a. What is the use of CloudWatch in Amazon EC2?
CloudWatch is a monitoring tool in AWS. It tracks metrics like CPU usage, memory, and disk usage for
EC2 instances. It also provides alerts when there is an issue.
Diagram:
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+------------------+
| CloudWatch |
+------------------+
+------------------+
| Monitors EC2 |
| Metrics |
+------------------+
b. Discuss cloud security challenges.
1. Data Breach: Unauthorized access to sensitive information.
2. Data Loss: Risk of losing data due to failure or attacks.
3. Insecure APIs: Weak interfaces can be exploited.
4. Multi-Tenancy: Shared environments increase risks.
c. Compare parallel computing and distributed computing.
Feature Parallel Computing Distributed Computing
Tasks run simultaneously on multiple processors in Tasks distributed across multiple
Definition
one system. systems.
Dependency Closely connected processors. Loosely connected systems.
Example Supercomputers Cloud networks.
d. Define security issues in the cloud.
1. Unauthorized Access: Intruders gaining access to data.
2. Data Leaks: Exposing data during transfer or storage.
3. Weak Identity Management: Poor controls on user access.
e. Express the levels of virtualization.
1. Hardware Virtualization: Creates virtual machines on hardware.
2. OS Virtualization: Runs multiple user environments on a single OS.
3. Application Virtualization: Applications work independently of the OS.
f. List the functional models of GAE (Google App Engine).
1. Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
2. Auto-scaling
3. Built-in security
4. Deployment tools for apps.
g. Explain the cloud computing reference model with a diagram.
Diagram:
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+-----------------------+
| SaaS Layer | Applications (e.g., Gmail)
+-----------------------+
| PaaS Layer | Tools for developers
+-----------------------+
| IaaS Layer | Servers and storage
+-----------------------+
h. List the requirements of a cloud application.
1. Scalability
2. Fault tolerance
3. High availability
4. Security
i. Differentiate Public cloud and Private cloud.
Feature Public Cloud Private Cloud
Ownership Shared by multiple users. Dedicated to one user.
Cost Lower Higher
Security Less secure Highly secure
j. What do you mean by Events Management?
Event management refers to monitoring and responding to system events (e.g., errors, logs) to
ensure smooth operation.
SECTION B: Detailed Questions (10 marks each)
2a. Demand-Driven and Event-Driven Resource Provisioning
1. Demand-Driven Provisioning: Resources are allocated or removed dynamically based on
user demands.
Example: Adding more servers during high website traffic.
2. Event-Driven Provisioning: Resources are allocated in response to specific events.
Example: Resources provisioned when a user uploads a video.
2b. What is Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)? How does it support cloud computing?
SOA is a design principle where applications are built as independent services.
Each service performs a specific task.
Services communicate using protocols like HTTP.
SOA in Cloud:
Helps in developing modular and reusable services.
Makes integration easier across platforms.
2c. Services provided by Amazon Infrastructure Cloud:
1. Compute: EC2 (Virtual servers), AWS Lambda (Serverless computing).
2. Storage: S3 (Object storage), EBS (Block storage).
3. Networking: VPC (Virtual Private Cloud), CloudFront (Content delivery).
2d. Cloud Computing Reference Architecture
Diagram:
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+---------------------+
| User Layer | Interface for end-users
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| Service Layer | SaaS, PaaS, IaaS
+---------------------+
| Resource Layer | Physical servers and storage
+---------------------+
2e. Difference Between Process Virtual Machines, Host VMMs, and Native VMMs
Type Example Performance
Process Virtual Machines JVM (Java Virtual Machine) Application-specific, slower.
Host VMMs VMware Workstation Moderate, depends on OS.
Native VMMs VMware ESXi High, runs directly on hardware.
SECTION C: Advanced Questions
3a. Elaborate HDFS concepts with suitable illustrations.
HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System):
Blocks: Divides data into smaller chunks.
Replication: Keeps multiple copies for fault tolerance.
Diagram:
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| NameNode | Metadata management
+-----------------+
/ | \
Data1 Data2 Data3 <-- DataNodes storing file blocks
3b. Innovative Characteristics of Cloud Computing
1. On-demand self-service: Users can access resources anytime.
2. Broad network access: Accessible via internet on any device.
3. Resource pooling: Shared infrastructure for multiple users.
4. Elasticity: Auto-scale resources based on demand.
5. Measured Service: Pay-as-you-go model.
4a. Risks from Multi-Tenancy
Data Breaches: Shared resources increase the chance of data leaks.
Performance Issues: One user's workload can impact others.
