QUESTION BANK

UNIT – II

1. Discuss image enhancement with some applications.

2. Explain point-wise intensity transformations and write short notes on: (i) log transformation (ii) power
law transform
3. Display the histogram of color channels of an image before and after log transformation. Enumerate the
observations.
4. Display the histogram of color channels of an image before and after power law transformation.
Enumerate the observations.
5. Describe contrast stretching with examples. Write Python code for contrast stretching and displaying the
histogram of the color channels. List the observations.
6. Explain halftoning and its applications. Compare with thresholding.
7. Write Python code for thresholding an image with a fixed threshold. List the observations when the
threshold is varied.
8. Write Python code for halftoning of images. List the observations when the threshold is varied.
9. Discuss Floyd-Steinberg dithering with error diffusion. Compare this with halftoning and
thresholding.
10. Write Python code for Floyd-Steinberg dithering with error diffusion. List the observations when the
threshold is varied.
11. Describe contrast stretching using histogram equalization.
12. For the given example image, perform histogram equalization and draw the histogram before and
after processing. Mention the observation.
4 1 3 2
3 1 1 1
[ ]
0 1 5 2
1 1 2 2
13. For the given example image, perform histogram equalization and draw the histogram before and
after processing. Mention the observation.
6 2 3 4 5
5 5 6 7 5
5 6 4 8 6
4 7 4 3 4
[8 5 6 6 7]
14. For the given example image, perform histogram equalization and draw the histogram before and
after processing. Mention the observation.
1 8 4 3 4
1 1 1 7 8
8 8 3 3 1
2 2 1 5 2
[1 1 8 5 2]
15. Write Python code for performing histogram equalization and adaptive histogram equalization. Compare
the histograms before and after processing the images.
16. Explain histogram matching with examples.
17. Write Python code for performing histogram matching and compare the performance.
18. Write Python codes for the following: (i) Smoothing with box blur kernel (ii) Smoothing with Gaussian
blur filter. Compare the smoothing performance of these kernels.
19. Explain non-linear smoothing and write Python code for the same. Compare the performance with linear
smoothing with an example.
20. Write Python codes for (i) Median filter (ii) Max and min filter. List the observations.
21. Explain bilateral filter with its limitations and applications.
22. Write Python code for bilateral filter with different values of standard deviation. List the observations.
23. Describe non-local means denoising algorithm with an example.
24. Write Python code for non-local means denoising algorithm. List the observations.
25. Explain the image enhancement algorithm using derivatives with examples.
26. Convolve the matrix 6 x 6 matrix with the 3 x 3 filter and list the steps involved and the observations.
3 0 1 2 7 4
1 5 8 9 3 1
1 1 1
2 7 2 5 1 3
[0 0 0]
0 1 3 1 7 8
−1 −1 −1
4 2 1 6 2 8
[2 4 4 2 3 9]
27. Convolve the matrix 6 x 6 matrix with the 3 x 3 filter and list the steps involved and the observations.
10 10 10 0 0 0
10 10 10 0 0 0
1 0 −1
10 10 10 0 0 0
[1 0 −1]
10 10 10 0 0 0
1 0 −1
10 10 10 0 0 0
[10 10 10 0 0 0]
28. Describe gradient and Laplacian operators. Compare their performance for enhancing images.
29. Write Python code to compute the gradient and plot the x and y components of the gradient vector for
the first row and first column of the “chessboard” image.
30. Write Python code to compute the Laplacian of an image. List the observations.
31. Explain sharpening and unsharp masking with an example.
32. Write Python code for sharpening an image with a Laplacian operator.
33. Write Python code for sharpening an image using unsharp masking. Discuss the observations.
34. Describe edge detection using derivatives and Sobel filter. Find the magnitude and direction of the
gradient vector for the image
38 66 65
[14 35 64]
12 15 42
35. Explain the Canny edge detection algorithm.
36. Write Python code for the following edge detectors: (i) Prewitt (ii) Roberts (iii) Sobel (iv) Scharr (v)
Laplace
37. Describe LoG filters. Write Python code for the same and compare the performance for different values
of standard deviation.
38. Explain the Marr-Hildreth edge detection algorithm using zero crossing.
39. Explain how Gaussian and Laplacian pyramids are employed for blending images.