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03 s-Block

Introduction
The s-block elements of the Periodic Table are those in which the last electron enters in the outermost s-
orbital. As the s-orbital can accommodate only two electrons, two groups (1 & 2) belong to the s-block of
the Periodic Table. Group 1 of the Periodic table consists of the elements: lithium, sodium, potassium,
rubidium, cesium and francium. They are collectively known as the alkali metals. They are so called because
they form hydroxides on reaction with water which are strongly alkaline in nature. The elements of Group
2 include Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium and Radium. These elements with the
exception of beryllium are commonly known as the alkaline earth metals. They are so called because their
oxides and hydroxides are alkaline in nature and these metal oxides are found in the earth's crust.
Physical properties of s-Block Elements
The atomic, physical and chemical properties of alkali metals are discussed below.
Atomic and Physical Properties of the Alkaline Metals
Physical properties of s-Block Elements
ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS
Physical state
• One electron in outermost shell & General • Two electrons in outer most shell &
formula ns1. General formula ns2.
• Francium is radioactive element. • Radium is radioactive element.
• All are silvery white • All are silvery white.
• Light soft, malleable and ductile metals with • These metals are harder than alkali metals.
metallic lustre.
ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS
Atomic size
• Largest in their respective period (except • Smaller than IA group elements, since extra
noble gas element) charge on nucleus attracts the electron
• Size increases from Li to Cs due to addition of cloud.
an extra shell. • Size increases gradually from Be to Ba
Li < Na < K < Rb < Cs Be < Mg < Ca < Sr < Ba
IA IIA
Li Be In s-block elements
Na Mg Be has smallest size, while Cs has largest
K Ca size.
↓ ↓
Rb Sr
↓ ↓
Cs Ba
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ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS
Melting point and Boiling point
• Weak interatomic bonds are due to their large • Metallic bond is stronger than IA group due
atomic radii and presence of only one valence to smaller atomic size and two electrons in
electron hence melting point and boiling point valence shell hence melting point and boiling
are low. point are higher.
• Decreasing order of melting point and boiling • Decreasing order of
point is melting point Be > Ca > Sr > Ba > Mg
Li > Na > K > Rb > Cs Boiling point Be > Ba > Ca > Sr > Mg

Melting point & Boiling point  Strength of metallic bond  Number of valence shell e–
ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS
Ionisation energy (I.E.)
• First ionisation energy (I.E.) is very less • First ionisation energy is higher than IA
because of larger atomic size and only one group because of smaller atomic size and
electron in outer most shell. completely filled s-orbital (stable electronic
• Decreasing order of ionisation energy- configuration)
Li > Na > K > Rb > Cs • Decreasing order of ionisation energy–
• Second ionisation energy of alkali metals is Be > Mg > Ca > Sr > Ba
very high because by loosing one electron they • Second ionisation energy is lesser than IA
achieve inert gas configuration. group.

ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS

Oxidation state
• The alkali metals shows only + 1 oxidation • Alkaline earth metal shows +2. Oxidation
state. state.
(difference between IE1 and IE2 > 16eV) (difference between IE1 and IE2 < 11eV)

ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS

Electro positive character or metallic character
• Electropositivity  1/Ionisation energy • Their atomic size is smaller than IA group so
Due to their larger size electron can easily be these are lesser electro positive than IA
removed to form M+ ion. Electro positive group. Electropositivity increases from Be
property increases from Li to Cs. to Ba

ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS

Density (D = M /V)
• In a group atomic volume also increase along • Density increases from Be to Ba
with atomic weight but atomic weight Increasing order of density Ca < Mg < Be < Sr
increases more than atomic volume, so < Ba
density increases from Li to Cs
Increasing order of density Li < K < Na < Rb <
Cs

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s-Block
Exception : Density of K is less than Na. Why ?
Ans. This is due to presence of vacant d-
orbital in the inner shells of K (volume
increases, density decreases)

ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS

Conductivity
• Due to the presence of loosely held valence • These are also good conductor of heat and
electrons which are free to move in a metal electricity due to presence of two free
structure, these elements are good conductor electrons.
of heat and electricity. Conductivity of IA < Conductivity of IIA

ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS

Flame test
• Alkali metals and their salts gives • Due to small size of Be & Mg outer most
characteristic colour to bunsen flame. The electrons are tightly bounded. So not
flame energy causes an excitation of the outer excited to higher level, hence they do not
most electron which on dropping back to give flame test.
ground state emits absorbed energy as a • Other elements gives characteristic colour to
visible light flame
Li - Crimson red; Na - Golden yellow; Ca-Brick red; Sr-Crimson red; Ba-apple
K-Violet; Rb - Red violet; Cs-Blue green

ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS

Photo electric effect
• Atomic size of K, Rb and Cs is quite large, so • These elements do not show this property
their ionisation energy is very low as their atomic size is small hence ionisation
• Due to very low ionisation energy their energy is higher than IA group.
valence shell electrons gets excited even by
absorbing visible light. That's why Cs is used in
photoelectric cells.

ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS

Complex formation tendency
• Only those elements can form complex • Less tendency to form complex compound,
compounds which have but due to small size of cations Be and Mg
(a) Small cation size forms complex compounds like
(b) High charge density Be–(BeF4)–2 ; Mg – Chlorophyll
(c) Vacant orbitals to accept electrons.
• Only Li+ can form complex compound, due to
its small size rest alkali metals have very less
tendency to form complex compounds.

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Chemical properties of s-block elements
Reactivity
• These elements are very reactive, so do not • Less reactive than alkali metals.
found in free state in nature. Order of reactivitity :-
Reactivity  1/Ionisation potential Be < Mg < Ca < Sr < Ba
order of reactivity – Li < Na < K < Rb < Cs

Reaction with air

• Alkali metals gets tarnish in air due to the • Except Be, these metals easily tarnished in
formation of oxide at their surface hence they air.
are kept in kerosene or paraffin wax. • Beryllium in powdered form, burns
• These elements reacts with moist air to form brilliantly on ignition in air.
carbonates • In moist air, except Be all the elements
4Na + O2 → 2Na2O converts into carbonates.
Na2O + H2O → 2NaOH • In dry air all elements of II A give nitride and
(moist) oxide both.
2NaOH + CO2 → Na2CO3 + H2O
(in air)
In dry air only Li gives nitride and oxide both
while other elements gives only oxides.

Reaction with oxygen

Oxide ion [O2–]
: • Alkaline earth metals reacts with O2 to form
• Li forms mainly Li2O (Lithium oxide). 'MO' type oxides
Peroxide [O2 ] :
—2
(M = Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba)
• Na reacts with O2 to form mainly peroxide • In IIA only Ca, Sr, Ba form peroxide.
(Na2O2). Ex. CaO2, SrO2, BaO2
Super oxide [O –] : • BeO shows amphoteric property.
2

• K, Rb and Cs forms MO2 type oxides (super MgO → weak basic

oxides) in excess of oxygen. Super oxides are CaO, SrO & BaO → Strong basic
paramagnetic and coloured. • Basic properties increases from BeO to BaO.
O O O
M ⎯⎯ → M 2O ⎯⎯ → M 2O 2 ⎯⎯ → MO 2
Oxide peroxide super
oxide
(Li2O) (Na2O2) (KO2, RbO2, CsO2)
• Stability order of different oxide of a metal is
due to Lattice Energy
Normal oxide > Peroxide > Superoxide

Reaction with hydrogen

• Alkali metals combine with H2 forming ionic • Except Be all the alkaline metals forms MH2
hydrides type hydrides, (MgH2, CaH2, SrH2, BaH2) on
2M + H2 → 2MH heating directly with H2
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s-Block
• Hydrides of alkali metals are attacked by • BeH2 is prepared by action of BeCl2 with
water to give back hydrogen LiAlH4
MH + H2O → MOH + H2 2BeCl2 + LiAlH4 → 2BeH2 + LiCl + AlCl3
reducing agent
LiH, NaH, KH, RbH, CsH • BeH2 and MgH2 are covalent, other are ionic.
Thermal stability decrease, Basic nature increases