4b. Difference Between Web Services and APIs
Web Services: Use HTTP to enable communication between applications.
APIs: Broader, used for accessing functionalities in any platform.
Let me know if you'd like any specific part explained further!
4o
You said:
solve queston number 5,6,7
ChatGPT said:
ChatGPT
Here are the solutions for Questions 5, 6, and 7 from SECTION C:
Question 5
5a. Describe the major cloud features of Google Application Engine (GAE).
Google App Engine (GAE) is a Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) offering by Google that allows developers
to build and deploy scalable applications.
Key Features:
1. Automatic Scaling: GAE automatically adjusts resources (e.g., instances, storage) based on
traffic and workload.
2. Built-in Services:
o Datastore: A NoSQL database for storing structured data.
o Memcache: For caching frequently accessed data.
o Task Queues: For managing background tasks.
3. Multi-Language Support: Supports languages like Python, Java, Go, Node.js, and more.
4. Managed Environment: Developers focus on code without worrying about infrastructure.
5. Integrated Monitoring: Tools like Stackdriver for logging and debugging.
Diagram: GAE Architecture
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+------------+ +------------------+ +---------------+
| Frontend | ----> | App Services | ----> | Datastore |
+------------+ +------------------+ +---------------+
5b. Analyze the pros and cons of virtualization in detail.
Virtualization allows creating multiple virtual environments on a single physical system.
Advantages:
1. Efficient Resource Utilization: Maximizes hardware usage by running multiple VMs.
2. Cost Savings: Reduces the need for additional physical machines.
3. Scalability: New VMs can be added or removed based on requirements.
4. Isolation: Each VM operates independently, improving security.
5. Disaster Recovery: Easy to create backups and restore VMs.
Disadvantages:
1. Performance Overhead: Virtualization adds an extra layer, which may slow down
performance.
2. High Initial Cost: Setting up virtualization infrastructure can be expensive.
3. Security Risks: Vulnerabilities in hypervisors may lead to attacks.
4. Complex Management: Managing multiple VMs requires expertise.
Question 6
6a. Illustrate any five web services of Amazon in detail.
1. Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service):
o Object storage service for storing and retrieving data.
o Use Case: Backup and archive solutions.
2. Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud):
o Provides scalable virtual servers for computing needs.
o Use Case: Hosting websites and applications.
3. Amazon RDS (Relational Database Service):
o Managed relational database service (supports MySQL, PostgreSQL, etc.).
o Use Case: Running scalable databases without maintenance overhead.
4. AWS Lambda:
o Serverless computing that executes code in response to events.
o Use Case: Running code for backend services without provisioning servers.
5. Amazon CloudFront:
o A Content Delivery Network (CDN) that delivers data with low latency.
o Use Case: Speeding up the delivery of websites and media files.
Diagram: AWS Web Services Overview
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| Amazon S3 | Storage
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| Amazon EC2 | Compute
+------------------+
| Amazon RDS | Database
+------------------+
| AWS Lambda | Serverless
+------------------+
| CloudFront | CDN
+------------------+
6b. Principles for Designing Public, Private, and Hybrid Clouds
1. Public Cloud:
o Designed for shared infrastructure.
o Principles: Multi-tenancy, cost-effectiveness, and scalability.
2. Private Cloud:
o Dedicated to a single organization.
o Principles: Enhanced security, full control over resources, and compliance.
3. Hybrid Cloud:
o Combines public and private clouds.
o Principles: Seamless integration, data portability, and flexibility.
Diagram: Hybrid Cloud Design
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+------------------+ +------------------+
| Private Cloud | <-----> | Public Cloud |
+------------------+ +------------------+
\ /
\ /
+----------------------+
| Hybrid Cloud |
+----------------------+
Question 7
7a. Describe Google Cloud Infrastructure and GAE Architecture.
Google Cloud Infrastructure:
1. Compute Services: Google Compute Engine (virtual machines).
2. Storage Services: Google Cloud Storage, Persistent Disks.
3. Networking: Google Cloud Load Balancer for distributing traffic.
GAE Architecture:
Frontend: Handles HTTP requests from users.
App Services: Contains business logic of the application.
Datastore: Stores structured application data.
7b. What is Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)? How does it support cloud computing?
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA):
SOA is an architectural style where applications are built as independent services.
Key Features:
1. Loose Coupling: Services operate independently.
2. Reusability: Services can be reused across applications.
3. Interoperability: Services communicate using standard protocols (e.g., HTTP, SOAP).
SOA in Cloud Computing:
Enables seamless integration of cloud-based services.
Simplifies application deployment and scaling
