Computer Science

Unit # 1
Solve Exercise
Multiple Choice Questions With Answers

1. What is the primary function of a system?

a) To work independently
b) To achieve a common goal ✅
c) To create new systems
d) To provide entertainment
2. What is one of the fundamental concepts of any system?
a) Its size
b) Its objective ✅
c) Its age
d) Its price
3. What is an example of a simple system?
a) A human body
b) A computer network
c) A thermostat regulating temperature ✅
d) The Internet
4. What type of environment remains unchanged unless the system provides an
output?
a) Dynamic
b) Static ✅
c) Deterministic
d) Non-deterministic
5. What are the basic components of a system?
a) Users, hardware, software
b) Objectives, components, environment, communication ✅
c) Inputs, outputs, processes
d) Sensors, actuators, controllers
6. What concept does the theory of systems aim to understand?
a) Hardware design
b) System interactions and development over time ✅
c) Software applications
d) Network security
7. What role does the Operating System (OS) play in a computer?
a) It performs calculations and executes instructions
b) It temporarily stores data and instructions for the CPU ✅
c) It receives input from interface components and decides what to do with it
d) It provides long-term storage of data and software
8. Which of the following describes the Von Neumann architecture's main
characteristic?
a) Separate memory for data and instructions
 b) Parallel execution of instructions
c) Single memory store for both program instructions and data ✅
d) Multiple CPUs for different tasks
9. What is a disadvantage of the Von Neumann architecture?
a) Complex design due to separate memory spaces
b) Difficult to modify programs stored in memory
c) Bottleneck due to single memory space for instructions and data ✅
d) Lack of flexibility in executing instructions
10. Which of the following transports data inside a
computer among different components?
a) Control Unit
b) System Bus ✅
c) Memory
d) Processor

Short Questions

1. Define a system. What are its basic components?

A system is a group of parts that work together to do a task. Its basic components are
input, process, and output.

2. Differentiate between natural and artificial systems.

Natural systems are made by nature (like the solar system), and artificial systems are
made by humans (like a computer system).

3. Describe the main components of a computer system.

The main components are hardware, software, and users.(see short detail from book)

4. List and describe the types of computing systems.

(see short detail from book)

1. Personal Computers (PCs) – for personal use

2. Servers – for managing network resources
3. Mainframes – for big organizations
4. Supercomputers – for complex tasks and fast calculations

5. What are the main components of the Von Neumann architecture?

1. Memory
2. Control Unit
3. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
4. Input/Output devices (see short detail from book)

6. What is the Von Neumann computer architecture? List its key components.
It is a computer design model where the program and data are stored in the same
memory.
Key components: Memory, ALU, Control Unit, Input/Output
7. What are the four main steps in the Von Neumann architecture's instruction
cycle?

(see short detail of these point from book)

1. Fetch
2. Decode
3. Execute
4. Store

8. What is the Von Neumann bottleneck?

It is a delay that happens because data and instructions use the same path to reach the
processor.

9. What is a key advantage of the Von Neumann architecture?

It allows both data and instructions to be stored in the same memory, making it easier
to program.

10. What are the three main requirements for a computing system to function?

(See short details from book)

Hardware

Software

Users

Long questions.

1. Define
and describe the concept of a system. Explain the fundamental
components, objectives, environment, and methods of communication within a
system.

A system is a set of parts that work together to achieve a goal. These parts are
connected and depend on each other.

Fundamental components of a system:

Input: The data or materials that go into the system.

Process: The actions that the system performs to convert input to output.

Output: The final result or product.

Feedback: Helps to improve the system by checking the output.

Control: Ensures the system works properly.

Objectives: Every system has a goal or purpose, like solving a problem or completing
a task.

Environment: A system exists within an environment that can affect it (like power
supply, users, etc.).

Communication: Systems communicate through signals, data, or instructions

between their components.

2. Differentiate between natural and artificial systems. Discuss their

characteristics, functions, and purposes with relevant examples.

Natural systems are made by nature. Example: human body, solar system.

Artificial systems are made by humans. Example: computer system, water

supply system.

Characteristics:

Natural systems are automatic and self-operating.

Artificial systems need to be designed and maintained by humans.

Functions and Purposes:

Natural systems function to support life and nature (like weather system).

Artificial systems are designed to solve specific problems or perform tasks

(like traffic light system).

2. Examine the relationship between systems and different branches of science,

including natural science, design science, and computer science. How do these
branches utilize system theory? Provide specific examples.

System theory helps in understanding how different parts work together in a system.

Natural Science: Uses system theory to study the environment and human
body. Example: In biology, the digestive system is a system of organs that
process food.

Design Science: Uses system theory to create solutions. Example: Designing a

city’s water system.

Computer Science: Uses system theory in building computer systems.

Example: A computer system has input, processing, and output working
together.

Each branch uses system theory to improve understanding, create better designs, and
solve problems efficiently.
4. Explore the different types of computing systems such as computers, software
systems, computer networks, and the internet.
Types of computing systems:

Computers: Devices used to input, process, and output data. Example:

desktops, laptops.

Software systems: Programs that run on computers. Example: Windows, MS

Word.

Computer networks: Group of connected computers that share data and

resources. Example: LAN, WAN.

Internet: A global network that connects millions of computers to share

information.

Each system plays an important role in storing, processing, and sharing data in our
daily life.

5. Describe the main characteristics of a computer as a system, including its

objectives, components, and interactions among these components.

A computer is a system that processes data and gives results.

Objectives: To perform tasks like calculations, typing, drawing, browsing, etc.

Main Components:

Input Devices: Like keyboard and mouse (used to enter data)

Processor (CPU): The brain of the computer that processes data

Memory: Stores data and instructions

Output Devices: Like monitor and printer (show results)

Storage Devices: Like hard disk and USB (save data for future)

Interactions:
All these parts work together. For example, when we type using a keyboard (input),
the CPU processes the text, stores it in memory, and shows it on the screen (output).

6. Explain the Von Neumann architecture of a computer. Include a

discussion on the main components, their functions, and the step-by-step
process of how the architecture operates.
 Von Neumann Architecture is a model where data and instructions are stored in
the same memory.

Main Components:

Memory Unit: Stores data and instructions

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Does calculations and logic

Control Unit: Manages the flow of data and instructions

Input/Output Devices: Enter data and display results

Step-by-step process (Instruction Cycle):

Fetch: The control unit gets instruction from memory.

Decode: It understands the instruction.

Execute: ALU carries out the instruction.

Store: Result is stored in memory or sent to output.

This model made computers more efficient and easier to program.

7. Provide
a detailed explanation of how a computer interacts with its
environment. Include examples of user input, network communication, and
power supply.

A computer interacts with its environment through input, processing, output,

communication, and power.

User Input: Devices like keyboard, mouse, and microphone are used to give
data to the computer. Example: Typing a document.

Network Communication: Computers connect through the internet or LAN

to share data. Example: Sending emails or chatting online.

Power Supply: Powers the computer. Without it, no components will work.

Each of these interactions helps the computer perform tasks efficiently and connect
with users and other systems.
8. Describe the process of retrieving and displaying a file using a computer,
based on the interactions among different components. Provide a step-by-step
explanation of how input is processed, data is transferred, and results are
displayed on the screen.

Step-by-step process:(See more detail on book)

Input: The user clicks on a file using the mouse.

Processing: The control unit sends a request to the storage device.

Data Transfer: The file is read from the storage and sent to memory.

Execution: The CPU processes the file and prepares it for display.

Output: The content of the file is shown on the monitor.

Each part of the system works together to retrieve, process, and display the file
properly.