – First true portable computer 1) Service Robot
called Osborne 1 was released • Performs useful tasks for humans or
equipment excluding industrial automation
FILIPINOS AND THEIR GADGETS application
• Mobile phone subscription is at 119 million 2) Personal Service Robot
• Filipinos spend approximately 3.2 hours on mobile • Used for noncommercial task, usually by
and 5.2 hours on desktop daily laypersons
• The Philippines has one of the highest digital • Example: Domestic servant robot, automated,
populations in the world Wheelchair, etc.
• There are now 47 million active Facebook
accounts 3) Professional Service Robot

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• Used for a commercial task, usually operated Law Murphy’s Law – “Anything that can go
by a properly trained operator wrong, Will go wrong”
• Example: Delivery robot, cleaning robots, • Joy’s arguments against 21st-century
firefighting robots, etc. technologies have received both criticisms and
expressions of shared concern

ROLES OF ROBOTICS
1. Ease the workload of mankind 3.) Ralph Nader
2. Make life more efficient and less stressful • One of those who commented on Joy’s article “Joy
3. Perform complicated activities that human being was writing something out of control, Self-
is incapable of doing replicating technologies that, once the stuff of
4. Made for pleasure science fiction were now on the way in Decades if
5. Serve as toys not years.”
• 70% of the volume of stock trading in the U.S. Is
LAWS OF ROBOTS now driven by computers and their algorithms
Isaac Asimov (1940) – formulated these laws when he
was thinking of the ethical consequences of robots 4.) Stephen Hawking
• Warned that “the development of full Artificial
• Law 1: A robot may not injure a human being or, intelligence could spell the end of the human race. It
through Inaction, allow a human being to come to would take off on its own, And re-design itself at an
harm ever-increasing rate.
• Law 2: A robot must obey the orders given to it by
human beings except where such orders would
conflict with the First Law Why The Future Need Us?
• Law 3: A robot must protect its own existence as • Humans possess unique abilities such as creativity,
long as such protection does not conflict with the empathy, and critical thinking that are crucial for
First or Second Law solving complex problems, innovating, and shaping
a better world

ETHICAL DILEMMAS BY ROBOTICS

1) Safety THE INFORMATION AGE
• Who should be held accountable if someone’s
safety is compromised by a Robot? Johannes Gutenberg - German blacksmith and publisher
• Who should be blamed if such thing happens? who introduced “movable type printing” in Europe
2) Emotional Component
• It is not completely impossible for robots to • Gutenberg Era
develop emotions - Distribution of Information become possible
- Massive distribution of information in an expensive
• “What if robots become emotional?”
manner; only riches have the access to information
• “Should they be granted robot rights?”
• “Should they have their own set of rights to be
• The Pre-Gutenberg World
upheld, respected, and Protected by
- books were written and produced manually by
humans?
hand, Transcribed through clay, papyrus, wax and
parchment
- 1440 – The first printing press was built
WHY DOES THE FUTURE NOT NEED US? o Books or other reading materials were
restricted only to the “elite Group of
1.) William Nelson Joy (Bill Joy) people
• an American computer scientist and chief scientist
of Sun Microsystems who published an article • The Gutenberg Revolution
called “Why the Future Doesn’t Need Us” in - A term used to express the democratizing effects
April 2000 of the invention of the Printing press among
• “Robotics, genetic engineering, and society
nanotechnology are threatening to make humans
an endangered species. Incunabula (meaning cradle or birthplace)
– Term used for books
2.) Theodore Kaczynski – Scientific, geographic, and medical books Were
• Unabomber Manifesto argued that technology’s published
Unintended consequences are linked to Murphy’s – Opened the door to exceptional mass
communications

