1

Section A: Pure Mathematics [40 marks]

1
1 One of the roots of the equation x3 + 2x2 + ax + b = 0, where a and b are real, is 1 + i .
2
Find the other roots of the equation and the values of a and b. [5]
[Solution]
1
Since the coeff of eqn are all real, 1 − i is also a root of the equation.
2

  1    1   5
Quadratic factor:  x − 1 + i   x + 1 + i   = x 2 − 2 x + .
  2    2   4

 5
Consider x 3 + 2 x 2 + ax + b =  x 2 − 2 x +  ( x + d )
 4

Compare coeff of x 2 : 2 = −2 + d  d = 4
5 27
Compare coeff of x : a = − 2d = −
4 4
5
Compare constant: b= (4) = 5
4

27  5
Therefore, x3 + 2 x 2 − x + 5 =  x 2 − 2 x +  ( x + 4)
4  4

1
The other roots are – 4 and 1 − i
2
 2

2 The diagram shows a sketch of the curve y = f ( x) . The region under the curve between x =
1 and x = 5, shown shaded in the diagram, is A. This region is split into 5 vertical strips of
equal width, h.

4
(a) State the value of h and show, using a sketch, that  ( f (1 + nh) ) h
n=0
is less the area of A.

[2]
[Solution]
4
5h = 4  h =
5 y

y = f(x)

x
1 5

(b) Find a similar expression that is greater than the area of A. [1]
[Solution]
5

 ( f (1 + nh) ) h
n =1
 3

1 2
You are now given that f ( x) = x +1
20
(c) Use the expression given in part (a) and your expression in part (b) to find lower and
upper bounds for the area of A. [2]
[Solution]
From GC,
4
Lower bound =  ( f (1 + nh) ) h = 5.608
n =0

5
Upper bound =  ( f (1 + nh) ) h = 6.568
n =1

(c) Sketch the graph of a function y = g( x) , between x = 1 and x = 5 , for which the area
4
between the curve, the x-axis and the lines x = 1 and x = 5 is less than  ( g(1 + nh) ) h .
n=0

[1]
[Solution]
y

y = g(x)

x
1 5
 4

1 2
3 (a) The function h is defined by h : x → x + 3 , for x  .
2
x +1
The function g is defined by g : x → , for x  , x  0.2 .
5x − 1
(i) Find gh(2). [2]
[Solution]
gh(2) = g(h(2))

= g(5)

1
=
4

(ii) Find the value of x for which g(x) = 1.4. [1]

[Solution]
x +1 7
g(x) = 1.4  =
5x − 1 5
 x = 0.4

x+a
(b) The function f is defined by f : x → , for x  , xk.
2x + b
(i) Find an expression for k and explain why this value of x has to be excluded from
the domain of f. [2]
[Solution]
b
k =−
2
b
If x = − , the denominator will be zero and f(x) will not be defined.
2
 5

The function f is such that f ( x) = f −1 ( x) for all x in the domain of f.

(ii) Determine the possible values of a and of b. [3]

[Solution]
x+a
Let y = .
2x + b
2 xy + by = x + a
2 xy − x = a − by
a − by
x=
2 y −1

a − bx 1
f −1 ( x) = ,x 
2x −1 2
x + a a − bx 1 b
Now equate = , x  ,−
2x + b 2x −1 2 2
By inspection, b = −1 and a seems to be able to take on any real number.
Alternative Method:
x+a b 1
y = f ( x) = is a rectangular hyperbola with x = − as the vertical asymptote and y =
2x + b 2 2
as the horizontal asymptote.
1
y = f −1 ( x) will also be a rectangular hyperbola with vertical asymptote x = and horizontal
2
b
asymptote y = − when y = f(x) in the line y = x. Since f is a self inverse function, f = f – 1.
2
1 b
By comparing the equation of the vertical (horizontal) asymptotes, = −  b = −1
2 2
x+a
However, cannot be a constant, otherwise f −1 would not have existed.
2x −1
1
Thus, a  −
2

(iii) Find an expression for f −1 (−4) . [1]

[Solution]
a−4 4−a
f −1 (−4) = =
2(−4) − 1 9
 6

4 Mrs Wong is the president of a swimming club. She devises a training programme for
members of the club. Members swim 10 lengths of a swimming pool; the time taken to
swim the first length is 40 seconds and the time taken to swim the last length is 25 seconds.
The times taken for each of the 10 lengths are in arithmetic progression.
(a) Find the total time taken to swim 10 lengths using Mrs Wong’s programme. [2]
[Solution]
T1 = 40, T10 = 25
40 + (10 – 1) d = 25
9d = 25
5
d =−
3

