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If Statement

The document explains the 'if' statement in C programming, detailing its syntax, functionality, and variations such as 'if-else' and 'if-else-if' ladders. It includes examples to illustrate how these statements work and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using 'if' statements. The content serves as a guide for understanding decision-making in C programming.

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3 views17 pages

If Statement

The document explains the 'if' statement in C programming, detailing its syntax, functionality, and variations such as 'if-else' and 'if-else-if' ladders. It includes examples to illustrate how these statements work and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using 'if' statements. The content serves as a guide for understanding decision-making in C programming.

Uploaded by

mskr860631
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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If Statement

Md Shafiuzzaman
Lecturer, Dept. of CSE, NBIU
If Statement
The if in C is a decision-making statement that is used to execute a block
of code based on the value of the given expression. It is one of the core
concepts of C programming and is used to include conditional code in our
program.

Syntax of if Statement in C:
Relational operators
if(condition) are used here
{
// if body
// Statements to execute if condition is true
}
How if in C works?
The working of the if statement in C is as
follows:

STEP 1: When the program control comes


to the if statement, the test expression is
evaluated.
STEP 2A: If the condition is true, the
statements inside the if block are executed.
STEP 2B: If the expression is false, the
statements inside the if body are not
executed.
STEP 3: Program control moves out of the if
block and the code after the if block is
executed.
Flowchart If Body
Example of If
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number;
printf("Enter an integer: ");
scanf("%d", &number);
if (number > 0)
{
printf("%d is a positive number.",number);
}

return 0;
}
if...else statement
An if statement can be followed by
an optional else statement, which
executes when the Boolean
expression is false.
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number;
printf("Enter an integer: ");
scanf("%d", &number);
if (number%2 == 0) {
printf("%d is an even integer.",number);
}
else {
printf("%d is an odd integer.",number);
}
return 0;
}
if-else-if Ladder
• The if else if statements are used when the user
has to decide among multiple options.
• The C if statements are executed from the top if (condition)
down. As soon as one of the conditions controlling statement;
the if is true, the statement associated with that if else if (condition)
is executed, and the rest of the C else-if ladder is statement;
bypassed. .
• If none of the conditions is true, then the final else .
statement will be executed. else
• if-else-if ladder is similar to the switch statement. statement;
if….
else if
Ladder
if-else-if Ladder
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number;
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d", &number);
if (number > 0) {
printf("The number is positive.\n");
}
else if (number < 0) {
printf("The number is negative.\n"); }
else {
printf("The number is zero.\n"); }
return 0;
}
Start

This is a nested concept: Condition inside


other conditions.
Nested if….else
#include <stdio.h>
A nested if in C is an if int main()
statement that is the target of {
another if statement. Nested if int i = 10;
if (i > 5) {
statements mean an if
if (i == 10)
statement inside another if printf(“Equal to 10\n");
statement. Yes, C allow us to if (i < 10)
nested if statements within if printf(“Smaller than 10 too\n");
statements, i.e, we can place else
an if statement inside another printf(“Greater than 10");
}
if statement.
return 0;
}
Nested
if….
else
Advantage & Disadvantage
Advantages of if Statement
➢ It is the simplest decision-making statement.
➢ It is easy to use and understand.
➢ It can evaluate expressions of all types such as int, char, bool, etc.

Disadvantages of if Statement
➢ It contains only a single block. In case when there are multiply related if
blocks, all the blocks will be tested even when the matching if block is found
at the start.
➢ When there are a large number of expressions, the code of the if block gets
complex and unreadable.
➢ It is slower for a large number of conditions.

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