Lab Manual

for
IT WORKSHOP
(CS209ES)

I B. TECH II SEMESTER (R24 Autonomous)

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

ACE
Engineering College
An Autonomous Institution
Ghatkesar, Hyderabad - 501 301, Telangana.
Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to JNTUH
NBA Accredited B.Tech Courses, Accorded NACC A-Grade with 3.20 CGPA

INDEX
S.No Contents Page No.
1
1 Department Vision, Mission, POs and PSOs

2 Objectives and Course Outcomes of the lab 3

3 Requirements 4

4 List of Experiments 5

5 Module Wise Outcomes 8

6 COs Mapping with POs and PSOs 9

7 Introduction to Lab 10

8 Algorithms/Programs with Viva questions 11

9 Additional experiments- beyond syllabus 113

10 Scheme of Evaluation 118

11 References 119
Department Vision:

To be an epicenter of excellence in education by offering thrust courses, research and services for the
students and make them to succeed in professional competitive examinations globally with an attitude of
entrepreneurial skills, ethical values and social concern

Department Mission:

Imparting quality Technical Education to young Computer Engineer by providing them

M1: Impart quality technical Education with State of-the-art laboratories, Analytical and Technical Skills with
International standards by qualified and experienced faculty

M2: Prepare for competitive examinations for higher studies / Employment

M3: Develop professional attitude, Research aptitude, Critical Reasoning and technical consultancy by
providing training in cutting edge technologies.

M4: Endorse and Nurture knowledge, Life-long learning, Entrepreneurial practices, ethical values and social
concern.

Program Educational Objectives (PEOs):

PEO 1: To prepare the students for successful careers in Computer Science and Engineering and fulfill the
need by providing training to excel in competitive examinations for higher education and
employment.
PEO 2: To provide students a broad-based curriculum with a firm foundation in Computer Science and
Engineering, Applied Mathematics & Sciences. To impart high quality technical skills for designing,
modeling, analyzing and critical problem solving with global competence.
PEO 3: To inculcate professional, social, ethical, effective communication skills and entrepreneurial
practice among their holistic growth.
PEO 4: To provide Computer Science and Engineering students with an academic environment and
members associated with student related to professional bodies for multi-disciplinary approach
and for lifelong learning.

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PEO 5: To develop research aptitude among the students in order to carry out research in cutting edge
technologies, solve real world problems and provide technical consultancy services.
Program Outcomes:
Program
Statement
Outcomes

An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering and

PO1
knowledge of Fundamental Principles.

PO2 An ability to Identify, formulate and solve engineering problems.

An ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs in

Computer Science and Engineering within realistic constraints such as economic,
PO3
environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability and
sustainability, Design and Modeling.
An ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret
PO4
data, Experimentation & Interpret/Engineering Analysis.
An ability to use the techniques, skills and modern Computer Science and
PO5
Engineering tools necessary for system design with embedded engineering practice.
Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess societal, health,
PO6 safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the
professional engineering practice.
The broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in
PO7
a global, economic, environmental, and societal context.
PO8 An understanding of professional and ethical responsibility.

PO9 An ability to function on multidisciplinary teams.

PO10 An ability to communicate effectively.

Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the engineering and management

PO11 principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to
manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.

PO12 A recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning.

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Program Specific Outcomes:
Program Specific
Statement
Outcomes
To prepare the students ready for industry usage by providing required
PSO1
training in cutting edge technologies.
An Ability to use the core concepts of computing and optimization
PSO2
techniques to develop more efficient and effective computing mechanisms.
Prepare the graduates to demonstrate a sense of societal and ethical

PSO3 responsibility In their professional endeavors and will remain informed and
involved as full participants in the profession and our society.

Course Objectives:
The IT Workshop for engineers is a training lab course spread over 60 hours. The modules include
training on PC Hardware, Internet & World Wide Web and Productivity tools including Word, Excel,
Power Point and Publisher.
1.Identify the components of a computer, components in a CPU and its functions. Every student
must draw block diagram of the CPU along with the configuration of each peripheral.
2.Every student should disassemble and assemble the PC back to working condition
3.Every student should individually install windows 7 (professional) on the personal computer.
He/She must install the device driver’s software, and basic application software’s viz., adobe
reader, ms-office etc.
4.Each student must able to configure the basic computer management settings of windows
components. Each student must familiar to work with MS-DOS command prompt and basic DOS
commands.
5.Every student should install Linux on the computer. This computer should have windows installed
The system should be configured as dual boot with both windows and Linux.
6. Several mini tasks would be that covers basic commands in Linux and basic system administration
in Linux which includes: Basic Linux commands in Bash, Create hard and symbolic links .Text
processing, using wildcards.
7. Web Browsers and Surfing the web: Students customize their web browsers with the LAN proxy

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 settings, bookmarks, search toolbars and popup blockers. Also, plug-in like Macromedia Flash and
JRE for Applets should be configured.
8. Search Engines and Netiquette: Students should know what search engines are and how to use the
search engines. A few topics would be given to the students for which they need to search on
Google
9. Cyber Hygiene: Students would be exposed to the various threats on internet and would be asked
to configure their computer to be safe on the internet. They need to first install antivirus software,
configure their personal firewall and windows update on their computer. Then they need to
customize their browsers to block popup, block active X downloads to avoid virus and/or worms.
10 Each student will familiar with Microsoft word and different templates of it for design a RESUME.
Creating Project Abstract features to be covered: Formatting styles, inserting table, bullets and
numbering, changing text direction, cell alignment.
Course Outcomes:
➢ It helps to understand the computer parts well. It helps the students to notice how system works,
how the system process the information.
➢ Ability to solve the trouble shooting problems.
➢ Ability to apply knowledge for computer assembling and software installation.
➢ By learning the MS WORD and Latex the students understands how the documents should be
created.
➢ By learning MSEXCEL, makes the students understands how the data base is created It helps to
retrieve the data easily.
➢ By learning MS Power Point makes the students understands how the presentations can be
created.
Requirements:
Hardware Requirements:
Desktop Computer
2GB RAM 160 GB HARD DISK,
Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse
CPU Cabinet, SMPS,
Motherboard, RAM,

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 Harddisk, Processor,
Processor Fan, screws,Tools

Software Requirements:
✓ Windows operating System,
✓ Linux Operating System
✓ M.S-Office 2007,Texmaker,Antivirus,Macromedia
List of Experiments:
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS

Task 1:

Identifying the peripherals of a computer, components in CPU and its functions. Block diagram of the CPU.

ASSEMBLING AND DISASSEMBLING

Task 1:

A practice on disassembling the components of a PC and assembling them back to working condition.

SOFTWARE INSTALLATION

Task 1:

Operating System Installation – Windows and Linux installation.

Task 2:

Mobile Operating System Installation – Android.

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE TROUBLESHOOTING

Task 1:

Hardware Troubleshooting: Students have to be given a PC which does not boot due to improper assembly
or defective peripherals. They should identify the problem and fix it to get the computer back to working
condition.

Task 2:

Software Troubleshooting: Students have to be given a malfunctioning CPU due to system software
problems. They should identify the problem and fix it to get the computer back to working condition.

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INTERNET & WORLD WIDE WEB

Task 1:

Orientation & Connectivity Boot Camp: Students should get connected to their Local Area Network and
access the Internet. In the process they should configure the TCP/IP setting. Finally student should
demonstrate, to the instructor, how to access the websites and e-mail. If there is no internet connectivity
preparations need to be made by the instructors to simulate the WWW on the LAN.

Task 2: Computer Networking: MAN, WAN,Network Interface Card, Introduction of Networking devices.

