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Research Design

Research design is a structured framework for collecting and analyzing data to address specific research questions efficiently. It involves considerations such as the study's purpose, data requirements, and analysis methods, and can be categorized into exploratory, descriptive, and hypothesis-testing designs. Effective research design minimizes errors, enhances reliability, and optimizes resource use, ultimately guiding the research process towards valid conclusions.

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Md. Sabbir Hossain
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11 views4 pages

Research Design

Research design is a structured framework for collecting and analyzing data to address specific research questions efficiently. It involves considerations such as the study's purpose, data requirements, and analysis methods, and can be categorized into exploratory, descriptive, and hypothesis-testing designs. Effective research design minimizes errors, enhances reliability, and optimizes resource use, ultimately guiding the research process towards valid conclusions.

Uploaded by

Md. Sabbir Hossain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RESEARCH DESIGN

A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a
manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure.

In the other words, decision regarding what, when, how, by what means concerning an inquiry
or a research study constitute a research design.

“Research design is a framework or blueprint for conducting the marketing research project. It
specifies the details of the producers necessary for obtaining the information needed to
structure and solve marketing research problem.”

Important consideration for research design


Research design is based on some consideration. These are....
1. What is the study about?
2. Why is the study being made?
3. Where will the study be carried out?
4. What type of data is required?
5. Where can the required data he found?
6. What periods of time will the study include?
7. What will be the sample design?
8. What techniques of data collection will be used?
9. How will the data be analyzed?
10. In what style will the report be prepared?

Different part of research design


1. Sample design: A sample design is a definite plan determined before any data are actually
collected for obtaining a sample from a given population. In sample design all the items are
required as universe or population.

2. Observational design: It relates to the conditions under which the observation is to be made.

3. Statistical design: It concerns with the question of how many items are to be observed and
how the information and data gathered are to be analysis.

4. Operational design: It deals with the techniques by which sampling, statistical and
observational design can be carried out.

Important features of research design


1. Specifying the sources and types of information: It is a plan that specifies the sources and
type of information relevant to the research problem.
2. Specifying the approach: It is a strategy specifying which approach will be used for gathering
and analyzing the data.

3. Including the time and cost budget: It also includes the time and cost budget since most
studies are done under this two constrains.

The research design contains


1. A clear statement: A clear statement of research problem should be contained.

2. Data collection procedures: Procedures and techniques to be used for collecting data.

3. The population to be studied: Population to be studied or the subject under the research
whom will be used to collect information must be contained.

4. Methods of analyzing data: Methods to be used in processing and analyzing data must be
contained.
Types of Research Design:
There are different types of research designs. They may be broadly categorized as:
(1) Exploratory Research Design;
(2) Descriptive and Diagnostic Research Design; and
(3) Hypothesis-Testing Research Design.

1. Exploratory Research Design:


The Exploratory Research Design is known as formulative research design. The main objective of
using such a research design is to formulate a research problem for an in-depth or more precise
investigation, or for developing a working hypothesis from an operational aspect.

2. Descriptive And Diagnostic Research Design:


A Descriptive Research Design is concerned with describing the characteristics of a particular
individual or a group. Meanwhile, a diagnostic research design determines the frequency with
which a variable occurs or its relationship with another variable.

3. Hypothesis-Testing Research Design:


Hypothesis-Testing Research Designs are those in which the researcher tests the hypothesis of
causal relationship between two or more variables.

Advantages of research design


1. Consumes less time.
2. Ensures project time schedule.
3. Helps researcher to prepare himself to carry out research in a proper and a systematic way.
4. Better documentation of the various activities while the project work is going on.
5. Helps in proper planning of the resources and their procurement in right time.
6. Provides satisfaction and confidence, accompanied with a sense of success from the
beginning of the work of the research project.

Need for Research Design


Research design is needed because it facilitates the smooth sailing of the various research
operations, thereby making research as efficient as possible yielding maximal information with
minimal expenditure of effort, time and money. Research design has a significant impact on the
reliability of the results obtained. It thus acts as a firm foundation for the entire research.
The need for research design is as follows:
1. It reduces inaccuracy;
2. Helps to get maximum efficiency and reliability;
3. Eliminates bias and marginal errors;
4. Minimizes wastage of time;
5. Helpful for collecting research materials;
6. Helpful for testing of hypothesis;
7. Gives an idea regarding the type of resources required in terms of money, manpower,
time, and efforts;
8. Provides an overview to other experts;
9. Guides the research in the right direction.

IMPORTANT CONCEPTS RELATING TO RESEARCH DESIGN


Before describing the different research designs, it will be appropriate to explain the various
concepts relating to designs so that these may be better and easily understood.

1. Dependent and Independent Variables:


Magnitude that varies is known as a variable. When changes in one variable depend upon the
changes in other variable or variables, it is known as a dependent variable, and the variables
that cause the changes in the dependent variable are known as the independent variables.
For example, if demand depends upon price, then demand is a dependent variable, while price is
the independent variable.

2. Extraneous Variables:
The independent variables which are not directly related to the purpose of the study but affect
the dependent variables, are known as extraneous variables.

3. Control:
Technically, the term ‘control’ is used when a researcher designs the study in such a manner
that it minimizes the effects of extraneous variables. The term ‘control’ is used in experimental
research to reflect the restrain in experimental conditions.

4. Confounded Relationship:
The relationship between the dependent and independent variables is said to be confounded by
an extraneous variable, when the dependent variable is not free from its effects.
5. Research Hypothesis:
When a prediction or a hypothesized relationship is tested by adopting scientific methods, it is
known as research hypothesis.

6. Experimental and Non-experimental Hypothesis Testing Research:


The research in which the independent variable is manipulated is known as ‘experimental
hypothesis-testing research’, whereas the research in which the independent variable is not
manipulated is termed as ‘non-experimental hypothesis-testing research.

7. Experimental and Control Groups:


When a group is exposed to usual conditions in an experimental hypothesis-testing research, it
is known as ‘control group’. On the other hand, when the group is exposed to certain new or
special condition, it is known as an ‘experimental group’.

8. Treatments:
Treatments refer to the different conditions to which the experimental and control groups are
subject to.
9. Experiment:
Experiment refers to the process of verifying the truth of a statistical hypothesis relating to a
given research problem.
10. Experimental Unit(s):
Experimental units refer to the pre-determined plots, characteristics or the blocks, to which
different treatments are applied. It is worth mentioning here that such experimental units must
be selected with great caution.

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