AXISEDUCATION  QF-2


Institute for O/A levels Teacher: Shakib Ahmed Subject: Further Pure Maths
b c
If  and  are the roots of the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 then, sum of the roots is  +  = −
and product of the roots is  =
a a
The quadratic equation is x − sx + p = 0 where s = sum of the new roots, and p = product of the new roots.
2

 2 +  2 = ( +  ) − 2 ( −  ) = ( +  ) − 4  − = ( +  ) − 4

2 2 2 2

 2 −  2 = ( +  ) ( +  ) − 4  3 +  3 = ( +  ) ( +  ) − 3   3 −  3 =  ( +  ) − 4  ( +  ) −  

2 2 2 2

    

 4 −  4 = ( 2 +  2 )( 2 −  2 ) = ( +  ) − 2  ( +  ) ( +  ) − 4 

2
 4 +  4 = ( +  ) − 2  − 2 ( )
2 2 2 2

    

1. Given that the roots of the equation 9 x 2 + bx + 4 = 0 are  and 4  and that b>0, find the value of b.
2. Given that the roots of the equation 3x 2 + px + 4 = 0 are  and 3  , find the two possible values of p.
3. Given that one root of the equation 4 x 2 − 24 x + p = 0 is three times the other, find the value of p.
4.Given that the roots of the equation 5x 2 − 18 x + p = 0 are  and 5  , find the value of p.
5. f(x)  4 x2 + kx − 2k , where k is a negative constant. Given that one root of the equation f(x) = 0 is double the other
root, find the value of k.
6. f(x)  3x2 + kx + 100 , where k is a positive constant. Given that the one root of the equation f(x) = 0 is three times the
other root, find the value of k.
7. The roots of the quadratic equation 8 x 2 + 2 x − p = 0 are  and  2 . Find the value of the constant p.
8. The roots of the equation 4 x 2 − rx + 2 = 0 , where r is a positive constant, are  and  .
a) Show that a quadratic equation with roots ( 2 + 2) and ( 2 + 2) is 16x2 − (48 + r 2 )x + (2r 2 + 36) = 0 .
b) Given that 4 is a root of the equation found in (a), find the value of r.
9. Given that the roots of the equation x 2 − 3x + p = 0 are  and  , find an equation whose roots are and
1 1
.
 
10.Given that the roots of the equation 3x 2 − 2 x − 4 = 0 are  and  , find an equation whose roots are  2 and  2 .
11. f(x) = 3x 2 − 6 x + p . The equation f(x) = 0 has roots  and  . Without solving the equation f(x) = 0,
1
a) Form a quadratic equation, with integer coefficients, which has roots ( +  ) and .
( +  )
( +  )
( +  )
b) form a quadratic equation which has roots and .
 
Given that 3 is a root of the equation found in part (b), find (c) the value of p. (d) the other root of the equation.
12. f(x)  2x2 − 8x + 3 .The roots of the equation are  and  . (a)Find the value of  2 +  2 .
Given that g(x)  x 2 − px + q , where p and q are constants, and that the roots of the equation g(x) = 0 are 3 +  and
3 +  , (b) Calculate the values of p and q.
c) For your values of p and q express g(x) in the form (x + r )2 − s , where r and s are constants to be found.
1
d) Hence write down the maximum value of and the value of x which gives the maximum value.
g(x)
13.(a) Prove that  3 +  3  ( +  )( 2 −  +  2 ) .
The roots of the equation x 2 + 5x + 3 = 0 are  and  where    . Without solving the equation, find
b) The value of  3 +  3 . (c)the exact value of ( −  ) . (d) the exact value of ( 3 −  3 ) .
14.The equation 3x 2 − 6 x + 2 = 0 has roots  and  . Without solving the equation,
2
a) Find the value of  2 +  2 . (b)Hence show that  4 +  4 = 6 .
9
1 1
c) Hence, or otherwise, form a quadratic equation with integer coefficients which has roots  2 + 2 and  2 + 2 .
 
15. f(x) = 2x − 3x − 9 .The equation f(x) = 0 has roots
2
 and  . Without solving the equation, find,
1 1 1 1
a)  2 +  2 , (b) 2 + 2 , (c)Form a quadratic equation, with integer coefficients, which has roots 2 and 2 .
   
16.The equation x 2 + 2tx + t = 0 , where t is a non-zero constant, has roots  and  , where    .
(a) Find, in terms of t, (i)  2 +  2 ,(ii)  2  2 .
Given that 10 2  2 = 3( 2 +  2 ) , (b)find the value of t.
Using your value of t,
(c)find the exact value of  −  , giving your answer in the form p q , where p and q are integers and p  1 .
17. (a) Show that (p + q)(p2 − pq + q2 )  p3 + q3 .
The equation 2 x 2 + 4 x + 5 = 0 has roots  and  .
b)Without solving the equation, find the value of (i)  3 +  3 , (ii)  3  3 .
5 5
c)Hence form a quadratic equation, with integer coefficients, which has roots (i) 2 3 and 2 3 , (ii) 3 and 3 .
 