Task 3:

Web Browsers, Surfing the Web: Students customize their web browsers with the LAN proxy settings,
bookmarks, search toolbars and pop up blockers. Also, plug-ins like Macromedia Flash and JRE for applets
should be configured.

Task 4:

Search Engines & Netiquette: Students should know what search engines are and how to use the search
engines. A few topics would be given to the students for which they need to search on Google. This should
be demonstrated to the instructors by the student.

Task 5:

Cyber Hygiene: Students would be exposed to the various threats on the internet and would be asked to
configure their computer to be safe on the internet. They need to first install antivirus software, configure
their personal firewall and windows update on their computer. Then they need to customize their browsers
to block pop ups, block active x downloads to avoid viruses and/or worms.

LaTeX and WORD

Word and LaTeX Orientation: Importance of LaTeX and MS office 2007. Overview of LaTeX and Microsoft
(MS) office 2007 - Accessing, overview of toolbars, saving files, Using help and resources, rulers, format
painter in word.

Task 1:

Using LaTeX and Word to create project certificate: Features to be covered:- Drop Cap and Character
Spacing in word, Formatting Fonts, Applying Text effects, Borders and Colors, Inserting Header and Footer,
Using Date and Time option in both LaTeX and Word

Task 2: Creating project abstract Features to be covered: Formatting Styles, Inserting table, Cell alignment,
Bullets and Numbering, Changing Text Direction, Footnote, Hyperlink, Symbols, page numbering, Spell Check
and Track Changes.

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Task 3:

Creating a Newsletter: Features to be covered:- Table of Content, Newspaper columns, Images from files
and clipart, Drawing toolbar and Word Art, Formatting Images, Textboxes, Paragraphs and Mail Merge in
word.

Excel

Excel Orientation: Importance of MS Excel 2007. Using Excel – Accessing, overview of toolbars, saving excel
files, Using help and resources.

Task 1:

Creating a Scheduler: Features to be covered: Gridlines, Format Cells, Summation, auto fill, Formatting Text.

Task 2:

Calculating GPA: Features to be covered:- Cell Referencing, Formulae in excel – average, standard deviation,
Charts, Renaming and Inserting worksheets, Hyper linking, Count function, LOOKUP/VLOOKUP.

Task 3:

Performance Analysis: Features to be covered: Split cells, freeze panes, group and outline, Sorting, Boolean
and logical operators, Conditional formatting.

Power Point

Task 1: Students will be working on basic power point utilities and tools which help them create basic power
point presentation. Topic covered during this week includes: - PPT Orientation, Slide Layouts, Inserting Text,
Word Art, Formatting Text, Bullets and Numbering, Auto Shapes, Lines and Arrows.

Task 2: Topic covered during this week includes: Hyperlinks, Inserting –Images, Clip Art, Audio, Video,
Objects, Tables and Charts.

Task 3: Topic covered during this week includes: - Master Layouts (slide, template, and notes), Types of views
(basic, presentation, slide sorter, notes etc), and Inserting – Background, textures, Design Templates, Hidden
slides.

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Module wise Outcomes:
S.NO Module Description Outcome
1 PC Hardware It helps to understand the computer parts
Identify the parts of computer Assembling
well. It helps the students to notice how
&disassembling
system works, how the system process the
information.
2 Hardware Troubleshooting Ability to solve the trouble shooting problems.
Software Troubleshooting
3 Windows installation Ability to apply knowledge for computer
Linux installation assembling and software installation.
4 Internet & World Wide Web Ability to apply knowledge for
Orientation & Connectivity Boot Camp
LAN,MAN,WAN,
Web Browsers, Surfing the Web.
Solve the Network trouble shooting problems.
Search Engines & Netiquette
5 Word Orientation By learning the MS WORD and Latex the
Creating project students understands how the documents
Creating a Newsletter should be created.
6 Excel Orientation. By learning MSEXCEL, makes the students
Creating a Scheduler understands how the data base is created It
Calculating GPA helps to retrieve the data easily.
Performance Analysis
7 Power Point Presentation By learning MS Power Point makes the
students understands how the presentations
can be created.

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Cos Mapping with POs and PSOs:

Program Outcomes (POs) PSOs

PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PSO PSO PSO
CO BTL
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3

CO1 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 1 1,2

CO2 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 2,3

CO3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 2,3

CO4 3 2 3 3 3 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 1,2,3

CO5 3 2 3 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 1,2,3

CO6 3 2 3 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 1 1,2,3

3.0 2.0 2.7 2.8 3.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.3

Introduction to Lab:
The objective of IT Workshop is to impart basic computer usage and maintenance skills and to
introduce you to a suite of productivity tools that will aid in your day to day activities.

IT workshop works in a learning-by-doing mode. It concentrates more on hands-on experience

for the participants rather theoretical classes. It enables the participant to make the best use of
Microsoft Office Suite in their day-to-day requirements and make use of it to improve the
standards in the educational environment. The IT Workshop prepares the participant to have a
hands-on experience in maintaining and troubleshooting a PC by themselves.

Computer Hardware, Windows & Linux

Hardware comprises all of the physical parts of a computer, as distinguished from the data it
contains or operates on. Software provides instructions for the hardware to accomplish tasks.

Windows is a range of closed source proprietary commercial operating environments for

personal computers and also servers. This range was first introduced by Microsoft in 1985 and
eventually has come to dominate the world of personal computer market. All recent versions of
Windows are full-fledged operating systems.

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 Linux is a computer operating system. It is among the most famous examples of free software
and of open-source development. Initially, Linux was largely developed and used by individual
enthusiasts.

Internet & World Wide Web

Internet & World Wide Web module introduces the different ways of hooking on to the
internet from home and workplace and effectively usage of the internet. Usage of web
browsers, email, newsgroups and discussion forums would be covered.
Productivity Tools: LaTex and Word
LaTex is a typesetting program written by Leslie Lamport of MIT. Pronounced “Lah-tek, or Lay-
tek”Uses TeX engine written by Donald E. Knuth Designed for producing beautiful books,
thesises, papers, articles. De facto standard for writing academic papers Current version
LaTeX2.

Microsoft Office is a suite of productivity programs created by Microsoft and developed for
Microsoft Windows and Apple Macintosh operating systems. In addition to the office
applications, it includes associated servers and Web-based services.

Office is considered to be the de facto standard for productivity programs, and has many
features not present in other suites. However, the reverse is also true, with other programs
having capabilities that Office doesn't. Microsoft Office suite includes Word, Power Point,
Excel, Publisher, and Outlook in most of its versions.

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Lab Programs with Viva Questions:
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS

Task 1:

Computing environments, identifying the peripherals of a computer, components in CPU and its
functions. Block diagram of the CPU.

Introduction to Computer Hardware:

Hardware is the physical appearance of the devices or tools. It is what which we can touch and
feel. Computer Hardware consists of Monitor, CPU, Keyboard, Mouse and all other devices
connected to the computer either externally or internally.
A typical computer (personal computer, PC) consists of a desktop or tower case (chassis) and
the following parts:

1. CPU: The central processing unit contains the heart of any computer, the processor. The
processor is fitted on to a Mother Board. The Mother Board contains various
components, which support the functioning of a PC.

2. System board/Motherboard which holds the Processor, Random Access Memory and
other parts, and has slots for expansion cards

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3. RAM (Random Access Memory)- It is used for program execution and short term data-
storage, so the computer doesn't have to take the time to access the hard drive to find
something. More RAM can contributes to a faster PC.

