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10 viewsComprehensive Data Analyst Interview Guide
The document provides a comprehensive list of interview questions and answers for data analysts, covering SQL, Excel, Python/R, data visualization, A/B testing, and case studies. Key topics include SQL queries for salary calculations, data handling techniques in Excel, and methods for analyzing data trends and customer segments. It also emphasizes the importance of statistical significance and data cleaning tools in the analytical process.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
10 viewsComprehensive Data Analyst Interview Guide
The document provides a comprehensive list of interview questions and answers for data analysts, covering SQL, Excel, Python/R, data visualization, A/B testing, and case studies. Key topics include SQL queries for salary calculations, data handling techniques in Excel, and methods for analyzing data trends and customer segments. It also emphasizes the importance of statistical significance and data cleaning tools in the analytical process.
Uploaded by
deepakprajap7067Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Data Analyst Interview Questions & Answers
SQL Questions & Answers
1. Write a query to find the second highest salary:
SQL Query:
SELECT MAX(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE salary < (SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees);
2. Explain different types of joins:
- INNER JOIN: Matches records in both tables.
- LEFT JOIN: All records from the left table and matched records from the right.
- RIGHT JOIN: All records from the right table and matched records from the left.
- FULL JOIN: All records from both tables.
3. Write a query to calculate average sales by region:
SELECT region, AVG(sales) AS average_sales
FROM sales_data
GROUP BY region;
4. Handling NULL values in SQL:
- IS NULL / IS NOT NULL to filter NULL values.
- COALESCE() to replace NULL with a default value.
- IFNULL() (MySQL) or NVL() (Oracle) to replace NULL.
Data Analyst Interview Questions & Answers
Excel Questions & Answers
1. How do you use VLOOKUP?
=VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])
2. How to use INDEX-MATCH?
=INDEX(array, MATCH(lookup_value, lookup_array, 0))
3. Explain Pivot Tables:
Pivot tables summarize large datasets by grouping and aggregating data.
Example: Calculate total sales by region or average sales by product.
4. Cleaning Data in Excel:
- Remove duplicates using "Remove Duplicates."
- Use TRIM() to remove extra spaces.
- Use IF() or IFERROR() to handle errors or missing values.
Python/R Questions & Answers
1. Handling Missing Data in Python:
import pandas as pd
df.dropna() # Drop rows with missing values
df.fillna(0) # Fill missing values with 0
Data Analyst Interview Questions & Answers
2. Calculate Mean, Median, and Mode:
import statistics
data = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5]
print(statistics.mean(data), statistics.median(data), statistics.mode(data))
3. Merging Two Datasets in Python:
pd.merge(df1, df2, on='key', how='inner') # Inner join
Data Visualization & Analytical Thinking
1. Tools for Visualization:
- Tableau, Power BI, Matplotlib, Seaborn, ggplot2 (R).
2. Choosing the Right Chart:
- Bar charts for comparisons.
- Line charts for trends.
- Scatter plots for relationships.
- Pie charts for proportions.
3. Analyzing a 20% Sales Drop:
- Examine sales trends, region-wise or product-wise.
- Check external factors like seasonality or competitors.
- Review internal strategies like pricing and marketing.
Data Analyst Interview Questions & Answers
4. Handling Outliers:
Use IQR (Interquartile Range) or Z-score to detect outliers.
Decide to remove, transform, or keep them based on the context.
A/B Testing & Behavioral Questions
1. Designing an A/B Test:
- Define your hypothesis.
- Split users into control and treatment groups.
- Measure key metrics (e.g., click-through rate).
2. Ensuring Statistical Significance:
- Use a significance level (e.g., 0.05).
- Calculate the p-value.
- Ensure the sample size is large enough.
3. Describing Complex Data to Non-Technical Audiences:
- Example: "I created a dashboard in Tableau to visualize sales trends for the marketing team using
simple charts and avoiding technical jargon."
4. Ensuring Analysis Accuracy:
- Double-check calculations.
- Cross-check with stakeholders.
Data Analyst Interview Questions & Answers
- Validate results using alternative methods.
Case Study & Tools
1. Identifying Profitable Customer Segments:
- Analyze customer purchase history and demographics.
- Calculate metrics like Customer Lifetime Value (CLV).
- Identify high spenders or frequent buyers.
2. Handling Large Datasets:
- Use SQL or Python (Pandas, NumPy) for efficient processing.
- Sample the data if possible.
- Utilize cloud-based tools like BigQuery or Spark.
3. Data Cleaning Tools:
- Python (Pandas), Excel, or OpenRefine.
4. Handling Duplicate Data:
- In Python: df.drop_duplicates()