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- Hurley registered the logo and domain of Youtube
• The Post-Gutenberg World in February 2005
- The emergence of the internet and the world - An online video sharing platform
wide web
- 1920 – Radio broadcasting was introduced 7. Twitter (2006)
- 1970’s – Introduction to the Internet - Created by Jack Dorsey, Evan Williams, Biz
Stone, and Noah Glass
Internet changed 2 major expansions: - Networking website where people interact with
1. Uploading and downloading of different forms of tweets
media, such as image, videos and audios - One of the visited websites
2. Spreading and publishing of information - Described as the SMS of the internet
- In 2023, it was bought by Elon Musk
SOCIA MEDIAS - Limited only to 140 characters per post
1. Internet (late 1960)
- Developed in California, USA by Vinton Cerf and 8. Messenger (2008)
Robert Kahn - 2008: Facebook chat
- Initially used by scientists to communicate with - 2010: changed its messaging service
other scientists - An instant messaging service and software
- First problem: Speed (out of control of information) application (messages, voice calls or video calls)
- Intel – A company that developed faster
microprocessor 9. Instagram (2010)
- Printing press was not used due to the emergence - Created by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger
of social media - Was initially a fun photography application
- Now a social networking website
2. Electron Mail or Email (1978)
• Invented by Shiva Ayyadurai (14 y/o), an Indian-
born American scientist and entrepreneur SOCIA MEDIA AND ITS IMPACT TO THE SOCIETY
• 1982 – The copyright for the term E-mail
a. Singh (April 15, 2025)
• Messages are exchanged between People from
- among the eight billion people around the world,
different locations at a faster rate
63.9% uses online social media
• The invention is sometimes credited to Ray
- Average time spent of 2 hours
Tomlinson
- Conclusion: social media has become a form of
escape from life, and serves as an avenue for
3. World Wide Web or WWW (1990)
collaboration and reviewing of information and
- Invented by Tim Berners-Lee, a British computer
opinions
scientist
- Initially for commercial purposes
- Promotes and sell companies products (initially a
shopping app) b. Mark Schaefer (2011)
- An author, blogger and Social Media Marketing
4. Google (1996) consultant who summarized how the world has
- Developed by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, PhD changed because of social media
students at Stanford University 1) It made the society less individualistic and
- In 1997, google.com was registered traditional groups more reinforced
- The most used search engine in the world (rival: 2) Online equality is different from offline equality
yahoo) 3) Served as their online “homes”
4) Gender Relations has been profoundly affected by
5. Facebook (2004) social media
- Founded by Mark Elliot Zuckerberg and
colleagues
- first limited to Harvard students before becoming
global
- a social networking website where people could
meet online, building relationships

6. Youtube (2005)
- Created by Chard Hurley, Steve Chen, and
BIODIVERSITY
Jawed Karim

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- Variety of life on earth and the natural patterns it - Zoonotic diseases: infections that can spread
forms from animals to humans
- Provides us food, clean water, medicine, and
shelter 3. Biodiversity benefits business
- Essential for the processes that support all life on - More than half of the world’s GDP ($44 trillion) is
earth, including humans highly dependent on nature Global sales of
pharmaceuticals – $75 billion a year
- World Economic Forum (WEF)
ECOSYSTEM
- A geographic area where plants, animals, and 4. Biodiversity provides livelihoods
other organisms as well as the weather and - Humans derive approximately $125 trillion of value
landscapes, work/interact together to form a bubble from natural ecosystems each year
of life - ¾ of jobs came from marine
a. BIOTIC FACTORS
- Plants, animals, and other living organisms 5. Biodiversity protects us
- Biodiverse ecosystems provide nature-based
b. ABIOTIC FACTORS solutions that buffer us from natural disasters
- Rocks, temperature and humidity

BIODIVERSITY AT RISK
LEVEL OF BIODIVERSITY
Mass extinction
1. Genetic Biodiversity - The extinction of many species in a relatively short
- Variation in the DNA sequence in each of our period of time
genome
- Genes are segments of DNA which dictate the Current Extinctions (6th Mass Extinction)
traits or characteristic of an organism - The rate of extinctions is estimated to have
- Example: genetic variation increased by a multiple of 50 since 1800, with up to
25% of all species on Earth becoming extinct
2. Species Diversity between 1800 and 2100
- The measure of biological diversity observed in a - Earth has experienced 5 mass extinction due to
particular community indicates several species natural disasters
- Species richness: The extent of species diversity in - By 2050, half of the population will be extinct
different areas
- About 1.5 million species are known but new
species are added every day HOW DO HUMANS CAUSE EXTINCTIONS?
1. Destruction of Habitats
3. Ecosystem Diversity - We use more land to build homes and harvest
- Variety of different habitats, communities, and resources
ecological processes - Habitat loss causes almost 75% of the extinctions
- Examples: Forests, grasslands, mangroves, - Example: Illegal logging, deforestations. Pollution,
freshwater, marine exploitation
Most diversed species: insects
2. Alterations in Ecosystem Composition
- Alteration in ecosystems is a critical factor
contributing to species and habitat loss
WHY BIODIVERSITY MATTERS - Example: Aetas being forced to relocate, milkfish
1. Biodiversity ensures health and food security introduced in a primitive environment
- Provide us with fruits, vegetables, and animal
products essential to a healthy, balanced diet 3. Overexploitation
- - Over-hunting, over-fishing, or over-collecting of
2. Biodiversity helps fight diseases species
- 25% of drugs are derived from rainforest plants
- 60% of cancer drugs are from nature
- 70% of emerging infectious diseases originate from
wildlife
- 60% of infectious disease originate from animals; 4. Pollution and Contamination
due to deforestation and urbanization (relocation of - A condition in which there is an unnatural increase
animals near human civilization) in the concentrations of naturally occurring
environmental compounds