4. Buses: PCI(Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus, PCI-E bus, ISA bus (outdated),
USB( Universal Serial Bus), AGP(Accelerated Graphics Port).
5. Power Supply - a case that holds a transformer, voltage control and fan.

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6. Storage controllers, of IDE, SCSI or other type, that control hard disk, floppy disk, CD-
ROM and other drives; the controllers sit directly on the motherboard (on-board) or on
expansion cards.

7. Video display controller that produces the output for the computer display.

8. Computer bus controllers (parallel, serial, USB, Fire wire) to connect the computer to
external peripheral devices such as printers or scanners.

Some type of a removable media writer:

9. CD - the most common type of removable media, cheap but fragile.

CD-ROM, , CD-RW, CD-R, DVD, DVD-ROM., DVD-RW, DVD-R.

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Floppy disk:

10. Tape Drive - mainly for backup and long-term storage.

11. Internal storage - keeps data inside the computer for later use.

12. Hard disk - for medium-term storage of data.

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13. Disk array controller – A disk array controller is a device C which manages the physical disk
drives and presents them to the computer as logical units.
14. Sound card - translates signals from the system board into analog
voltage levels, and has terminals to plug in speakers..

15. Networking - to connect the computer to the Internet and/or other computers.

16. Modem - for dial-up connections.

17. Network card - for DSL/Cable internet, and/or connecting to other computers.

18. Other peripherals: In addition, hardware can include external components of

a computer system. The following are either standard or very common.

Input, Keyboard, Pointing devices, Mouse, Trackball, Joystick, Game pad

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19. Output : The output devices are:

Printer, Speakers, Monitor, Networking, Modem, Network card.

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ASSEMBLING AND DISASSEMBLING

Task 1:

A practice on disassembling the components of a PC and assembling them back to working condition.

AIM: How to build our own PC.

PROCEDURE:
Assembling a P – IV PC
In this section you will learn how to assemble a Pentium – IV PC with Requirements:
• P4 Processor
• Mother board
• SMPS
• Data cables
• Hard disk
• RAM
• Cards
• Screw driver
• ATX cabinet

Preparing the Chassis

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Page 18
Installing the Mother Board

Installing the CPU

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Installing the CPU fan

Installing the RAM

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Installing the SMPS

Installing the ATX Power Connector

Installing the HDD

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Installing the CDROM Drive

Installing the LAN Card

Front Panel Connections

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SOFTWARE INSTALLATION

Task 1:

Operating System Installation – Windows and Linux installation.

AIM: How to install windows XP in computer

Step 1: To change First Bootable option in BIOS

Step A:

Step B:

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Step C:

Step 2: Boot from the Windows XP CD

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Step 3: Press F6 to Install a Third Party Driver

Step 4: Press ENTER to Set up Windows XP

STEP 5: Read and Accept the Windows XP Licensing Agreement

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STEP 6: Select the Windows XP Installation

STEP 7: Delete the Existing Windows XP Partition

STEP 8: Confirm Knowledge of the System Partition

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STEP 9: Confirm Partition Deletion Request

STEP 10: Create a Partition

STEP 11: Choose a Partition Size

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STEP 12: Choose a Partition to Install Windows XP On

STEP 13: Choose a File System to Format the Partition

STEP 14 : Wait for the New Partition to Format

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STEP 15: Wait for the Windows XP Installation Files to Copy

STEP 16: Windows XP Installation Begins

STEP 17: Choose Regional and Language Options

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STEP 18: Enter Your Name and Organization

STEP 19: Enter the Product Key

STEP 20: Enter a Computer Name and Administrator Password

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STEP 21: Set the Date and Time

STEP 22: Choose the Networking Settings

STEP 23: Enter a Workgroup or Domain Name

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STEP 24: Wait for the Windows XP Installation to Finalize

STEP 25: Wait for Restart and First Windows XP Boot

STEP 26: Accept Automatic Display Settings Adjustment

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STEP 27: Confirm Automatic Display Settings Adjustment

STEP 28: Begin Final Set Up of Windows XP

STEP 29: Wait for Internet Connectivity Check

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STEP 30: Choose an Internet Connection Method

STEP 31: Optionally Register Windows XP with Microsoft

STEP 32: Create Initial User Accounts

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STEP 33: Finish Final Setup of Windows XP

STEP 34: Wait for Windows XP to Start

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STEP 35: Windows XP Clean Installation is Complete!

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AIM: How to install Linux in computer.

Step: 1
Boot your system with bootable USB Pen drive or DVD, below screen will appear which is
shown in step 2.

Step: 2 Select ‘Install Ubuntu’ to start installation.

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Step:3 Preparing to Install Ubuntu 16.06 LTS
In case your system is connected to the Internet and wants to install third party tools during
installation, you can select both the options as shown in below snap otherwise leave the
options uncheck.

Click on Continue to proceed further.

Step:4 Choose ‘something else’ option to create customize partition scheme.

If you are planning to create your own customize partition table then select ‘something
else‘ option in the below screen and Click on Continue.
In case you Select the first option ‘erase disk and install ubuntu‘, it will delete all data on disk
and will install Ubuntu with the default partition scheme.

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Click on New Partition Table.

Click on Continue.

In the below Screen Select the Disk, click on ‘+’ option to create partition.

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Specify the mount point as /boot and File system type as ext4 and partition size as 500 MB.

Similarly create /var and /home partitions as per your available disk.

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Create a Swap partition and size of swap should be double of your RAM, in my case RAM size
is 2 GB so swap size should be 4 GB.

In the last create ‘/’ partition on remaining size and file system type should be ext4.

Once you are done with partition table click on ‘Install Now‘. It will show the below screen,
click on Continue to Proceed.

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Step:5 Specify the Time Zone as per your location.

Click on Continue.

Step:6 Select the Keyboard Layout as per your setup.

Step: 7 Specify the Hostname, User name and its password.

In this step specify the hostname for your system, user name and its password. We will use
this user to login to the system after the installation.

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Click on Continue to start the installation

Step:8 Installation is in Progress.

As we can see below that installation is progress, once the installation is completed we will

To Reboot the system click on ‘Restart Now‘

get the message to reboot the system.

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Step:9 Now login to the system with User that we created during installation.

Installation of Ubuntu 16.04 LTS is completed.

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HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE TROUBLESHOOTING

Task 1:

Hardware Troubleshooting: Students have to be given a PC which does not boot due to improper
assembly or defective peripherals. They should identify the problem and fix it to get the computer
back to working condition.

AIM: How to identify and recover the problems in hardware

Basic troubleshooting:

Sometimes things do not work exactly as planned at this point. Sometimes the system will not
power on at all. Sometimes it will power on, but you get no video. Sometimes you will get beep
codes. Sometimes you hear the fans, but the rest of the PC just sits there and does nothing. If
things didn't go according to plan, troubleshoot the system. Walk mentally through the boot
process and check all hardware as it goes. Think like the computer thinks, if you know what I
mean. Here is a list of some of the more common problems.

1. The power does not even turn on. This sometimes happens on ATX machines and it
usually tracks down to the fact that the power switch is not properly connected to the
motherboard or it is not connected at all. Find the power switch lead and make sure it is
connected to the motherboard, as described in Step 11. It’s a possibility that simply
reversing the lead will do the trick. If this is the not the case, then make sure the
motherboard is not grounded somehow. Make sure that the board is not touching the
case (this is what the spacers are for). Make sure that none of the screws that hold the
board in place is touching anything metal or any of the electrical pathways on the
motherboard. If you have any doubt on this, you can remove each screw one at a time
and place a washer on them. You do not need to remove the motherboard to do this.

