CE 468 GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN RENIFORCED EARTH WALL DESIGN A Reinforced earth wall is to be designed for the conditions shown in Fig. 1. Reuined Fill Foondtion Soi Ofaha Grund Figure 1. Reinforced soil system H=10m a= 20° B= 90° Soil Properties: Reinforced Fill: | y = 19.5 kN/m®; = 33° Retained Fill y= 18.0 kN/ms; ©’ = 30° Foundation Soil: y= 20.0 kN/m*; &’ = 390 a. Determine the required length of reinforcement to assure external stability. Minimum safety factors should be : Sliding: FS=1.5 Overturning FS = 2.0 Bearing Capacity FS = 2.0 The soil/wall friction angle is 6 = ¢ = 30°, use Coulomb active earth pressure theory. Negative soil pressure is not allowed under the wall. b. Check the overturning and the sliding stability for the earthquake condition using Mononobe-Okabe method. Note that the vertical earthquake aceeleration coefficient Ky = 0 and horizontal earthquake acceleration coefficient Ky = 0.3. Assume a = 0 (horizontal backfill in EQ analysis). c. ATensar SR2 geogrid reinforcement system (extensible) is being considered for this wall. Relevant properties of Tensar SR2 reinforcement are :Characteristics Strength : 30 kN/m Minimum safety factor for tie break FS = 1.7 Determine suitable spacing (Sy) for the Tensar reinforcement as a function of depth. Determine factors of safety against pull-out (FSpe) as a function of depth. Assume that the pull-out resistance of Tensar for unit width is given by: P=2LeY zi ap (tang), Where ay = 0.9 ; and @ = 33° (friction angle of reinforced fill) . An alternate solution is the use of reinforced concrete facing units tied to teel strips (inextensible). The strip will be spaced at vertical and horizontal spacings of Sy and Sx respectively. Select the spacing of the tension strips to satisfy internal equilibrium requirements. Strip material properties are : Yield stress fy = 390 MPa, Strip/soil friction angle 8= 25°. FS = 3.0 and FSpo = 3.0 is required Hint: try width b = 100mm, thickness t = 5mm for the steel strips.COULOMB’S ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE ‘The Rankine active earth pressure calculations discussed in the preceding sections were based on the assumption that the wallis frictionless, In 1776, Coulomb proposed a theory to calculate the lateral earth pressure on a retaining wall with granular soil backfill. This theory takes wall friction into consideration. Y FIGURE 6.12 Coulomb's active pressure For equilibrium purposes, a force triangle can be drawn, as shown in Figure 6.12b. Note that 6, is the angle that BC, makes with the horizontal. Because the magnitude of Was well as the directions of all three forces are known, the value of, P, can now be determined. Similarly, the active forces of other trial wedges, such as ABC;, ABC,,... can be determined. The maximum value of P; thus determined is Coulomb's active force (see top part of Figure 6.12), which may be expressed as Ht (6.25) where K, = Coulomb's active earth pressure coefficient sint@ + ) setpsiie-9[1+ J (+ Hsin at (6.28) in(B d)sin(a + 8) and H = height of the wallACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE FOR EARTHQUAKE CONDITIONS Coulomb's active earth pressure theory (see Section 6.5) can be extended to take into account the forces caused by an earthquake. Figure 6.14 shows a condition of active pressure with a granular backfill (c = 0). Note that the forces acting on the soil failure wedge in Figure 6.14 are essentially the same as those shown in Figure 6.12a, with the addition of #47 and 2,W in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively; f, and k, may be defined as _ horizontal earthquake acceleration component Seen ie 629) acceleration due to gravity, g vertical earthquake acceleration component 3) acceleration due to gravity, g ; As in Section 65, the relation for the active force per unit length of the wall (P,) can be determined as fy Pos = 4yH*(1 = be) Kee (6.31) VY FIGURE 6.14 Derivation of Ea. (631) where Eq = active earth pressure coefficient (b+ B= 9!) fsin(@ + dsin( — 6 = a) 9 [1+ sin@—3— soo 3] 6.32) (6.33)Equation (6.31) is usually referred to as the Mononobe~Okabe solution, Unlike the case shown in Figure 6.12a, the resultant earth pressure in this situation, as calculated by Eq. (6.31) does not act at a distance of H/3 from the bottom of the wall. The following procedure may be used to obtain the location of the resultant force Pre 1. Calculate P,, by using Eq. (6.31) 2, Calculate P, by using Eq. (6.25) 3. Calculate APa = Pu Pe 634) 4, Assume that P, acts at a distance of H/3 from the bottom of the wall (Figure 6.16). 5, Assume that AP,, acts at a distance of 0.6H from the bottom of the wall igure 6.16). 6, Calculate the location of the resultant as (0.6H) (AP..) + @) ®) Pa (6.35) YY FIGURE6.16 Determining the line of action of P,host FH tan(45* - 6/2) | ]¢ ? ¢ (1 —,/_ == ¢ 4 few i C Y FIGURE 7.40 Location of potential failure surface (after Transportation Re- Lateral earth pressure coefficient, /K, Geotextile Depth below top of wall (f) 1 15 Y FIGURE 7.39 Recommended design values for lateral earth pressure coett- dent, K (after Transportation Research Board, 1999)ASSGEN:3 _ REINFORCED EARTH WALL DESIEN GUIDELINES: Crileria for external stabili hy: Sliding FS. LS OnertuPnine F220 Bearing 1 FS 20 Assumphons: a.No surcharge on the wall de.” Uydroctobe pressure 4é.No passive resisturce in front side Fe ee ea Zu, “ie, Sliding zrenforced Fill for L from ¢é> #5 Gir min L vepuineeh oo” Cte Read’ 2, solve far L EI Coun pare. with V L prom Ce)ia. Bearing Gpacily Cheel zt ‘ : a CaN Fatt 4 @XNge,) Craig? Klee: 7 0 a i Use Persad” 27 Bol-Le = By ecarch tan T N Use L fou GD bind Sok? Grd 4 = th + Se)S~ 2 Coupare St <2. » Not realishe Bunge Gay tL more. reaWisthe Coquiyafout Qe L-Ze Qalt/day 22 ettoal) . 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