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    Lecture 3 (Introduction To Pure Tone Audio Me Try)

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    Hana Keiichan
    This document discusses pure tone audiometry, which is used to test hearing sensitivity thresholds at different frequencies. Pure tone audiometry uses an audiometer to present tones and record the lowest levels the patient detects 50% of the time. Results are plotted on an audiogram to diagnose hearing loss type and degree. Audiometers must be calibrated daily and periodically to ensure accurate results.

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    Lecture 3 (Introduction To Pure Tone Audio Me Try)

    Uploaded by

    Hana Keiichan
    181 views27 pages
    This document discusses pure tone audiometry, which is used to test hearing sensitivity thresholds at different frequencies. Pure tone audiometry uses an audiometer to present tones and record the lowest levels the patient detects 50% of the time. Results are plotted on an audiogram to diagnose hearing loss type and degree. Audiometers must be calibrated daily and periodically to ensure accurate results.

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    Lecture 3 (Introduction to Pure Tone Audio Me Try)

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    This document discusses pure tone audiometry, which is used to test hearing sensitivity thresholds at different frequencies. Pure tone audiometry uses an audiometer to present tones and record the lowest levels the patient detects 50% of the time. Results are plotted on an audiogram to diagnose hearing loss type and degree. Audiometers must be calibrated daily and periodically to ensure accurate results.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    181 views27 pages

    Lecture 3 (Introduction To Pure Tone Audio Me Try)

    Uploaded by

    Hana Keiichan
    This document discusses pure tone audiometry, which is used to test hearing sensitivity thresholds at different frequencies. Pure tone audiometry uses an audiometer to present tones and record the lowest levels the patient detects 50% of the time. Results are plotted on an audiogram to diagnose hearing loss type and degree. Audiometers must be calibrated daily and periodically to ensure accurate results.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    The key takeaways are that pure tone audiometry is used to test hearing thresholds and diagnose hearing loss. An audiometer is the device used to conduct pure tone tests and it must be regularly calibrated to ensure accurate results.

    Pure tone audiometry is used to make the initial diagnosis of hearing impairment, determine the type and degree of hearing loss, and assist in determining rehabilitation services needed for hearing impaired individuals.

    The main types of audiometers discussed are standard/manual audiometers, automatic/microprocessor audiometers, diagnostic audiometers, extended high-frequency audiometers, and free-field equivalent audiometers.

    Pure Tone Audiometry

    Lecture 3

    References
    Audiology Diagnosis Chapter 11 (Pure Tone Tests) Lecture Notes

    Topics
    Pure tone audiometry Definition and purposes Audiometer Definition & types Audiometer components Calibration of audiometers Calibration schedules Audiogram and audiometric symbols

    Pure Tone Audiometry

    Definition:
    The procedure by which sensitivity thresholds for each ear are obtained for pure tone stimuli of different frequencies (250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 & 8000 Hz)

    Pure Tone Audiometry


    Threshold Level:

    The lowest intensity level at which the patient is able to respond to the stimulus 50% of the time

    Stimulus: anything that can elicit or evoke a response in an excitable receptor i.e. stimulus = signal (pure tone or noise) excitable receptor = ear / hearing system
    50 % means the patient must respond to two out of four or three out of six trials

    Pure Tone Audiometry

    Purposes:
    Results from pure tone audiometry are used to make the initial diagnosis of hearing impairment (normal/abnormal hearing sensitivity)

    In the case of abnormal hearing sensitivity, the results would help in the diagnosis of the type and degree of hearing impairment
    It assist in the determination of (re)habilitation services needed to assist hearing impaired persons

    Pure Tone Audiometry


    Audiometer

    The instrument used in pure tone testing Electronic instrument used to quantify hearing sensitivity Have frequencies with a scale based on the octave and half-octave frequencies of 125, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, 2000, 3000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 Hz.