2. The PC boots, but it is giving beep codes. This is actually better than having to track
everything down on your own, because at least the PC is giving you a hint as to what is
wrong. You can also use the PC Mechanic Beep Codes E-book available on the PC
Mechanic CD to track it down for other BIOS versions. Often, these beep codes will not
tell you exactly what the problem is, but will point you at the trouble device. This

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 information will then get you pointed in the correct direction.

3. The fans come on, but you get no video or beeps. Sometimes, this is because some key
component may not be plugged in well or may not be operational. Check the memory
modules and the processor to be sure they are firmly installed. You might want to make
sure the processor is actually working. One way that I have used to see if a processor is
working is to remove or unplug the CPU fan and place your fingers on the CPU to see if it
heats up real fast. If it does, its OK and don’t let it run this way for long. If it remains at
room temperature for awhile, then there is no juice going through the processor and it
may need replacing. The keyboard doesn’t seem to work. This one doesn’t happen too
often, but if it does, your two trouble sources will be the keyboard itself or the keyboard
controller on the motherboard. Hope it isn’t the second one.

Pc Boot problems: (beep codes)

IBM BIOS:

Indicator System status

No Beeps - No Power Loose Cord, or Short.
1 Short Beep - Normal POST Computer is ok.
2 Short Beep - POST error review screen for error code.
Continuous Beep - No Power Loose Cord, or Short.
Repeating Short Beep - No Power Loose Card, or Short.
One Long and one Short Beep Motherboard issue.
One Long and Two short Beeps Video (Mono/CGA Display Circuitry) issue.
One Long and Three Short Beeps Video (EGA) Display Circuitry.
Three Long Beep Keyboard / Keyboard card error.
One Beep Blank or Incorrect Display Video Display
Circuitry.

Award and Phoenix BIOS:

Indicator System Status

1 short beep: Normal
2 short beeps CMOS error
1 long and 1 short beep RAM error

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 1 long and 2 short beeps Video card error
1 long and 3 short beeps Keyboard error
1 long and 9 short beeps ROM error
Long continuous beeps RAM not installed correctly
Short continuous beeps Bad power supply or over heating

Problem with power supply or CPU chips:

Make sure the power connector is connected correctly and fitted firmly in the
mother board socket, some mother boards require two connectors from the power
supply, refer to mother board manual. If the problem persists try using a different power
supply. Check CPU fan, remove chip and clear dust, make sure it is mounted properly.

Video card problem:

Remove video card and inspect for cracks or bad connectors. Make sure
the video card mounted correctly in the slot; try using a different video card.

Keyboard Error:
Either the key board is not functioning or is not attached correctly, try a different key
board, if its has a PS/2 connector then make sure its not plugged into the mouse
connector.

RAM Error:
Remove ram inspect for cracks, bad connectors or dust. Insert the chip back into the
slot and make sure its firmly seated properly in the slot, if the mother board has more then
one slot then make sure the chip is in the first slot (i.e. closest to the CPU). If the problem
persists change ram. Download MS memory diagnostic.

Problems after booting:

Pc Freezes:

Check CPU fan, case fan and power box fan, make sure all are working and clean off
dust. Check hard drive, CPU, power supply for over heating. Some video cards may also
heat up and create excessive heat inside the case. Make sure that the case is kept cool, by

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maintaining good air flow.

Scan hard drive for bad sectors.

Make sure all devices are functioning properly are plugged in. Unplug any faulty device

Unplug any new devices or software installed.

Pc restarts while in use:

One problem could be bad RAM, replace RAM and restart machine. Open up
resource hungry applications like Office, Photoshop, many instances of internet explorer
until all the ram is used up. If system doesn't freeze or restart then return old chip to
manufacturer.

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Task 2:

Software Troubleshooting: Students have to be given a malfunctioning CPU due to system software
problems. They should identify the problem and fix it to get the computer back to working condition.

AIM: How to identify and recover the errors in Software

PROCEDURE:
BIOS SETUP & DISK FORMATTING

What Is BIOS?

BIOS is an acronym for Basic Input Output System

Why BIOS?

To run any system, there must be default settings so that the system can load those settings
when it is started or restarted. For a computer system the basic I/O settings and boot process
details are necessary to start a system.

All these default, predefined settings will be loaded in the BIOS and whenever we start the
system, these settings will be loaded.

How to view BIOS?

Whenever we start the system, we can enter into the BIOS Setup Utility by pressing Del
Key. Sometimes an F1 or F8 key has to be instead of DEL key, depending on the type of
BIOS.

When we enter in to this utility we get these following menus/services, depending upon our
mother board.

In main Menu, we can view the details such as BIOS Version, Processor Type, and Speed, RAM
Size and the system bus speed and memory speed.

We can change the settings like language system time and date. We can even change the
hyper threading facility if the processor supports this technology.

We must be very careful when we change these settings otherwise it may cause our system to
malfunction.

Here, we can change the settings of PCI devices, Floppy Drives configuration and chipset, USB
peripheral devices and even monitoring the Hardware.

Security

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We can set the supervisor password, to restrict unauthorized users to enter the BIOS setup

utility. User password can also be set to restrict the unauthorized persons to boot or use the

system.

What is a Password?

How to type a

Password?

We can even set the Chassis Intrusion to protect the system devices from removing the
components of the system.

Power

The power settings protect the system from power failures by configuring the ACPI.

For example, after power failure we can stay off the system or Power on the system or else
we can even make the system to restore its previous state by selecting the appropriate
options.

Boot

Silent boot : If this option is enabled it displays only the OEM logo and in the background
POST(Power on Self Test) completes. If this is disabled, instead of LOGO, we can view POST
messages

Rapid BIOS Boot: By enabling this option it will decrease the time needed to boot the by
skipping some unnecessary tests.

Here, we can also set the boot sequence from the available devices by selecting Boot
Device Priority.

We can even view the Hard Drives and any removable devices and attached to the system.

Exit

By selecting the appropriate options we can exit from the BIOS setup like exiting the setup
by saving or discarding the changes or even by loading optimal or default values.

Page 50
INTERNET & WORLD WIDE WEB

Task 1:

Orientation & Connectivity Boot Camp: Students should get connected to their Local Area Network
and access the Internet. In the process they should configure the TCP/IP setting. Finally student
should demonstrate, to the instructor, how to access the websites and e-mail. If there is no internet
connectivity preparations need to be made by the instructors to simulate the WWW on the LAN.

AIM: a) LAN connection & internet connection.

b) Accessing of websites and emails.
c) WWW on the LAN.

To configure TCP/IP settings

1. Open Network Connections.

2. Click the connection you want to configure, and then, under Network Tasks, click
Change settings of this connection.
3. Do one of the following:

• If the connection is a local area connection, on the General tab, under This
connection uses the following items, click Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), and then
click Properties.
• If this is a dial-up, VPN, or incoming connection, click the Networking tab. In This
connection uses the following items, click Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), and then
click Properties.

4. Do one of the following:

• If you want IP settings to be assigned automatically, click Obtain an IP address

automatically, and then click OK.
• If you want to specify an IP address or a DNS server address, do the following:

o Click Use the following IP address, and in IP address, type the IP address.
o Click Use the following DNS server addresses, and in Preferred DNS
server and Alternate DNS server, type the addresses of the primary and
secondary DNS servers.

5. To configure DNS, WINS, and IP Settings, click Advanced.

Notes

• To open Network Connections, click Start, point to Settings, click Control Panel, and
then double-click Network Connections.
• You should use automated IP settings (DHCP) whenever possible, for the following
reasons:
o DHCP is enabled by default.