 
18. The equation x 2 + mx + 15 = 0 has roots  and  and the equation x 2 + hx + k = 0 has roots and .
 
(a) Write down the value of k. (b) Find an expression for h in terms of m.
Given that  = 2 + 1 ,(c)find the two possible values of  . (d)Hence find the two possible values of m.
19. f(x)  2x 2 + 6x + 3 .The roots of the equation f(x) = 0are  and  . Without solving the equation, find
a) The value of  3 +  3 (b) the value of  3  3
1 1
c) Hence form a quadratic equation, with integer coefficients, which has roots  3 and  3 .
3 3
3 3
d) Form a quadratic equation, with integer coefficients, which has roots 3 and 3 .
 
20. 2x 3 − 9x2 + 9x + 2  (x − 2)(ax2 + bx + c) , where a, b and c are constants. (a) Find the values of a, b and c.
Given that 2,  and  are the roots of the equation 2 x 3 − 9 x 2 + 9 x + 2 = 0 ,
b) write down the values of ( +  ) and  .
 k
c) obtain a quadratic equation whose roots are   +  and   + k  , where k is a constant.
   
Given that the product of the roots of the equation found in (c) is – 8. (d) Find the two possible values of k.
21. f(x) = 5x 2 + px + 4 ,where p is a constant. The equation f(x)=0 has roots  and  . Without solving the equation
1
f(x) = 0, (a) Form a quadratic equation, with integer coefficients, which has roots  and .

b) Form a quadratic equation which has roots  2 and  2 .
Given that 2 is a root of the equation found in part (b), find
c) The possible values of p. (d) the other root of the equation.
22.(a) Show that ( −  )( 2 +  +  2 )   3 −  3 and ( +  )( 2 −  +  2 )   3 +  3 .
f(x)  x2 − 4 x + 2 . The roots of the equation f(x)=0 are  and  , where    . Without solving f(x) = 0.
Calculate the value of (b)  2 +  2 . (c) ( −  )2 .
Hence, (d) Calculate the value of  3 +  3 . (e) Find the value of  3 −  3 , giving your answer in the form k 2 .
23. f(x)  x2 + (k − 6)x + 9, k  0 .The roots of the equation f(x) = 0 are  and  .
a) Find, in terms of k, the value of (i)  2 +  2 , (ii)  2  2 .
Given that 9( 2 +  2 ) = 2 2  2 , (b) Find the value of k.
Using your value of k, and without solving the equation f(x) =0,
1 1
c) Form a quadratic equation, with integer coefficients, which has roots 2 and 2 .
 
24. f(x)  2 x + px − 6 .The equation f(x) = 0 has roots  and  .Without solving the equation,
2

a) Find, in terms of p, (i)  2 +  2 ,(ii)  2  2 . Given that  −  = 4 , (b) Find the possible values of p.
Given that p is positive. (c) Form an equation with roots  2 and  2 .
25.(a) Show that ( +  )( 2 −  +  2 )   3 +  3 and that ( −  )( 2 +  +  2 )   3 −  3 .
f(x)  x2 − 5x − 3 The roots of the equation f(x) = 0 are  and  where    . Without solving f(x) = 0.
Calculate the value of (b) (i)  2 +  2 (ii) ( −  )2
Hence or otherwise, (c) Calculate the value of  3 +  3 , (d) Find the exact value of  3 −  3
e) Find the value of  3 , giving your answer in the form A − B C , where A, B and C are positive integers.
State the values of A, B and C.
26. f(x)  2 x 2 + px + 3 , where p is a constant. The equation f(x) = 0 has roots  and  . Without solving the equation,
1
a) Form a quadratic equation, with integer coefficient, which has roots  2  2 and ,
 2
2

b) Form, in terms of p, a quadratic equation which has roots  2 and  2 .

Given that 3 is a root of the equation found in part (b), find
(c) the value of the other root of the equation, (d) The possible values of p.
27.(a) Show that (i) ( +  )( 2 −  +  2 )   3 +  3 (ii) ( −  )( 2 +  +  2 )   3 −  3
The equation 2 x + 7 x + 4 = 0 has roots  and  , where    . Without solving the equation, calculate the value of
2

b) ( −  )2 (c)  3 +  3 . Hence,
d) Find the value of  3 −  3 , giving your answer in the form k m , where k is rational and m is a prime number.
 2
e) form a quadratic equation, with integer coefficient, which has roots  and .
2

 
28. f(x) = x2 + kx − 5, x  . The roots of the equation f(x) = 0 are  and  .
a) find, in terms of k where appropriate, the value of (i)  2 +  2 (ii)  2  2 .
Given that 5( 2 +  2 ) = 7 2  2 , (b) Find the possible values of k.
Using the positive value of k found in part (b), and without solving the equation f(x) = 0,
1 1
c) Form a quadratic equation, with integer coefficients, which has roots 2 and 2 .
 