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- Causes irreversible damage (producing
environment compounds like nitrogen oxide and 5. Arctic Apple
carbon dioxide) - Genetically modified plants to resist natural
discoloration (browning of apple)
5. Global Climate Change
- Causes biodiversity loss 6. Aquadvatage Salmon
- Species and populations may be lost permanently - A gene from an eel-like fish was introduced to
if they are not provided with enough time to adapt pacific Chinook salmon, making the salmon grow
to changing climatic conditions faster
- Increased growth rate that leads to higher yield of
growth
IMPORTANCE OF BIODIVERSITY

- Biological diversity is the "infrastructure" that RISKS OF GMOs

supports life on our planet: the air we breathe, the
food we eat, and the water we drink are only
1. Ecosystem risks
- Can become invasive species if uncontrolled and
possible as long as we have a healthy biodiversity
unregulated

2. Genetic Contamination or Interbreeding

GMO: SCIENCE, HEALTH, AND POLITICS
- May interbreed with wild types which can cause the
GMO loss of the trait in the succeeding generations,
- Adding and replacing genes to alter one’s rendering the GMO inefficient later
characteristics - Offspring may or may not adapt parent’s trait
- WHO: An organism in which the genetic material
(DNA) has been altered in a what that does not 3. Adverse effects on Health
occur naturally by mating or natural recombination - May cause toxicity to humans, allergic reactions,
- “Genetic engineering and other unintended effects

4. Social Acceptance
USED AND EXAMPLES OF GMOs - May be rendered useless if there is lack of
1. Golden Rice Biofortification acceptance by their target consumers
- The process of adding nutrients or minerals to a
food source 5. Economic Issues and Access
- Adding beta-carotene (from squash, carrots and - Might not be accessible to many. Huge investments
orange vegetables and fruits) are needed to develop GMOS
- Golden rice can be used to address Vitamin-A
micronutrient deficiency and malnutrition 6. Animal Welfare
- Animal welfare issues are raised in the production
2. Genetically Modified Pig of GMOs
- Xenotransplantation–Process of using animal
organs, tissues and cells for human needs
- aims to address the lack of organs for organ
CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE ENERGY CRISIS
transplant needs
CLIMATE CHANGE
3. GloFish - Change in global patterns which is attributed
- A genetically modified zebrafish largely to the increased level of atmospheric CO2
- Modified to become bioluminescent or be able to by the use of fossil fuels
produce light
- initially developed to detect pollutant in deep water
- Used now as pets GLOBAL WARMING
- The rise in average surface temperatures of earth
- Main cause: Human expansion of the “greenhouse
effect
4. Bt Corn (transgenic corn)
- A corn that has been modified to produce the
insecticidal proteins EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
- Bt is a bacterium that naturally produces crystal-
like proteins that resist pest 1. Economic Impact

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- Loss of productivity, increased healthcare costs,
and reduced economic growth
- Floods, earthquake, storms

2. Geopolitical Impact
- Conflicts over resources such as water, land, and
minerals– Increases the risk of displacement and
migration, leading to social and political tensions

3. Biological Impact
- Species extinction, shifts in species distribution,
and disruption of ecosystems
- Attached picture: last northern white rhino (2018) in
SUDAN

4. Meteorological Impact
- Weather patterns and extreme weather events are
becoming more commo

ENERGY CRISIS
- A society-wide economic problem caused by a
constricted supply of energy, leading to diminished
availability and increased price to consumers
- Higher population yields to higher energy crisis
- Population: the largest emitter of greenhouse
gases into the atmosphere

WHAT HUMANS CAN DO

1. Conserve in the Car- Do several errands in a
single trip, walk or bike, support public
transportation
2. Conserve Electricity- Get in the habit of turning
lights and appliances off
3. Reduce waste- Recycle and buy recycled
products, reuse, repair, or donate, carry cloth
bags when shopping

ENVIRONMENTALISM
- An ideology that evokes the responsibility of
humans to respect, protect, and preserve the
natural world from its anthropogenic afflictions
- Science – Climate research helps understand the
causes and impacts of global warming
- Technology– Innovations in renewable energy
(solar, wind, hydro) reduce dependence on fossil
fuels
- Society – Public awareness and education
encourage sustainable behaviors

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