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 If your location changes, you do not have to modify your IP settings.
o Automated IP settings are used for all connections, and they eliminate the need
to configure settings such as DNS, WINS, and so on.

To make a Local Area Connection

• If you have a network adapter installed, and have set up a home or small office network,
you are connected to a local area network (LAN). You are also connected to a LAN if
your Windows XP Professional computer is part of a corporate network. When you start
your computer, your network adapter is detected and the local area connection
automatically starts. Unlike other types of connections, the local area connection is
created automatically, and you do not have to click the local area connection in order to
start it.

To make an Internet connection

1. Open Network Connections.

2. Under Network Tasks, click Create a new connection, and then click Next.
3. Click Connect to the Internet, and then click Next.
4. Choose one of the following:

• If you already have an account with an Internet service provider (ISP), click Set
up my connection manually and then click Next.
• If you have a CD from an ISP, click Use the CD I got from an ISP and then
click Next.
• If you do not have an Internet account, click Choose from a list of Internet
service providers (ISPs) and then click Next.

5. From your choice above, click one of the following:

Set up my connection manually

• If you are connecting to your ISP using a standard 28.8 Kbps, 56 Kbps, or ISDN
modem, click Connect using a dial-up modem, click Next, and follow the
instructions in the wizard.
• If your DSL or cable modem ISP connection requires a user name and password,
click Connect using a broadband connection that requires a user name and
password, click Next, and then follow the instructions in the wizard.
• If your DSL or cable modem ISP connection is always on and does not require you
to type a user name and password, click Connect using a broadband connection
that is always on, click Next, and then click Finish

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Task 3:

Web Browsers, Surfing the Web: Students customize their web browsers with the LAN proxy
settings, bookmarks, search toolbars and pop up blockers. Also, plug-ins like Macromedia Flash and
JRE for applets should be configured.

AIM: a) LAN proxy settings

b) Bookmarks
c) Toolbars popup blockers
PROCEDURE:

•The internet is a network of networks which are interconnected world widely. The web is a
tool used to retrieve information published on the internet. To navigate the web we use a
browser Internet Explorer, Mozilla Fire Fox …etc.

Internet Addresses
•Each computer on the internet has its own address each document, essay, image, etc. on the
WWW has its own address •To find a web document, follow a link or key in a web address
(URL).Highlighted words or text in a WWW document•
•An electronic document stored on a web server uses HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)may
include text, sound, animation, images usually has links to other Web pages or different parts of
the same Web site.
Example: http://www.yahoo.com

Customizing the Web Browser

• LAN Proxy Settings
•Bookmarks
•Search Toolbars
•Pop-up blockers
•Managing Plug-ins

Proxy Server

•A server that sits between a client application, such as a Web browser, and a real server.
• It intercepts all requests to the real server to see if it can fulfill the requests itself. If not,
it forwards the request to the real server.

Specifying Proxy Settings in Internet Explorer

•Goto Tools->Internet Options in main menu

•Click on the Connections tab
•Click on Lan Settings button
•Specify the proxy server address and port in the Proxy server section.
• If you want to specify different proxies for different servers or you do not want to use
proxy servers for some addresses, click on Advanced.

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–You can provide different proxy address and ports for different servers.
–You can enter addresses for which you do not want to use proxy servers.

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Navigating the Web Using Internet Explorer

•Moving within a page:

– Page up/down keys

– Up/down arrow keys
– Scroll bar on the right side
–Clicking on hypertext links (may be text, images, URL)
–Using the navigation, location or menu tool

Internet Explorer Toolbar Buttons

•To add a page to your list of favorite pages

1. Go to the page that you want to add to your Favorites list.
2. On the Favorites menu, click Add to Favorites.
3. Type a new name for the page if you want to.

•To open one of your favorite pages, on the Favorites menu, click the page you want to open.
•As your list of favorite pages grows, you can organize them by moving them into
subfolders Tasks
• Customize the browser

1. Security Settings
2. Privacy Settings
3. Pop-up Blocking

Search Toolbar

Google Toolbar
http://toolbar.google.com

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Macromedia Flash:

Macromedia Flash uses vector-based graphics. Vector-based graphics can be easily re-sized
and are stored as very small files. This ensures that any menus, animations, applications or
movies that you create with Flash will load extremely fast over even the slowest Internet
connection.

Basically Macromedia Flash is an animation tool for creating movies that run on your
computer as well as on the Internet using the Flash player. It is now widely used to create
animated and interactive advertisements for the web pages. This kind of advertisements are
more effective than static advertisement because of the animation well as sound and music
that accompanied them. In fact, Macromedia Flash itself can create a whole webpage and it is
more lively than plain HTML.

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Task 4:

Search Engines & Netiquette: Students should know what search engines are and how to use the
search engines. A few topics would be given to the students for which they need to search on
Google. This should be demonstrated to the instructors by the student.

AIM: How to search for a given word or query

PROCEDURE:

Search Engines

•Software that lets a user specify search terms. The search engine then finds sites that
contain those terms.
Over time a search engine builds a database of searchable terms that can be matched to web
sites. Examples:
➢ www.google.com.
➢ www.altavista.com.
➢ www.AskJeeves.com.

Query
Terms entered into a form of a search engine’s web page. Not necessarily phrased as a question
since words such as “what”, “a”, “is” etc. would be ignored. Enter specific keywords. Make sure
your spelling is correct. Methods of searching use more than one word, quotes, Boolean
queries,+ sign or - sign, * (wild card).
Boolean Query

AND, OR, NOT

•A AND B–results in sites containing both A and B
•A OR B –results in sites containing A or B, or both A and B
•A AND NOT B–results in sites containing A and excludes sites containing both A and B.
Stemming
Some search engines will return results that include variations on the endings of words
like computer, computers ,computed.

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Meta search Engines
Performs a search by using more than one search engine to do the search.
–www.metasearch.com
–www.metacrawler.com
–www.dogpile.com
–www.infind.com
White Pages
Used for finding individuals
–www.bigfoot.com
–www.four11.com

–www.whowhere.com
Types of Links
•Text Hyperlink
• Image Hyperlink

•Mailto Hyperlink – launches a mailer

• Intra-document Link (Internal link) - links to another location within the same page.

To open a web page in a new browser window.

•Right-mouse click on the link of interest and then select “Open in new window”.
•Click on the original browser window on the task bar below in order to continue viewing the
original web page while that page loads. This speeds up your search since you can view one
page while another is loading.

Netiquette "Netiquette" is network etiquette, the do's and don'ts of online communication.
Netiquette covers both common courtesy online and the informal "rules of the road" of
cyberspace.

What is Netiquette?

Simply stated, it's network etiquette -- that is, the etiquette of cyberspace.“Etiquette” means
“the forms required by good breeding or prescribed by authority to be required in social or
official life.” In other words, Netiquette is a set of rules for behaving properly online.

Page 58
The golden rule: Do unto others as you'd have others do unto you. Imagine how you'd feel if
you were in the other person's shoes. Stand up for yourself, but try not to hurt people's
feelings.

Electronic communication lacks the facial expression, gestures and tone of voice to convey
your meaning. It’s easy to misinterpret meaning of words.
Would you say it to the person's face?

If the answer is no, rewrite and reread. Repeat the process till you feel sure that you'd feel as
comfortable saying these words to the live person as you do sending them through cyberspace.
Remember, when you communicate through cyberspace your words are written. Chances are
they're stored somewhere. They can come back and haunt you. You don't have to be engaged
in criminal activity to want to be careful. Any message you send could be saved or forwarded by
its recipient. You have no control over where it goes.