Reaction with water

• Alkali metals react vigorously with water • These metals reacts slowly with water gives
forming hydroxides with the liberation of H2. H2 and metals hydroxides.
2M + 2H2O → 2MOH + H2 M + 2H2O → M(OH)2 + H2
• Reactivity with water increases from Li to Cs. • Be does not reacts with water
Li → least reactive towards water • Mg reacts only with hot water
Na → reacts vigorously • Ca, Sr, Ba reacts with cold water but not as
energetically as alkali metals.
K → reacts producing a flame
• from Be(OH)2 to Ba(OH)2 basic nature
Rb, Cs → reacts explosively.
increases.
• Monoxides gives strongly alkaline solution
with water
M2O + H2O → 2MOH

Halides
• Alkali metals reacts directly with halogen to • Alkaline metals reacts with X (Halogen) to
form MX form MX2.
(M – alkalimetal, X – Halide ion) • Order of Ionic nature
• Ionic nature of MX increases from LiCl to CsCl BeCl2 < MgCl2 < CaCl2 < SrCl2 < BaCl2
• LiCl is covalent in nature (due to polarisation • Hydrolysis tendency of these halides
of Cl– ion by small Li+ ion). hence its tendency decreases from BeCl2 to BaCl2 due to
of hydrolysis is more. decrease in covalent nature.
• K, Rb and Cs halides reacts with more • BeCl2 and MgCl2 are covalent in nature.
halogens to gives polyhalides. BeO + C + Cl2 ⎯⎯
→ BeCl2 + CO
KI + I2 → KI3
CsBr + Br2 → CsBr3

Nitrides
• Only Li reacts directly with N2 to form nitride • All elements of II A burns in N2 to give M3N2
which gives NH3 on reacting with water. (nitrides)
6Li + N2 → 2Li3N For example :
Li3N + 3H2O → 3LiOH + NH3  Be3N2 + 6H2O → 3Be(OH)2 + 2NH3
Mg3N2 + 6H2O → 3Mg(OH)2 + 2NH3

Formation of amalgam
• Alkali metals gives amalgam with Hg. • Shows same properties.
• These metals reacts with other metals to give
mixed metals (alloys)
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Solubility in liquid ammonia
• All the alkali metals dissolves in NH3 (liq.) and • Only Ca, Sr and Ba gives blue solution of
produces blue coloured solution. ammoniated electron.
• The blue colour and reducing nature of • Be and Mg are small in size and have high
solution is due to presence of ammoniated ionisation energy so do not dissolves in
electron. liquid NH3.
• Solution is a good conductor due to presence • Dark blue colour of solution becomes fade
of both ammoniated ion and ammoniated if it is allowed to stand for a long time, it is
electron. because of metal amide formation.
+
Na( s) + ( x + y ) NH 3 → Na ( NH3 ) x  + e ( NH3 ) y 
− 2Na + 2NH3 → 2NaNH2 + H2 
ammoniated ion
 
ammoniated electron
( Sodamide )
• This dilute solution is paramagnetic in nature. Exception  Li forms imide
2Li + NH3 → Li2NH + H2
• On increasing the concentration of metal in
solution, it converts into bronze colour due
to cluster formation of metal ions.

