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Lecture 7 Notes

Lecture 7 covers fundamental concepts in digital imaging and video, including pixels, bit depth, and aspect ratios. It explains video formats like 480p, 1080i, and 1080p, as well as bitrate types such as CBR, VBR, and ABR. Additionally, it discusses color modes, video codecs like H264 and AV1, and the importance of containers in managing data streams.

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10 views

Lecture 7 Notes

Lecture 7 covers fundamental concepts in digital imaging and video, including pixels, bit depth, and aspect ratios. It explains video formats like 480p, 1080i, and 1080p, as well as bitrate types such as CBR, VBR, and ABR. Additionally, it discusses color modes, video codecs like H264 and AV1, and the importance of containers in managing data streams.

Uploaded by

davor Milenkoski
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 7 Notes:

Whats a pixel?
A pixel’s one of the small dots or squares that make up an image.
Pixel – picture element

BIT DEPTH
Bit depth is the number of bits used to represent each sample in digital audio or video
Bit depth is determined by the number of bits used to define each pixel.
bpp – bits per pixel

Pixel Aspect Ratio (PAR) - ratio that describes how the width of a pixel is compared to the height of
that pixel in an image
Display Aspect Ratio (DAR) - the correlation between width and height.

DVD
display aspect ratio - 4:3
pixel aspect ratio - 10:11

What are 480p, 1080i, 1080p formats?


The number is the resolution's height
p - progressive
i - interlaced.

What is bitrate?
Bitrate’s the amount of data processed over a given time period in
bps – bits per second
The higher the bitrate the better video quality

Constant bitrate (CBR) - maintains a fixed bitrate throughout the entire duration of a file

Variable bitrate (VBR) - adjusts the bitrate based on the complexity of the content.
Provides better overall quality and more efficient compression, less predictable file size and data rate.

Average bitrate (ABR) - aims for a target average bitrate blending aspects of CBR and VBR.
CMOS - Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Most commonly used in phone cameras and web cameras
Cheap and uses less power
Transmits data faster than CCD

Reducing reduncany

Color Modes
RGB – Red blue green
YMC – Yellow Magenta Cyan
HSL – Hue Saturation Lightness
VSL – Visibility Saturation Lightness

YUV
Y – Luma (Light/brightness)
U – Chroma Blue (Blue correction)
V – Chroma Red (Red projection)

H264
Video compression standard that's currently the most widely used codec on the planet
H264 – Advanced video coding
Codec
A device or computer program for encoding or decoding a digital data stream or signal

Container
A file format that holds various types of data streams, such as audio, video, and metadata, in a single
file.

AV1
AV1- a codec that compresses a video file/stream to a lower bitrate while maximizing video quality.
It’s designed with a low computational footprint and it’s optimized for hardware.
Open and interoperable
Optimized for the internet
Scalable for modern bandwidth

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