If you use shareware, pay for it.

Paying for shareware encourages more people to write shareware. The few dollars
probably won't mean much to you, but they benefit all of cyberspace in the long run.

Breaking the law is bad Netiquette.

• If you're tempted to do something that's illegal, chances are it's also bad Netiquette.
• Netiquette varies from domain to domain. What's perfectly acceptable in one area may
be dreadfully rude in another.

• Netiquette is different in different places, so it's important to know where you are. Lurk
before you leap
• When you enter a domain of cyberspace that's new to you, take a look around. Spend a
while listening to the chat or reading the archives. Get a sense of how the people who
are already there act. Then go ahead and participate.

Bandwidth is the information-carrying capacity of the wires and channels that connect

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everyone in cyberspace. It also refers to the storage capacity of a host system.

Page 60
Task 5:

Cyber Hygiene: Students would be exposed to the various threats on the internet and would be
asked to configure their computer to be safe on the internet. They need to first install antivirus
software, configure their personal firewall and windows update on their computer. Then they need
to customize their browsers to block pop ups, block active x downloads to avoid viruses and/or
worms.

AIM: a) Threats on Internet.

b)Anti-virus Installation.
PROCEDURE:

Types of Internet Threats

1. Viruses
2. Network Worms
3. Trojans
4. Spyware / Adware
5. Other Malware
6. Other Threats

Viruses
• Main purpose is to spread and infect files.
• Attach to a file and replicate when file is executed.
• More than 100 000 known viruses exists in the world today.
• Several hundred new viruses are discovered every month.

Network Worms
• Self-replicating Viruses that reside in the active memory of a computer.
• Worms Send themselves out to the Internet from infected systems.
• Either include tiny e-mail server or search for unprotected shared network drives to unload.

Trojan Programs
• Programs that installs themselves stealthy via Internet & provide access for malicious use.
• Threats enabled by (/through) Trojans.
–DDos attacks.
–Data stealing.
–Distributed spam emails.
–Do not replicate.

Spyware / Adware
• Cookies – Track you online
• Browser Hijackers – Changes default home page
• Tracking Cookies – Gathers info of web usage
•Trickles – Reinstalls spyware when deleted
•Key loggers – Records anything you type!

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• Data-Mining

Other Threats
• Phishing
–Confidential information stealing by fraud emails & web sites (author falsified)

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–Several millions of Phishing messages have been sent world wide.
–Fastest growing threat today.
• SPIM
–Instant Messaging SPAM.
–Estimated: 4 billion SPIM's during 2004.

Diagnosing Infections
•Slow computer, system reboots.
•Mouse moves by itself.
•Browser goes to unexpected web sites.
•Slow internet access.
•Endless popup ads.
•New desktop toolbars.
•Disabled antivirus scanner or firewall.
•Check startup program group regularly for software you didn’t install.
•Check Add/Remove programs for software you didn’t install (make a list of installed items on
a new machine and check the list regularly).
•Check running services monthly.
•Check running processes in Task Manager.
•Monitor open ports.
•Monitor outgoing and incoming connections.

•When the flaws are discovered, the vendor generally fixes them and places patches on their.
Web sites.–https://www.Microsoft.com/Security (Windows, Internet Explorer, Outlook, etc.)
–http://www/redhat.com/solutions/security/ (Red Hat Linux)
–http://securityresponse.symantec.com/ (Norton Anti-Virus)
•Some vendors provide a tools for Automatic Updates.

Anti-Virus Software :is a software) designed to detect and destroy computer viruses.

•Examples
–Quick heal Anti-Virus.
–Norton Anti-Virus.
–Mc Afee Anti-Virus.
–AVG Anti-Virus.

Antispyware Tools
• Only Software tools exist at the moment.
• Programs are trying to detect distinctive signs that spyware places on system.
• Popular software.
–Lava soft: Ad-Aware SE.
–Spybot: Search & Destroy.

Firewalls
• Monitor network traffic and Block access by configured rules.
• Software Vs. Hardware.

Page 63
• Stateful inspection.
–Examine the headers & content of each passing network packet.

Antivirus installation steps:

For Example: How do I install Quick Heal Anti-Virus?

Using Quick Heal CD:

1. Insert Quick Heal CD. .It is a auto run CD.

2. Click on Install Quick Heal.
3. Quick Heal has a very simple installation procedure.
4. While you are installing, simply read each installation screen, follow the instructions, and
then click Next to continue.

Page 64
LaTeX and WORD

Word and LaTeX Orientation: Importance of LaTeX and MS office 2007. Overview of LaTeX and
Microsoft (MS) office 2007 - Accessing, overview of toolbars, saving files, Using help and resources,
rulers, format painter in word.

Task 1:

Using LaTeX and Word to create project certificate: Features to be covered:- Drop Cap and
Character Spacing in word, Formatting Fonts, Applying Text effects, Borders and Colors, Inserting
Header and Footer, Using Date and Time option in both LaTeX and Word

AIM:
a) Formatting Fonts in Word
b) Drop Cap in Word
c) Applying Text Effects
d) Using Character Spacing
e) Boarders and colors
f) Inserting Header and Footer
g) Using Date and time option

PROCEDURE:
Formatting Fonts in Word:

Heading 1 + 16 pt, Bold, Black

1) Select the text you want to change.

2) On the Format menu open, click Styles and Formatting and select Heading1.
3) On the Format menu, click Font, and then click the Font tab and modify the Font
Size, Style and Color.

Normal + Verdana, 9.5 pt, Bold, Italic, Dark Blue

1) Select the text you want to change.
2) On the Format menu open, click Styles and Formatting and select Normal.
3) On the Format menu, click Font, and then click the Font tab and modify the Font,
Size, Style and Color.

"nd" as superscript
1) Select the text you want to change.
2) On the Format menu, click Font, and then click the Font tab and select the Effect.

Page 65
 Drop cap:

• Click the paragraph that you want to begin with a "drop cap," a large dropped
initial capital letter.
• On the Format menu, click Drop Cap.

• Click Dropped.

Set font to:

Emboss and Text Color white
• Select the text you want to change.
• On the Format menu, click Font, and then click the Font tab and select the Effect
and Font Color.

Grey text shading

• Select the text you want to change.
• On the Format menu, click Borders and Shading, and then click the Shading tab.

• Select Color and click OK.

• Alternatively, use the shading button in the toolbar. Select the text and click on
the toolbar

Set font to:

❖ Normal + Verdana, Bold, Italic, Black

• Select the text you want to change.

• On the Format menu open, click Styles and Formatting and select Normal.

• On the Format menu, click Font, and then click the Font tab and modify
the Font, Size, Style and Color.

Page 62
Set font to:
❖ Raised and Expanded character spacing

• Select the text you want to change.

• On the Format menu, click Font, and then click the Character Spacing tab and
Click Expanded in the Spacing box, and then specify how much space you
want in the By box.
❖ Border the given text

• Select the text you want to change.

• On the Format menu, click Borders and Shading, and then click the Borders tab.

• Click Text under Apply to.

Strikethrough Font effect
❖ Select the text you want to change.

❖ On the Format menu, click Font, and then click the Font tab and select the Effect.

Underline styling

❖ Select the text you want to change.

❖ On the Format menu, click Font, and then click the Font tab and select
the Underline Styles.
Outline Font
❖ Select the text you want to change.

❖ On the Format menu, click Font, and then click the Font tab and select the Effect.

Paragraph indentation

❖ Justify With 1 Inch Right Margin

• Select the paragraphs in which you want to change spacing.

• On the Format menu, click Paragraph, and then click the Indents and Spacing tab.

