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Cor M1103

The document contains solutions to exercises from a partial exam for the Faculty of Sciences V at the Lebanese University for the academic year 2018-2019. It covers topics such as properties of invertible and nilpotent matrices, matrix rank, and determinants, along with specific calculations and proofs. Each exercise is detailed with mathematical reasoning and results, demonstrating the application of linear algebra concepts.

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12 views2 pages

Cor M1103

The document contains solutions to exercises from a partial exam for the Faculty of Sciences V at the Lebanese University for the academic year 2018-2019. It covers topics such as properties of invertible and nilpotent matrices, matrix rank, and determinants, along with specific calculations and proofs. Each exercise is detailed with mathematical reasoning and results, demonstrating the application of linear algebra concepts.

Uploaded by

aliakika717
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lebanese University Correction of the partial exam 2018-2019

Faculty of Sciences V M1103

Exercise 1

i. We have A is invertible, then A−1 .A = In


AB = (0) ⇒ A−1 AB = (0) ⇒ In .B = (0) ⇒ B = (0).
ii. If AB + BA = (0), then:
We multiply by A on the right, we obtain: ABA + BA2 = (0) ⇔ ABA = −BA2
We multiply by B on the left, we obtain: BAB + B 2 A = (0) ⇔ −BAB = B 2 A
So ABA − BAB = B 2 A − BA2 .
iii. Let A and B be two nilpotent matrices, then ∃ k, ` ∈ N such that Ak = (0) and B ` = (0).
Let n = k + `, by the binomial formula, we have:
n
X n
X n
X n
X n
X
(A + B)n = Cni Ai B n−i = Cni Ai B n−i + Cni Ai B n−i = Cni Ai (0) + Cni 0B n−i = (0)
i=0 i6k i>k i6k i>k

In fact, i 6 k ⇔ n − i > ` and B n−i = (0), and k > i implies Ak = (0)


So (A + B) is nilpotent.

Exercise 2
   
1 2 1 −1 1 2 1 −1
Ma,b =  3 0 1 0  −→  0 −6 −2 3 
a b 0 1 0 b − 2a −a 1 + a
First of all, the rank of a matrix M is the number of non zero rows in a row echelon form of M .
if rk (Ma,b ) = 2, then R2 and R3 are proportionnal, since R1 and R2 are not proportionnals.
Let R2 = R3 , we have: 
1+a=3 
 a=2


−a = −2

⇔ a=2
b − 2a = −6
b = −2

 
0=0

So for a = 2, b = −2, rk (M2,−2 ) = 2.

Exercise 3
 
n1 n
a) Hypothesis: ∀n > 1, A = ?
0 1 
1 1 1
For n = 1, We have A = A = .
0 1
So it’s true for n = 1.
Suppose that the property is true up to n − 1, let’s show it for n:
     
n n−1 1 n−1 1 1 1 n
A = A .A = . = .
0 1 0 1 0 1
So it’s true for n. Therefore it’s true ∀n > 1
b) ∀n > 1, det(B n ) = det(B)n = (−3)n .
 
−1 1 −3 −2
c) Since det(B) = −3 6= 0 then B is invertible. B = det(B)
.
0 1
 
1 1 1 2
 0 1 0 −3 
d) Let C = 
 0
.
0 1 2 
0 0 0 3

i. The matrix C is in row echelon form, since: C 6= (0) and,


The number of non zero rows of C equal 4, and they are the first four rows.
∀1 6 i 6 4, the leading entries are: c11 = 1, c22 = 1, c33 = 1, c44 = −3, and 1 < 2 < 3 < 4.
ii.  
1 1 1 2 | 1 0
0 0
 0 1 0 −3 | 0 1
0 0 
(C|I4 ) −→R4 → 1 R4   −→R2 →R2 +3R4 ,R3 →R3 −2R4
3  0 0 1 2 | 0 0
1 0 
0 0 0 1 | 0 0 13
0
   
1 1 1 2 | 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 | 1 −1 −1 −1
 0 1 0 0 | 0 1 0 1   0 1 0 0 | 0 1 0 1 
−2  −→R1 →R1 −R2 −R3 −2R4  −2 
   
 0 0 1 0 | 0 0 1 3
0 0 1 0 | 0 0 1 3
1 1
0 0 0 1 | 0 0 0 3
0 0 0 1 | 0 0 0 3
 
1 −1 −1 −1
 0 1 0 1 
So C −1 = 0 −2 .

0 1 3
1
0 0 0 3

iii. Tr(C −1 ) = the sum of all diagonal entries of the matrix C −1 = 10


3

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