10   5 
Total time taken =  2(40) + (10 − 1)  −   = 325
2  3 

One of the members of the club, Alfie, devises a different training programme. In Alfie’s
programme the time taken to swim the first length is 25 seconds and the time taken to
swim the last length is 40 seconds. The times taken for each of the 10 lengths are in
geometric progression.
Suzie swims 30 lengths. She swims 10 lengths using Mrs Wong’s programme, then she
swims 10 lengths taking 25 seconds for each length, and then she swims 10 lengths using
Alfie’s programme. The length of the pool is 35m.
(b) Find Suzie’s average speed for her swim of 30 lengths. [5]
[Solution]

For the last 10 lengths, 25r10−1 = 40

r 9 = 1.6
r = 1.0536

25 (1.053610 − 1)
Total time taken = 325 + 10(25) + = 894.78
1.0536 − 1
30(35)
Average speed = = 1.1735 = 1.17(3sf )
894.78
 7

(c) Determine whether, exactly 8 minutes after she starts to swim, Suzie is swimming away
from or towards her starting point. [2]
[Solution]
8 minutes = 480 seconds.
Time taken for 1st 10 laps = 325 seconds
Remaining time = 155 seconds
Since 155  25 = 6.2 , Suzie has finished her 16th length of the pool and started on her 17th
length of the pool at the 8-min mark. Hence, Suzie is swimming away from the starting point
 8

5 (a) Find  tan 2 5 x dx . [2]

[Solution]

 tan 5 x dx =  sec 2 5 x − 1 dx
2

1
= tan 5 x − x + c
5

b
(b) Find 0
sin 2 x sin 3x dx . [3]

[Solution]
b 1 b
 0
sin 2 x sin 3 x dx =
2 0
cos x − cos 5 x dx

b
1 1 
= sin x − sin 5 x 
2 5 0

1 1 
=  sin b − sin 5b 
2 5 

1 1
= sin b − sin 5b
2 10

b
(c) Find 
1
 dx , where 1  a  b . [3]
a x ln x

[Solution]

b 1
b 
 1 dx =  x dx

a x ln x  ln x
a
b
= ln ln x  a

= ln ln b − ln ln a

= ln(ln b) − ln(ln a) since 1  a  b , ln b  ln a  0

 9

 e2 x
(d) Use the substitution u = 1 + e 2 x to find  dx . [3]

 ( )
2x 3
1+e

[Solution]

Let u = 1 + e 2 x
du
= e2 x
dx
= 2(u − 1)

 e2 x u −1 1
 dx = 
 du

 ( )  −
3 3
1+e 2x u 2(u 1)

1
=
2  u −3 du

1  u −2 
= +c
2  −2 

1
=− +c
4 (1+e2 x )
2
 10

Section B: Probability and Statistics [60 marks]

6 A biased 5-sided spinner gives the scores 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 with probabilities shown in the
table, where p and q are constants.

Given that the variance of the score is 1.61, calculate the mean score. [7]
[Solution]
Total probability = 0.2 + 0.3 + 2 p + q = 1

q = 0.5 − 2 p --- (1)

E( X ) = 1(0.2) + 2(0.3) + 3 p + 4 p + 5q

= 0.8 + 7 p + 5q

= 0.8 + 7 p + 5(0.5 − 2 p)

= 3.3 − 3 p

E( X 2 ) = 12 (0.2) + 22 (0.3) + 32 p + 42 p + 52 q
= 1.4 + 25 p + 25q

= 1.4 + 25 p + 25(0.5 − 2 p)

= 13.9 − 25 p

Var( X ) = E( X 2 ) − ( E( X ) )
2

1.61 = 13.9 − 25 p − ( 3.3 − 3 p )

2

1.61 = 13.9 − 25 p − 10.89 + 19.8 p − 9 p 2

9 p 2 + 5.2 p − 1.4 = 0 --- (2)

From GC,
7
p = 0.2 or p=− (rejected since p  0)
9
Sub p = 0.2 into (1):

q = 0.5 − 2(0.2) = 0.1

Mean score = 0.8 + 7(0.2) + 5(0.1) = 2.7

 11

7 When performing a trick, a magician says the word ABRACADABRA. The 11 letter of
this word are arranged in a row.
(a) Find the number of different arrangements that can be made. [2]

AAAAA
11! BB
No of ways = = 83160 RR
5!  2!  2!
C
D

(b) Find the number of different arrangements in which the 2 B’s are next to each other,
the 2 R’s are next to each other, exactly 4 of the A’s are next to each other, and the C is
next to the D. [3]
[Solution]

BB RR CD A AAAA

No of ways = 3!  2!  4C2  2! = 144

(c) Given that the 11 letters are arranged randomly, find the probability that all 5 A’s are
together. [3]
[Solution]
7!
2!  2! 1
Probability = =
83160 66
 12

8 A car manufacturer claims that the font tyres on a particular model of car have average
life span of 20 000 miles. Following comments from customers, the sales manager wishes
to test if the life span of the tyres is greater than 20 000 miles.
(a) Explain why the sales manager should carry out a 1-tail test. State hypotheses for
the test, defining any symbols you use. [3]
[Solution]
The manager should use a 1-tail test because he wants to test whether the life span of the
tyres is greater than 20 000 miles, instead of testing whether the life span is different from 20
000 miles.
Let X be the life span (in thousand miles) of a tyre chosen at random.
Let  be the population mean life span (in thousand miles) of types.