BEGINNER’S BOX-1
1. Which of the following is soluble in organic solvents like ethanol?
(1) LiCl (2) NaCl (3) KCl (4) RbCl
2. Which of the following is the correct order of hydrated radii?
(1) Li+< Na+< K+< Rb+ < Cs+ (2) Rb+< Na+< Li+< Cs+ < K+
(3) Cs+< Rb+< K+< Na+ < Li+ (4) Li+< K+< Na+< Rb+ < Cs+
3. As compared to potassium, sodium has
(1) Lower electronegativity (2) Higher ionization potential
(3) Larger atomic radius (4) Lower melting point
4. Which of the following statement is correct regarding alkali metals
(1) All are black in colour (2) Cation is smaller in size than the parent atom
(3) Size of cation and parent atom is the same (4) Cation is greater in size than the parent atom
5. Which shows golden yellow colour in flame test ?
(1) Li (2) Ca (3) Na (4) Cs
6. Which of the following halides are ionic in nature ?
(1) BaX2 (2) CaX2 (3) SrX2 (4) All of these
7. Which of the following carbonates is the most thermally stable ?
(1) BeCO3 (2) MgCO3 (3) CaCO3 (4) BaCO3
8. Correct order of Hf of alkali metal fluorides
(1) LiF < NaF (2) KF < CsF (3) RbF < CsF (4) LiF > CsF
9. White metal is
(1) Li + Na (2) Li + Pb (3) Li + Mg (4) Na + K
() ()
10. LiNO3 ⎯⎯→ NaNO3 ⎯⎯→
Common paramagnetic gas in the above reactions
(1) O2 (2) N2 (3) NO2 (4) NO
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s-Block
COMPOUNDS OF s-BLOCK ELEMENTS
Sodium chloride NaCl
Occurrence : Sea water is the main source and also found in salt lakes.
Preparation :
Evaporation
(i) Sea water NaCl(2.7 – 2.9%) ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
by solarheat →
crude NaCl
(ii) It contains impurities – Na2SO4, MgCl2, CaCl2 etc.
(iii) Insoluble impurities removed by filtration.
HClgaspassed
(iv) Filtrate ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⎯→ Pure NaCl precipitation (Common ion effect)
(v) MgCl2 and CaCl2 are more soluble in water so left in solution.
Properties :
i. Table salt is slightly hygroscopic due to the presence of magnesium and calcium chlorides in small
amounts.
ii. Reaction with AgNO3
NaCl + AgNO3 → NaNO3 + AgCl(white ppt.)
Uses
i. As a preservative for pickles, meat and fish.
ii. For making freezing mixture with Ice.
Sodium Hydroxide [Caustic Soda(NaOH)]
Manufacture : By electrolysis of NaCl.
(a) Nelson Cell or Diaphragm Cell : The following reactions takes place –

At cathode (Perforated steel) : 2H+ + 2e– → H2(g) At anode (Carbon) : 2Cl–(aq.) → Cl2(g) + 2e–
(b) Castner – Kellner Cell : (Hg – Cathode Process)
Electrolyte (Brine) NaCl Na+ + Cl -
On electrolysis –
At Cathode (Hg)
Na+ + e– → Na and Na + Hg → Na.Hg (amalgam)
At anode (Graphite)
2Cl– → Cl2(g) + 2e– and 2Na.Hg + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2 + 2Hg
Properties :
i. It is deliquescent white crystalline solid.
ii. It absorbs CO2 from air forming Na2CO3.
iii. NaOH is strong base
SiO2
Na2SiO3 + H2O
NaOH
2NaAlO2 + H2O
Al2O3
iv. Reaction with non metals : No reaction with H2, N2 and C
B
Na3BO3 (sodium borate)
NaOH
Na2SiO3 (sodium silicate)
Si
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v. Reaction with Metal :
Alkali metal
No reaction
2Al + 2H2O
2NaAlO2 (Sodium meta aluminate) + H2
Be
Na2BeO2 (Sodium Beryllate) + H2
NaOH Zn
Na2ZnO2 (Sodium zincate) + H2
Sn
Na2SnO2 (Sodium stannite) + H2
Pb
Na2PbO2 (Sodium plumbite) + H2

vi. The hydroxides of aluminium, zinc, lead and tin, however, dissolve in excess of sodium hydroxide
giving clear solution which can also be obtained when these metals are acted upon by the
concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide.

vii. Reaction with ZnCl2 or ZnSO4

(a) (b)

Uses (i) In the manufacture of soap, rayon, dyes, paper and drugs.
(ii) In petroleum refining.

Sodium Bicarbonate or Baking soda (NaHCO3) and Sodium Carbonate or washing

soda [Na2CO3.10H2O]
Preparation : Solvay Process (Commercial Scale)/Ammonia Soda
Process
(i) CaCO3 ⎯⎯→ CaO + CO2
(ii) NH3 + H2O + CO2 ⎯⎯→ NH4HCO3
(iii) NaCl + NH4HCO3 ⎯⎯→ NH4Cl + NaHCO3 (ppt)
(iv) Sodium carbonate is prepared by heating of NaHCO3

2NaHCO3 ⎯⎯→ Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
(v) 2NH4Cl + CaO ⎯⎯→ + 2NH3 + H2O