29.(a) Show that (i) ( +  )( 2 −  +  2 )   3 +  3 , (ii) ( −  )( 2 +  +  2 )   3 −  3 .
f(x) = x2 + 7x + 3, x  . The equation f(x) = 0 has roots  and  where    . Without solving the equation,
Calculate the value of (b)  3 +  3 (c) ( −  )2 . Hence,
d) Calculate the exact value of  3 −  3 .
 
e) Form a quadratic equation, with integer coefficient, with roots 2 and 2 .
 
30. (a) Show that (i) ( −  )( +  +  )   −  , (ii) ( +  )( −  +  2 )   3 +  3 .
2 2 3 3 2

f(x) = x2 − 2x − 5 . The roots of the equation f(x) = 0 are  and  where    . Without solving the equation,
Calculate the value of (b)  2 +  2 (c) ( −  )2
Hence (d) calculate the value of  3 +  3 , (e) calculate the exact value of  3 −  3 , giving your answer in the form k 6 ,
f) Form an equation with roots ( −  )2 and ( +  )2 .
31.The roots of the equation x2 + 3x − 5 = 0 are  and  .
a) Without solving the equation, find i) The value of  2 +  2 ii) The value of  4 +  4
Given that    and without solving the equation
b) Show that  −  = 29
c) Factories  4 −  4 completely.
d) Hence find the exact value of  4 −  4
Given that  4 = p + q 29 where p and q are positive constants.
e) Find the value of p and the value of q. [May19/P2/Q10]
32. The roots of the equation 3x2 − 2 x −1 = 0 are  and  , where    .Without solving the equation,
a) Find the value of  2 +  2
4
b) Show that  −  =
3
c) Form a quadratic equation, with integer coefficients, that has roots  +  and  −  [Jan19-P2/Q8]
 
33. The quadratic equation x 2 − 4k 2 x + 2k 4 − 1 = 0
Where k is a positive constant, has roots  and  .
Given that  2 +  2 = 66 and that  3 +  3 = p 2 where p is an integer, find the value of p.

ANSWERS
(1)15, (2) 8 , (3) 27, (4) 9, (5) – 36, (6) 40, (7) 1, (8) 5 2 ,(9) px 2 − 3x + 1 = 0 , (10) 9 x 2 − 28 x + 16 = 0
8 3
(11)(a) 2 x 2 − 5x + 2 = 0 (b) px 2 − 12 x + 12 = 0 (c) (d) , (12)(a) 13 (b) p = 16, q = 54 (c) r = – 8, s = 10,
3 2
1 2
(d) maximum value = − , x = 8 . (13)(b) – 80, (c) 13 , (d) 22 13 .(14)(a) 2 , (c) 36 x 2 − 312 x + 601 = 0 .
10 3
45 5 125
(15)(a) ,(b) ,(c) 81x 2 − 45x + 4 = 0 .(16)(a)(i) 4t 2 − 2t ,(ii) t 2 ,(b)3,(c) 2 6 . 17(b)(i)7,(ii) ,(c) 2 x 2 − 28 x + 125 = 0
4 9 8
30 − m2 5 27 27
,(ii) 25x 2 − 56 x + 40 = 0 . (18)(a)k = 1, (b) h = , (c)  = −3, = , (d) m = 8, m = −8.5 (19)(a) − , (b) ,
15 2 2 8
 5 1
(c) 8 x 2 + 36 x + 3 = 0 , (d) 3x 2 + 36 x + 8 = 0 . (20)(a) a = 2, b = −5, c = −1 , (b) , − ,(c)
2 2
5 3
2x2 − (5 − 10k)x + (−4k2 + 4k − 1) = 0 , (d) , − .(21)(a) 20 x − 41x + 20 = 0 , (b) 25x 2 − (p2 − 40)x + 16 = 0 , (c)  98 , (d)
2

2 2
8 p2
.(22)(b)12, (c) 8, (d) 40, (e) 28 2 .(23)(a)(i) (k − 6)2 − 18 , (ii) 81, (b) k = 12, (c) 81x 2 − 18 x + 1 = 0 .(24)(a)(i) + 6 ,
25 4
(ii) 9, (b) 4 , (c) x − 10 x + 9 = 0 .
2

 p2  9
(25)(b)(i) 31, (ii) 37, (c) 170, (d) 28 37 , (e) 85 − 14 37 . (26)(a) 36 x 2 − 97 x + 36 = 0 , (b) x 2 −  − 3  x + = 0 ,
4  4
3 17 175 41
(c) , (d)  27 .(27)(b) , (c) − , (d) 17 ,(e) 16 x 2 + 175x + 32 = 0 .(28)(a)(i) k 2 + 10 , (ii) 25, (b) 5 , (c)
4 4 8 8
25x 2 − 35x + 1 = 0 (29)(b) – 280, (c) 37, (d) 46 37 , (e) 9 x 2 + 280 x + 3 = 0 .30(b) 14, (c) 24, (d) 38, (e) 18 6 , (f)
x 2 − 28 x + 96 = 0 .
31. a) i) 19 ii) 311 b) 29 * (
c) ( −  )( +  )  2 +  2 ) d) −57 (
29 − 94221 )
311 57 10
e) p = q= 32. a) c) 3x2 + 10 x − 8 = 0 33. P = 280
2 2 9