Scribd
Upload
6 views2 pages

Lab 1

The document outlines an experiment focused on basic logic gates including AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XOR, along with their representations through truth tables and Boolean algebra. It provides a list of necessary equipment, explains the theory behind logic gates and combinational logic, and details the pin configuration of integrated circuits. Additionally, it includes a section on practical applications and calculations for using multiple logic gates in circuits.

Uploaded by

i4658764
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views2 pages

Lab 1

The document outlines an experiment focused on basic logic gates including AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XOR, along with their representations through truth tables and Boolean algebra. It provides a list of necessary equipment, explains the theory behind logic gates and combinational logic, and details the pin configuration of integrated circuits. Additionally, it includes a section on practical applications and calculations for using multiple logic gates in circuits.

Uploaded by

i4658764
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Experiment – 1: Introduction to Basic Logic Gates

Objective:
i. Study the basic logic gates - AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR.
ii. Get acquainted with the representation of Boolean functions using truth tables, logic diagrams and Boolean
Algebra.
iii. Prove the extension of inputs of AND and OR gates using the associate law.
iv. Become familiarized with combinational logic circuits.
List of Equipments:
i. IC 7400 Quadruple 2-input NAND gates
ii. IC 7402 Quadruple 2-input NOR gates
iii. IC 7404 Hex Inverters (NOT gates)
iv. IC 7408 Quadruple 2-input AND gates
v. IC 7432 Quadruple 2-input OR gates
vi. IC 7486 Quadruple 2-input XOR gates
vii. Trainer Board
viii. Wires

Theory:
Logic Gates
Logic gates are the fundamental building blocks of digital circuits that have one or more logical inputs and one output.
Every terminal is in one of the two binary conditions, false or true. False represents the binary value 0 (logical LOW),
and true represents the binary value 1 (logical HIGH). The basic logic gates are categorized as AND, OR, XOR,
NAND, NOR, XNOR, and NOT.
These logic gates with their logic gate symbols and corresponding IC numbers are explained below.

Gate Description IC # Symbol


AND An AND gate has two or more inputs and a single output. When all of 7408
the inputs are 1, the output of this gate is 1.
OR An OR gate has two or more inputs and one output. When at least one of 7432
the inputs is 1, the output of this gate is 1.
NOT NOT gate has one input and one output, where the output will always be 7404
the inversion of the input. This means that if the input is 0, then output
will be 1 and vice-versa.
NAND An NAND gate has two or more inputs and one output. When all of the 7400
inputs are 1, the output of this gate is 0.
NOR An NOR gate has two or more inputs and one output. When all of the 7402
inputs are 0, the output of this gate is 1.
XOR An XOR gate has two inputs and one output. If the inputs are the same 7486
then the output is 0 and if the inputs are different then the output is 1.

Truth Tables
A truth table displays the logical operations on input signals in a table format. A logic gate truth table shows each
possible input combination to the gate or circuit with the resultant output depending upon the combination of these
input(s).
Boolean Algebra
Boolean algebra is a division of mathematics that deals with operations on logical values and incorporates binary
variables. The Boolean variables are represented as binary numbers to represent truths: 1 = true and 0 = false. It is used
to analyze and simplify digital circuits or digital gates. It has been fundamental in the development of digital electronics.
Combinational Logic
Combinational logic is a type of digital logic which is implemented by Boolean circuits, where the output is a pure
function of the present input only. This is in contrast to sequential logic, in which the output depends not only on the
present input but also on the history of the input. Combinational logic is used in computer circuits to perform Boolean
algebra on input signals and on stored data. It is used to build circuits that produce specified outputs from certain inputs.
Practical design of combinational logic systems may require consideration of the finite time required for practical logical
elements to react to changes in their inputs. Where an output is the result of the combination of several different paths
with differing numbers of switching elements, the output may momentarily change state before settling at the final state,
as the changes propagate along different paths.
Integrated Circuit (IC)
An integrated circuit have 14 pins. To determine which pin is which, we need to look down on the top of the IC for the
clocking mark, which is usually a small notch in the packaging but might instead be a little dimple or a white or colored
stripe. By convention, the pins on an IC are numbered counterclockwise, starting with the upper-left pin closest to the
clocking mark. So, for example, with the clocking notch orienting the chip at the 12 o’clock position, the pins of a 14-
pin IC are numbered 1 through 7 down the left side and 8 through 14 up the right side. In an IC chip, pin number 7
always connected to GND (ground) and pin number 14 to VCC. VCC is the higher voltage with respect to GND
(ground). VCC is the power input of an IC. GND is normally at 0 (zero) volts or the zero voltage point and VCC is +5V
point for a circuit.

(Questions and Answers নতুন আরেকটি কাগরেে প্রথম থথরক শুরু হরে।)
Questions and Answers
1) If I wanted to use 13 AND gates, 12 NOT gates and 15 NOR gates in a circuit, then the name of the ICs are:

Name of logic gate Name of the IC


AND gate IC 7408 Quadruple 2-input AND gates
NOT gate IC 7404 Hex Inverters (NOT gates)
NOR gate IC 7402 Quadruple 2-input NOR gates

The amount of IC I need:

Name of logic gate Name of the IC Quantity


13 AND gate IC 7408 Quadruple 2-input AND gates 4
12 NOT gate IC 7404 Hex Inverters (NOT gates) 2
15 NOR gate IC 7402 Quadruple 2-input NOR gates 4

2) If the +5V port of my trainer board stops working, I can still power my logic ICs by using +5V input from the
power supply. By requiring a 10V battery and two 100 resistors, the output voltage will be +5V which will
help me power my logic ICs even if the trainer board stops working.

You might also like