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Mini-Project-electronic Circuit

The project report details the design of a triangular wave generator using operational amplifiers, specifically LM741, configured as a comparator and an integrator. The circuit converts a 10V peak-to-peak sine wave with a 9V DC offset into a square wave, which is then integrated to produce a triangular wave. Key components include 10 kΩ resistors and a 0.1 µF capacitor, ensuring the desired frequency and amplitude characteristics for effective waveform generation.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
9 views7 pages

Mini-Project-electronic Circuit

The project report details the design of a triangular wave generator using operational amplifiers, specifically LM741, configured as a comparator and an integrator. The circuit converts a 10V peak-to-peak sine wave with a 9V DC offset into a square wave, which is then integrated to produce a triangular wave. Key components include 10 kΩ resistors and a 0.1 µF capacitor, ensuring the desired frequency and amplitude characteristics for effective waveform generation.

Uploaded by

amivalo45rt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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East West University

Project Report
Semester: Spring-2024
Course Title: Electronic Circuits
Course Code: CSE251
Sec: 04
Project Name: Design of a Triangular wave generator using an Operational Amplifier for a
specified input.

Group No: 01

Group Members:
Student Name Student Id
Monsurul Hoque Akib 2022-1-60-088
MD. Nafis Mahamud Sarker 2022-1-60-075
Pranto Mondol 2022-1-60-129
Soyoda Meenmoy 2022-1-60-350

Submitted to-
Dr. Sarwar Jahan
Associate Professor
Department of Computer Science & Engineering East
West University

Date of Submission: 20-05-24


To redesign the triangular wave generator circuit using the specified parameters.

- Resistors ( R_1, R_2, ) and ( R_3 ) all equal 10 kΩ.

- Capacitor ( C ) is 0.1 µF.

- Peak-to-peak voltage ( V_{pp} ) is 10V.

- DC voltage ( V_{dc} ) is 9V.

Circuit Design Overview

1. Square Wave Generator:

- Convert a DC-shifted sine wave to a square wave using a comparator.

- The input sine wave should be 10Vpp with a 9V DC offset (4V to 14V peak).

2. Integrator:

- Convert the square wave to a triangular wave using an op-amp integrator circuit.

Detailed Circuit Design & Square Wave Generator

1. Comparator Configuration:

- Use an op-amp (e.g., LM741) as a comparator.

- Non-inverting input connected to the sine wave input.

- Inverting input connected to a reference voltage.

- Output connected through a feedback resistor (optional for hysteresis).

Reference Voltage for Comparator:

- The reference voltage should be halfway between the peak values of the sine wave.

- Reference voltage = ( frac{4V + 14V}{2} = 9V \).

Integrator Configuration

Integrator Op-Amp:

- Inverting input connected to the output of the comparator through \( R_1 \).

- Feedback loop with \( R_2 \) and \( C \) to form the integrator.

- Non-inverting input connected to ground.


Component Values

R_1 = 10 kΩ

R_2 = 10 kΩ

R_3 = 10 kΩ

C = 0.1 µF

Step-by-Step Circuit Setup in Multisim

Set Up Function Generator:

- Configure the function generator to output a 10 Vpp sine wave with a 9V DC offset (4V to 14V
peak).

Comparator Circuit:

- Place an LM741 op-amp.

- Connect the sine wave output to the non-inverting input (pin 3) of the op-amp.

- Connect the inverting input (pin 2) to the 9V reference.

- Optionally, add ( R_3 ) (10 kΩ) between the output (pin 6) and the inverting input (pin 2) for
hysteresis.

- Power the op-amp with +15V and -15V (to ensure sufficient range for the output swing).

Integrator Circuit:

- Place another LM741 op-amp.

- Connect the output of the comparator to the inverting input (pin 2) of the integrator through (
R_1 ) (10 kΩ).

- Connect ( R_2 ) (10 kΩ) between the inverting input (pin 2) and the output (pin 6) of the integrator
op-amp.

- Connect ( C ) (0.1 µF) between the inverting input (pin 2) and the output (pin 6) of the integrator
op-amp.

- Ground the non-inverting input (pin 3) of the integrator op-amp.

- Power the op-amp with +15V and -15V.


Simulating the Circuit in Multisim :

1. Build the Circuit:

- Place all the components and make the connections as described.

- Double-check each connection to ensure correctness.

2. Configure the Oscilloscope:

- Connect Channel A to the output of the comparator (square wave).

- Connect Channel B to the output of the integrator (triangular wave).

3. Run the Simulation:

- Start the simulation by clicking on the run button.

- Observe the waveforms on the oscilloscope. Adjust the time base and voltage scale as needed to
view the waveforms clearly.

Example Configuration Schematic :

Here’s a visual description of the circuit connections in Multisim:


Function Generator :

- Sine wave: 10 Vpp with a 9V DC offset (4V to 14V peak).

Comparator (Square Wave Generator):

- **LM741 Op-Amp (Comparator):**

- Non-inverting input (pin 3) -> Function generator output.

- Inverting input (pin 2) -> 9V reference (DC voltage).

Output (pin 6) -> Connected to ( R_1 ) (10 kΩ) and optionally to ( R_3 ) (10 kΩ) for feedback.

- Power supply: +15V (pin 7), -15V (pin 4).

Integrator (Triangular Wave Generator):

- LM741 Op-Amp (Integrator):

- Inverting input (pin 2) -> 10 kΩ resistor from comparator output.

- 10 kΩ resistor (R_2) and 0.1 µF capacitor (C) in feedback loop.

- Non-inverting input (pin 3) -> Ground.

- Power supply: +15V (pin 7), -15V (pin 4).

Oscilloscope Connections:

- Channel A: Connect to the output of the comparator (square wave).

- Channel B: Connect to the output of the integrator (triangular wave).


Theoretically:
Conclusion :

In this project, we designed a triangular wave generator using two LM741 operational amplifiers,
configured as a comparator and an integrator. The circuit begins with a comparator that converts a
10V peak-to-peak sine wave, centered at 9V DC, into a square wave. This configuration ensures
the input sine wave, oscillating between 4V and 14V, is compared against a 9V reference,
producing a stable square wave output. This square wave is then fed into an integrator circuit,
where a 10 kΩ resistor and a 0.1 µF capacitor determine the rate of integration. The integrator
converts the square wave into a triangular wave. Key components, including the 10 kΩ resistors
and the 0.1 µF capacitor, were chosen to match the desired frequency and amplitude characteristics.
This setup ensures efficient conversion of the input signal into a precise triangular waveform,
demonstrating the effective use of op-amps in waveform generation applications.

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