To test H0 :  = 20

vs H1 :   20

The sales manager contacts customers and gather details about the life spans of a random
sample of 50 of these tyres. The life spans, x thousand miles, are summarised below.

 ( x − 20) = 9.4  ( x − 20)

2
= 38.76

(b) Calculate unbiased estimates of the population mean and variance of the life spans
of the tyres. [2]
[Solution]
9.4
Unbiased estimates of the population mean, x = + 20 = 20.188
50

1  (9.4) 2 
Unbiased estimates of the population variance, s =  ( 38.76 ) −
2
 = 0.75500
49  50 
 13

(c) Test, at 5% level of significance, whether the mean life span of front tyres is more than
20 000 miles [3]
[Solution]

Under H 0 , since n = 50 is large, by Central Limit Theorem,

0.75500
X N(20, ) approximately.
50
Using a right tailed z-test at 5 % level of significance, by GC,
p-value = 0.0630

Since p-value > 0.05, we do not reject H 0 .

Therefore, there is insufficient evidence at 5 % level of significance to conclude that the

mean life span of the front tyres is more than 20 000 miles.

(d) Explain why this test would be inappropriate if the sales manager had taken a random
sample of 15 tyres. [1]
[Solution]
With a random sample of 15 tyres, the sample size is small. Central Limit Theorem cannot be
used to determine that the sample mean follows a normal distribution.
 14

9 In a chemical reaction the mass, x grams, of a particular product at time t minutes is

given in this table.

The value of the product moment correlation coefficient is 0.9803 correct to 4 significant
figures. The scatter diagram for the data is shown below.

(a) Toby attempts to model the relationship between x and t with a straight line. Explain
whether this is likely to provide a good model. [1]
[Solution]
This is not likely to be a good model because the scatter diagram shows a curved relationship
between x and t

Toby now tries a model in which x has been transformed to ln x.

(b) (i) Sketch a scatter diagram of ln x against t for the data given in the table. [4]
[Solution]
 15

(ii) Toby models the data with the equation ln x = c + dt . Find the values of the
constants c and d and state the value of the product moment correlation coefficient
for this model. [3]
[Solution]
By GC, c = 2.2927 = 2.29 (3sf)
d = 0.057271 = 0.0573 (3sf)
Product moment correlation coefficient, r = 0.99869 = 0.999 (3sf)

(c) Comment on Toby’s two models. [2]

[Solution]
The 2nd model is better than the 1st one for two reasons. First, the second model has a product
moment correlation coefficient of 0.999 (very close to 1), compared the first’s 0.9803.
Second, the scatter plot from the 2nd model shows a linear relationship between ln x and t.
 16

10 In this question you should state the parameter of any normal distribution you sue.
A company makes 3-legged wooden stools from 4 solid components – a seat in the form
of a disc, and 3 legs each in the form of a long, thin cylinder. The seats and legs are bought
in bulk from another company. Over a period of time it is found that the masses of the
seats are normally distributed; 80% of the seats have mass less than 2.1 kg, and 15% of
the seats have masses less than 1.95 kg.
(a) State the mean mass of the seats and show that the standard deviation is 0.0799 kg,
correct to3 significant figures. [3]
[Solution]
Let  and  be the mean and standard deviation of the masses of the seats respectively.

Let X be the mass (in kg) of a randomly chosen seat.

X N(  ,  2 )
P( X  2.1) = 0.8

 2.1 −  
P Z  = 0.8 , where Z
 
N(0,1)


2.1 − 
From GC, = 0.84162

 + 0.84162 = 2.1 --- (1)

P( X  1.95) = 0.15

 1.95 −  
P Z   = 0.15 , where Z N(0,1)
  

1.95 − 
From GC, = −1.0364

 − 1.0364 = 1.95 --- (2)

Solving (1) & (2) using GC, we get  = 2.0328 = 2.03 (3 sf)

 = 0.079871 = 0.0799 (3 sf)

 17

The masses of the legs, in kg, follow the distribution N(1.2,0.022 ) .

(b) Find the expected number of legs with mass more than 1.21 kg in randomly chosen
batch of 500 legs. [2]
[Solution]
Let Y be the mass (in kg) of a randomly chosen leg.