• Modify Alignment, Indentation and spacing.

• View in the Preview section before applying.
❖ Alternatively, the toolbar can be used for paragraph alignment.

• Left Align
• Justify With 1 Inch Right Margin

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 • Center Align

• Right Align
Drop Cap Column

❖ Click the paragraph that you want to begin with a "drop cap," a large dropped
initial capital letter.
❖ On the Format menu, click Drop Cap.

❖ Right Click and select Hyperlink.

❖ Under Link to, click Place in This Document. In the list, select the heading or
bookmark you want to link to.

Insert Date and Time in Footer

On the View menu, click Header and Footer to open the header or footer area on a page.

• On the Insert menu, click Date and Time. Select the Date format and
Check/Uncheck Update Automatically option and click OK.
• When you finish, click Close on the Header and Footer toolbar

OUTPUT: a) Formatting Fonts in Word

ABCDEFG

b) Drop Cap in Word

DRopcap
In word
c)Applying Text Effects
Text Effects
d)Using Character Spacing
CharacterSpacIng
e)Boarders and colors

Boarders and colors

f)Inserting Header and Footer

output is as per instructions

Page 64
Task 2: Creating project abstract Features to be covered: Formatting Styles, Inserting table, Cell
alignment, Bullets and Numbering, Changing Text Direction, Footnote, Hyperlink, Symbols, page
numbering, Spell Check and Track Changes.

Install LaTeX using command: sudo apt-get install texlive-full

Need datatool.sty file or install this package for importing csv file.
Need data.csv file which contain information retrieved from database.
Here is the exmaple of data.csv:
Name,Dep,photo

Rajdeep,Information Technology,img/index1.jpeg

Reena,Information Technology,img/index1.jpeg Rajan

verma,Information Technology,img/index1.jpeg Sham

kumar,Information Technology,img/index1.jpeg Rita

In the above, img is Technology,img/index1.jpeg

Verma,Information the folder which contain photos of people

Need logo of an organisation or institute, background image and photo of the persons.

logo.png
background1.jpg

Maximum and minimum size of photos is 1000*1000 pixels and 2100*2800 pixels
respectively.
certificate1.tex which is main file and it includes following code the code.

Page 65
\definecolor{a}{rgb}{0,0.08,0.45}

\definecolor{red}{rgb}{0.5,0,0}

\newcommand\BackgroundPic{

\put(0,0){

\parbox[b][\paperheight]{\paperwidth}{%

\vfill

\centering

\includegraphics[width=\paperwidth,height=\paperheight,

keepaspectratio]{background1.jpg} % here include background image

\vfill

}}}

%=============================

\usepackage{datatool} % This package is required to include database file as .csv

\DTLloaddb{name}{data.csv} % data.csv includes information from database

%=============================
%=============================
\def\signature#1#2{\parbox[b]{1in}{\smash{#1}\vskip12pt}
\hfill \parbox[t]{2.8in}{\shortstack{\vrule width 2.8in height 0.4pt\\\small#2}}}
\def\sigskip{\vskip0.4in plus 0.1in}
\def\beginskip{\vskip0.5875in plus 0.1in}
%=============================
\begin{document}
\AddToShipoutPicture{\BackgroundPic} % here background image is called
%=============================
\DTLforeach{name}{
\name=Name, \dep=Dep, \photo=photo}{
%=============================

Page 66
 \noindent
\begin{minipage}[l]{1.5in}
\includegraphics[width=.92\linewidth]{logo.png} %Here include left side image
\end{minipage}
\hfill
%=============================
\begin{minipage}[c]{6.5in}
{\centering
{\onehalfspacing
{\LARGE\bfseries\color{a}ACE ENGINNERING COLLEGE }\\
{\bfseries\color{red}(NBA Accreditated)}\\

}}
\end{minipage}
\hfill
%=============================
\begin{minipage}[r]{1.0in}
\includegraphics[width=1.2\linewidth]{\photo} %here include right side image
\end{minipage}
\hfill

%=============================
\noindent
\begin{minipage}[l]{1.5in}
\end{minipage}
\hfill
%=============================
\begin{minipage}[c]{6.5in}
{\centering
{\doublespacing
{\LARGE\bfseries\color{a} Certificate}\\
{\LARGE\bfseries\color{a} Of}\\
{\LARGE\bfseries\color{a} (Six Week Industrial Training)}\\
}}
\end{minipage}
\hfill
%=============================
\begin{minipage}[r]{1.0in}
\end{minipage}
\hfill
%=============================
\vspace{4cm}
\doublespacing
\noindent{{\bfseries This is to certified that {{\underline{\name}}} student of
{{\underline{\dep}}} department

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▪ of ACE Engineering College has successfully completed six week industrial training on the
day \underline{ 15 },in the month of \underline{ June }, the year\underline{ 2012 }.
▪

▪ }}
▪ \noindent
▪ %\beginskip
▪ {\singlespacing
▪
\vfill
▪
\begin{minipage}[l]{2.8in}
▪
\sigskip \signature{}{\bfseries\color{a} Dr. Harish Kumar \\ \bfseries\color{a} Co-
▪
ordinator }
▪
\end{minipage}
▪▪
\hfill
▪▪
\begin{minipage}[c]{2.8in}
▪▪
\sigskip \signature{}{\bfseries\color{a} Dr. Harish Kumar \\ \bfseries\color{a} Co-
▪ %=============================
▪ \pagebreak
▪ \end{document}
after this, just compile certificate.tex file using command:
▪ $pdflatex certificate1.tex
▪
This will produce certificate.pdf which have multiple certificates.
▪
If you want to convert pdf to jpg images, Here is the method:

1. First install image magic tool using command: sudo apt-get install image magic
2. Create the folder named jpg
3. Run the following command to convert pdf file to jpg images:
$convert -density 300 certificate.pdf jpg/certificates’

Page 68
AIM: a) Formatting Styles
b) Inserting table
c) Bullets and numbering
d) Changing Text direction
e) Cell alignment
f) Foot note, Hyperlink, Spell check
g) Track changes

PROCEDURE:
Table:
Border Style
o Select table
o On the Format menu, click Borders and Shading, and then click the Borders tab
o Click Paragraph under Apply to, click Options, and then select the options you
want.
Cells Split
o On the Table menu, click Split Cells
o Select the number of columns or rows you want to split the selected cells into.
Cells Merge
o Select cell to merge
o On the Table menu, click Merge Cells

Paragraph Border:
Select Paragraph
o On the Format menu, click Borders and Shading, and then click the Borders tab
o Click Paragraph under Apply to, click Options, and then select the options you
want.

Bullets and numbering:

Select the text that you want to change

o On the Formatting toolbar, click Bullets and Numbering
o In numbers tab choose style and click on continue previous list.

Paragraph Bordering:

Select Paragraph
On the Format menu, click Borders and Shading, and then click the Borders tab.
Click Paragraph under Apply to, click Options, and then select the options you want.

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 Bullets:
Select the text that you want to change
o On the Formatting toolbar, click Bullets and Numbering
o In bulleted tab choose style.

Text Direction:

o Click the table cell that contains the text you want to change
o On the Format menu, click Text Direction and Click the orientation you want

Cell Alignment:

o Click the cell that contains text you want to align

o On the Tables and Borders toolbar, select the option for the
horizontal and vertical alignment you want— for example, Align
Bottom Center or Align Top Right

o
On the Insert menu, point to Reference, and then click Footnote
o
In the Number format box, click the format you want and click Insert.