Note: Potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) cannot be prepared by Solvay process as it is more soluble in water
as compared to NaHCO3.
Properties of NaHCO3 :
(i) Hydrolysis NaHCO3 + H O 2 NaOH + H2CO3
(ii) Effect of heat (temp. > 100°C) 2NaHCO3 ⎯⎯→ Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
(iii) Reaction with acids – gives CO2 NaHCO3 + HCl ⎯⎯→ NaCl + H2O + CO2
(iv) Reaction with bases NaHCO3 + NaOH ⎯⎯→Na2CO3 + H2O
Note: Reaction (iii) and (iv) explain amphoteric behaviour of NaHCO . 3

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s-Block
Properties of Na2CO3
(i) Efflorescence :
Na2CO3.10H2O when exposed to air it gives out nine out of ten H2O molecules.
Na2CO3.10H2O Na2CO3.H2O + 9H2O
(Monohydrate)
This process is called efflorescence. Hence washing soda loses weight on exposure to air.
(ii) Hydrolysis :Aqueous solution of Na2CO3 is alkaline in nature due to anionic hydrolysis.
Na2CO3 2Na+ + CO3–2 and CO3–2 + H2O H2CO3 + 2OH–
(Carbonic acid)
Uses of NaHCO3
i. In the preparation of baking powder.
ii. In the preparation of effervescent drinks.
iii. In the fire extinguishers.
iv. As antacid medicine (removing acidity)
Uses of Na2CO3
i. For making fusion mixture (Na2CO3 + K2CO3)
ii. In the manufacture of glass, caustic soda, soap powders etc.
iii. In laundries and softening of water.
Calcium Oxide [Quick lime (CaO)]
Preparation : By heating limestone at 8000C.
800°C
CaCO3 CaO + CO2
Properties :
(i) Action of water : CaO + H2O ⎯⎯
→ Ca(OH)2
(quick lime) (Slaked lime)
Ca(OH)2 Solution in water is called lime water.
Ca(OH)2 Suspension in water is called milk of lime
(ii) Basic Nature :

(Calcium phosphate)
(iii) Reaction with carbon :

Uses of CaO :
(i) In the manufacture of bleaching powder, cement, glass, calcium carbide etc.
(ii) In the purification of sugar
(iii) As a drying agent for NH3 and C2H5OH
(iv) As basic lining in furnaces
(v) For making Soda lime [NaOH + CaO]

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Calcium hydroxide [Slaked lime Ca(OH)2]
Preparation : By the action of water on quick lime
CaO + H2O ⎯⎯→ Ca(OH)2 + heat (slaking of lime)
Properties of Ca(OH)2
(i) Action of CO2 : Lime water turns milky on passing CO2 gas.

CaCO3 
⎯⎯ → CaCO3

(ii) Action of Chlorine :

2Ca ( OH ) 2 + 2Cl2 → CaCl2 + Ca ( OCl ) 2 + 2H2O
Bleaching powder

Uses of Ca(OH)2
(i) For softening of hard water.
(ii) For purification of sugar and Coal gas.
(iii) In the manufacture of bleaching powder, Caustic soda and soda lime
(iv) In preparation of mortar, plaster and white washing.
Calcium Sulphate [Gypsum CaSO4.2H2O]
Preparation : CaSO4.2H2O is naturally occuring calcium sulphate. It can be obtained by the action of
dil.H2SO4 on a soluble calcium salt below 600C.

Properties of Gypsum
(i) Action of heat :

(ii) It forms an important fertilizer (NH4)2SO4

CaSO4 + 2NH3 + CO2 + H2O ⎯⎯⎯→ CaCO3  + (NH4)2 SO4
Uses of Gypsum
(i) In the preparation of plaster of paris
(ii) Anhydrous CaSO4 used as drying agent.
(iii) Anhydrite (CaSO4) is used for manufacture of sulphuric acid, ammonium sulphate.
1
Plaster of Paris [P.O.P.] 2(CaSO4).H2O or CaSO4. H2O
2
Preparation : It is obtained when gypsum is heated at 1200C