Y N(1.2,0.022 )
P(Y  1.21) = 0.30854

Expected number of legs with mass more than 1.21 kg = 0.30854  500
= 154

(c) Find the probability that the total mass of a randomly chosen seat and 3 randomly
chosen legs is between 5.6 kg and 5.7 kg. [3]
[Solution]

X + Y1 + Y2 + Y3 N(2.0328 + 3 1.2, 0.0798712 + 3  0.022 )

X + Y1 + Y2 + Y3 N(5.6328, 0.0075794)

Required probability = P(5.6  X + Y1 + Y2 + Y3  5.7)

= 0.427

In order to make the stools, circular holes are drilled in the seats and the legs are fitted into
them. In this process, the mass of seats is modelled as being reduced by 9% and the masses
of the legs are unchanged.
(d) Find the probability that the total mass of a randomly chosen drilled seat and 3
randomly chosen legs is less than 5.6 kg. [3]
[Solution]

0.91X + Y1 + Y2 + Y3 N(0.91 2.0328 + 3 1.2, 0.912  0.0798712 + 3  0.022 )

0.91X + Y1 + Y2 + Y3 N(5.449848, 0.0064828)

Required probability = P(0.91X + Y1 + Y2 + Y3  5.6)

= 0.969
 18

The holes made in the seats have diameters, in mm, that follow the distribution N(31,0.42 )
and the diameters of the legs, in mm, that follow the distribution N(30.7,0.32 ) . If the
diameter of a hole is more than 0.8 mm greater than the diameter of a leg, the padding has
to be added when the leg is glued to the seat.
(e) A stool is made of a randomly chosen drilled seats and 3 randomly chosen legs. The
legs are paired up with the holes at random. Find the probability that the 3 legs can be
fitted without the need for any sanding or padding. [4]
[Solution]
Let A and B be the diameter (in mm) of the hole of a seat and of a leg, chosen at random.

A N(31,0.42 ) and B N(30.7,0.32 )

A− B N(31 − 30.7, 0.42 + 0.32 )

A− B N(0.3,0.52 )

Probability that a leg can be fitted without the need for any sanding or padding
= P(0  A − B  0.8)

= 0.56709

Probability that 3 legs can be fitted without the need for any sanding or padding = 0.567093
= 0.182
 19

11 A company manufactures a wide variety of components for use in domestic appliances.

(a) The company introduces a new type of light fitting for refrigerators. Each day a
supervisor selects a sample of 100 of the light fitting for testing.
(i) How should the light fittings be selected? Give a reason for this method of
selection. [2]
[Solution]
The light fittings should be selected by simple random sampling, because this ensures that all
possible samples of 100 light fittings have equal probability of being selected.

The supervisor records the number of faulty light fittings found on each of 150
working days. Her results are shown in the table.

(ii) Use the information in the table to estimate p, the probability that a light fitting
is faulty. [1]
[Solution]
1(19) + 2(38) + 3(41) + 4(22) + 5(16) + 6(6) + 7(4)
Expectation = =3
150
3
Estimation of p = = = 0.03
100
(iii) Assuming that the number of faulty fittings found each day follows the binomial
distribution B(100, p), find the expected number of days on which 3 faulty
fittings are found in a period of 150 working days. [2]
[Solution]
Let A be the number of faulty fittings, out of 100 randomly chosen fittings.

A B (100, 0.03)

From GC, P( A = 3) = 0.22747

Therefore, expected number of days = 150  0.22747

= 34.1
 20

(b) The company also makes heating elements for electric ovens. A fixed number of
randomly chosen heating elements are tested each day and the number found to be
faulty is denoted by X.
(i) State, in context, two assumptions needed for X to be well modelled by a
binomial distribution. [2]
[Solution]
Each heating element has a constant probability of being faulty and that whether the heating
elements are faulty or not are independent of one another.

Now assume that X has the distribution B ( 80, 0.02 ) .

(ii) Find the probability that, on a randomly chosen day, the number of elements
found faulty is between 1 and 4 inclusive. [2]
[Solution]

X B ( 80, 0.02 )

P(1  X  4) = P( X  4) − P( X = 0)

= 0.779

(iii) Find the probability that, in a randomly chosen 5-day working week, more than
3 elements are found to be faulty on at least 2 days. [3]
[Solution]
P( X  3) = 1 − P( X  3)

= 0.076855
Let Y be the number of days, out of a 5-day working week, on which more than 3 elements
are found to be faulty.

Y B ( 5, 0.076855 )

Required probability = P(Y  2)

= 1 − P(Y  1)

= 0.0505
 21

(iv) Find the probability that, in a randomly chosen 5-day working week, no more
than 8 faulty elements are found in total. [2]
[Solution]
Total number of elements tested in a 5-day working week = 5  80
= 400
Let C be the number of faulty elements found in a 5-day working week.

C B ( 400, 0.02 )

From GC, P(C  8) = 0.593