    Pure Tone Audiometry


    Audiometers Types:

    Standard Pure Tone and Automatic/Microprocessor Audiometers Diagnostic Audiometers Extended High-Frequency Audiometers Free-Field Equivalent Audiometers

    Audiometers Types
    Standard Pure Tone and Automatic/Microprocessor Audiometers: Used for screening or basic threshold testing

    Manual audiometers are operated by the examiner

    Automatic audiometers are controlled by a system with a hand held switch

    Commonly used for mass screening (i.e. industrial hearing conservation programs) to save time Have limited value in testing children and in diagnostic testing

    Standards Pure Tone Audiometer


    (Manual Screening Audiometer)

    Audiometers Types
    Diagnostic Audiometers

    Includes a wide variety of features; bone conduction testing, speech testing through monitored live voice or recorded presentations, masking stimuli and site of lesion testing

    Extended High-Frequency Audiometers


    To measure hearing thresholds from 8000 Hz to 16,000 Hz Application: to monitor onset of possible high frequency HL from ototoxic medications

    Clinical Diagnostic Audiometers

    Audiometers Types
    Free-Field Equivalent Audiometers

    Calibrated so the output of the earphones or bone oscillator can be expressed in terms of equivalent hearing as if the sound was presented at 0 degrees azimuth in the sound field

    The output from free field equivalent audiometers is expressed in SPL (sound pressure level)
    Good to comparison of performance for hearing aids

    Audiometer Components

    Calibration Of Audiometers

    Calibration Of Audiometers

    Calibration is necessary to ensure that the audiometer is producing a pure tone at the specified frequency and intensity The stimulus is present only in the earphone to which it is directed The stimulus is free from unwanted noise, the interference, and distortion

    Calibration Schedules
    Four types of audiometer check/calibration schedules:

    Daily listening check Psychoacoustic (Biological) check Periodic electronic calibration

    Exhaustive electronic calibration

    Daily Listening Check

    In the morning after warm up (10 min) Signal is checked at various intensities and at all frequencies Look for transient clicks or distortion (undesired acoustic signal) Ensure that signal is delivered to the correct earphone No cross talk is present (cross talk: when the signal intended for exclusive routing to one earphone is also routed to the other)

    Psychoacoustic (Biological) Check


    At least once per month

    The output from the audiometer is checked

    This process is done either with: A. A. Psychoacoustic (biologic) check OR Electroacoustical calibration check with a sound level meter

    A. Psychoacoustic (Biologic) check

    Obtain baseline thresholds on 3-5 normal hearing individuals who will be available for comparison testing throughout the year If on the monthly check, a threshold difference > 5 dB HL is found for one of the individuals for any test frequency between 500-6000 Hz, the other subjects should be checked If a shift > 5 dB HL in the same direction is confirmed, an electric calibration of the audiometer is required Monthly results should recorded in a form

    B. Electroacoustical Calibration Check


    Performed with sound level meter and real-ear coupler Measurements are obtained directly from the audiometer earphone at a fixed attenuator setting and compared with the expected ANSI 1996 reference equivalent threshold SPL value If the difference is > 3 dB, the audiometer would require electronic calibration

    Sound level meter: an electronic instrument designed to measure sound intensity in dB in accordance with an accepted standard
    ANSI (American National Standards Institute): association of specialists, manufacturers, and consumers that determines standards for measuring instruments, including audiometers

    Periodic Electronic Calibration

    At least one each year To make sure that the audiometer is meeting the minimum standards defined by ANSI S3.6-1996

    Exhaustive Electronic Calibration

    Every 5 years
    More comprehensive than the periodic electronic calibration Includes testing of all settings on the frequency and intensity dials Replacing switches, cords, earphone drivers and cushions

    The Audiogram

    Displays data from the audiological evaluation

    Frequency (in Hz) is displayed on the horizontal axis

    Intensity (in dB HL) is displayed on the vertical axis

    Audiogram form either records both right and left ear information on one

    graph (ASHA Form) or each ear in different form

    The Audiogram

    Audiometric Symbols

    Air conduction: Response in right ear (red) unmasked: O Masked : Response in left ear (Blue) Unmasked: X Masked: Sound Field (Speakers): S (sound field) OR F (free field)

    Audiometric Symbols
    After all thresholds are plotted on the audiogram, the symbols are connected with a: Solid red line for the right ear Solid blue line for the left ear

    Audiograms Forms
    Right ear (RE) & left ear (LE) results plotted on the same audiogram Right ear (RE) & left ear (LE) results plotted on two separate audiograms

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