Properties of POP
(i) It is a white powder.
(ii) It has the property of setting to a hard mass when a paste with water is allowed to stand aside for
sometime.
(iii) When it is heated at 2000C, anhydrous CaSO4 is formed.
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s-Block
Uses of POP
(i) In surgery for setting broken bones.
(ii) In making casts for toys, statues etc.
(iii) In making blackboard chalks.
Portland Cement
It is a light grey, heavy fine powder, It is a homogenous mixture of silicates and aluminates of calcium,
which form more than 90% of the cement are –
(i) Tricalcium silicate - 3CaO.SiO2
(ii) Dicalcium silicate (slowest setting component) - 2CaO.SiO2
(iii) Tricalcium aluminate (fastest setting component) - 3CaO.Al2O3
(iv) Tetracalcium alummino ferrite - 4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3
Important Points :-
(i) Composition of Cement For high quality
CaO(61.5%) SiO2(22.5%)

Fe2O3(2.O%) Al2O3(7.5%)
Cement
KO2(1.5%) 100% MgO(2.5%)

SO3(1.5%) Na2O(1.5%)
(ii) Raw Materials
• Lime Stone – It provides CaO
• Clay – It provides Al2O3 and silica (SiO2)
• Gypsum – CaSO4·2H2O
(iii) Setting of cement : When water is mixed to cement and the mixture is left it becomes very hard.
This property of cement is called setting.
(iv) Mortar : It is a mixture of cement, sand and water to give a proper consistency.
(v) Concrete : A mixture of cement, Sand gravel and water is known as concrete.
(vi) Reinforced concrete cement (RCC) : When concrete is filled in beams made of iron bars, it is
called RCC. Iron imparts extra strength to the structure.
Biological role of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium
(From Biology portion)
Normally % of abundance in human body – K > Na > Fe > Cu

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BEGINNER’S BOX-2

1. Potassium carbonate cannot be made by the Solvay process because

(1) Potassium hydrogen carbonate is unstable
(2) Potassium hydrogen carbonate is rather too soluble in water to be precipitated
(3) Potassium carbonate is insoluble in water
(4) Potassium carbonate is soluble in water
2. Plaster of Paris, a white powder, is–
1
(1) CaSO4.2H2O (2) CaSO4 . H2O (3) CaSO4 (4) CaSO4. H2O
2
3. Which of the following is incorrect?
(1) Cement containing no iron is white.
(2) Cement containing excess amount of lime cracks during setting.
(3) Setting of cement is an endothermic process.
(4) Setting of cement is an example of hydration.
4. On passing excess of CO2 in lime water, its milky appearance disappears because -
(1) Soluble Ca(OH)2 is formed (2) Soluble Ca(HCO3)2 is formed
(3) Reaction becomes reversible (4) Calcium compound evaporated
5. In the preparation of sodium carbonate which of the following is used –
(1) Slaked lime (2) Lime stone (3) Lime (4) Quick lime
6. When chlorine is passed slow over dry slaked lime Ca(OH)2 at room temperature, the main product
is
(1) CaCl2 (2) CaOCl2 (3) Ca(ClO2)2 (4) Ca(OCl)2
7. Identify the correct statement -
(1) Gypsum contains a lower percentage of Ca than plaster of paris
(2) Gypsum is obtained by heating plaster of paris
(3) Plaster of paris can be obtained by hydration of gypsum
(4) Plaster of paris is obtained by partial oxidation of gypsum
8. Quick lime is prepared on a commercial scale by heating _____ in a rotary kiln at 1070 – 1270 K.
(1) CaSO4 (2) Ca(NO3)2 (3) CaCO3 (4) Ca(OH)2
9. Ca2+ ions play an important role in
(i) Neuromuscular function (ii) Interneuronal transmission
(iii) Cell membrane integrity (iv) Blood coagulation
(1) (i), (ii) (2) (ii), (iii) (3) (ii), (iii), (iv) (4) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
10. Be, Mg are colorless since
(1) High electron affinity of electron cannot be excited by flame
(2) High ionisation protential of electron cannot be excited by flame
(3) Low ionisation protential of electron cannot be excited by flame
(4) Low electron affinity of electron cannot be excited by flame

BEGINNER’S BOX ANSWERS KEY

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
BEGINNER'S BOX-1
Ans. 1 3 2 2 3 4 4 4 2 1

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
BEGINNER'S BOX-2
Ans. 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 3 4 2

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