Hyperlink:
It is a colored and underlined text or a graphic that you click to go to a file, a location in
a file, an HTML page on the World Wide Web, or an HTML page in an intranet.

Spell check:
It automatically checks for spelling and grammatical errors.

Track changes:
Track changes are an excellent feature of Microsoft word as it enables a user or
reviewer to keep track of the changes that have taken a period. Changes like insertion,
deletion or formatting changes can be kept track of.

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 OUTPUT:

Formatting Styles

b) Inserting table

NAME MARKS AVG

ABCD 990 99%

XYZ 950 95%

c) Bullets and numbering

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Task 3:

Creating a Newsletter: Features to be covered:- Table of Content, Newspaper columns, Images from
files and clipart, Drawing toolbar and Word Art, Formatting Images, Textboxes, Paragraphs and Mail
Merge in word.

AIM:
a) Newspaper Columns
b) Images from files and clipart
c) Drawing toolbar and word art
d) Formatting Images
e) Text boxes and paragraphs
f) Mail merge in word

PROCEDURE:
Newspaper columns:

One can create a newspaper columns document by specifying the number of

new letter-style column required and then adjust their width and add vertical lines
between columns.
Select the entire or part of document to be converted into a newsletter-style
Click on format menu, select columns
Any desired number of columns are presets-one or two or three or left or right b\can
be selected.
Width and spacing can be fixed and equal columns width can be checked for
uniformity If newspaper columns are to be separated by a line, then check line
between
Under apply to will be whole document if entire document is selected else we have to
select a selected text.
• Click ok

Images from files and clipart:

Inserting a picture (graphic) from a file and clipart may be required for a document.
This picture could be a scanned photograph or any other digitally produced one. These
pictures can be modified, resized, cropped and enhanced.
Click where you want to insert the picture.
On the Insert menu, point to Picture, and then click From
File. Locate the picture you want to insert.

Double-click the picture you want to insert

Clip
Art:
On the Insert menu, point to Picture, and then click Clip Art.
In the Clip Art task pane, in the Search for box, type a word or phrase that describes
the clip you want or type in all or some of the file name of the clip.
• To narrow your search, do one or both of the following:
o To limit search results to a specific collection of clips, in the Search in
box, click the arrow and select the collections you want to search.

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o To limit search results to a specific type of media file, in the Results
should be box, click the arrow and select the check box next to the
types of clips you want to find.

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 Click Go.
If you don't know the exact file name, you can substitute wildcard characters for one
or more real characters. Use the asterisk (*) as a substitute for zero or more
characters in a file name. Use the question mark (?) as a substitute for a single
character in a file name.
o In the Results box, click the clip to insert it.

Drawing toolbar and Word Art:

One can create his/her own drawings in Microsoft word. Ms word provides a full
fledged drawing tool bar. Word Art in Microsoft word enables you to create special and
decorative text. Click in your document where you want to create the drawing.
On the Insert menu, point to Picture, and then click New Drawing. A drawing canvas
is inserted into your document.
Use the Drawing toolbar to add any shapes or pictures that you want.

Word Art:
On the Drawing toolbar, click Insert WordArt .
Click the WordArt effect you want, and then click OK.
In the Edit WordArt Text dialog box, type the text you want.
Do any of the following:
o To change the font type, in the Font list, select a font.
o To change the font size, in the Size list, select a size.
o To make text bold, click the bold button.
o To make text italic, click the Italic button.

Formatting Images:
Formatting an image includes selecting appropriate color, size, layout and cropping.
Generally the text in a document follows a standard orientation (line after line). A text box
provides a different orientation to the text with in a document. It can arrange the text in any
where and can be resized and moreover moved to any section of the document or even
outside.
When you are formatting a paragraph, you do not need to highlight the entire
paragraph. Placing the cursor any -where in the paragraph enables you to format it. After
you set a paragraph format, subsequent paragraphs will have the same format unless you
change the format
Formatting of the images can be achieved by selecting the image and double
click on the picture, format picture dialog box appears.
• The same can be achieved by selecting the tools menu > customize>tool
bars tab>picture and click close.

Basic formatting features of an image

Resize a drawing
Select the drawing canvas

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 On the Drawing Canvas toolbar, do one of the following:
o To make the drawing canvas boundary larger without changing the size of
the objects on the canvas, click Expand.
o To make the drawing canvas boundary fit tightly around the
drawing objects or pictures, click Fit.
o To scale the drawing and make the objects and canvas proportionately
smaller or larger, click Scale Drawing, and then drag the edges of the
canvas.

Resize a picture or shape:

Position the mouse pointer over one of the sizing handles

Drag the sizing handle until the object is the shape and size you want.
To increase or decrease the size in one or more directions, drag the mouse
away from or toward the center, while doing one of the following:
o To keep the center of an object in the same place, hold down CTRL while
dragging the mouse.
o To maintain the object's proportions, drag one of the corner sizing handles.
o To maintain the proportions while keeping the center in the same place,
hold down CTRL while dragging one of the corner sizing’s handles.

Crop a picture:

Select the picture you want to

crop. On the Picture toolbar, click
Crop
Position the cropping tool over a cropping handle and then do one of the following:
To crop one side, drag the center handle on that side inward.
o To crop equally on two sides at once, hold down CTRL as you drag the center
handle on either side inward.

oTo crop equally on all four sides at once, hold down CTRL as you drag a
corner handle inward.
On the Picture toolbar, click Crop to turn off the Crop command.
Textboxes and Paragraphs:

Text Box:

On the Drawing toolbar, click Text Box .

Click or drag in your document where you want to insert the text box
You can use the options on the Drawing toolbar to enhance a text box— for
example, to change the fill color— just as you can with any other drawing object

Paragraphs:
Change line spacing

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• Select the text you want to change.

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 On the Formatting toolbar, point to Line Spacing, and then do one of the following:
o To apply a new setting, click the arrow, and then select the number that you want.
o To apply the most recently used setting, click the button.
o To set more precise measurements, click the arrow, click more, and
then select the options you want under Line Spacing.

Change spacing before or after paragraphs:

Select the paragraphs in which you want to change spacing.

On the Format menu, click Paragraph, and then click the Indents and Spacing tab.
Under Spacing, enter the spacing you want in the before or after box.

Change paragraph direction:

Place the insertion point in the paragraph that you want to change, or
select several paragraphs.
• Do one of the following:
o To have text begin from the left, click Left-to-Right on the Formatting toolbar.
o To have text begin from the right, click Right-to-Left on the Formatting toolbar.

When you change the paragraph direction, Microsoft Word leaves justified and
centered text as it is. In the case of left-aligned or right-aligned text, Word flips the
alignment to its opposite. For example, if you have a left-to-right paragraph that is
right aligned, such as the date at the top of a letter, clicking Right-to-Left results in a
right-to-left paragraph that is left aligned.

Mail Merge:

On the Tools menu, point to Letters and Mailings, and then click Mail Merge.
Word displays the Mail Merge task pane.
Select type as ―Letters‖ and click ―Next: Starting Document‖.
Click Use the current document, and Click ―Next: Select recipients‖.
Under Select recipients, click Use an existing list.
Click Browse.
In the Select Data Source dialog box, locate and click the data source you want.
Browse for the given ―List.txt‖ file., and Click Open.
All of the entries in the data source appear in the Mail Merge Recipients
dialog box, where you can refine the list of recipients to include in the merge.
Click Next: Write your letter.
Click on the location where you want to put a merge field. Click on more items.
Select and Insert the merge field at that location.
Click Next: Preview your letters.

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To preview the items in order, click the arrow buttons.
To exclude a particular recipient from the merge, click Exclude this recipient.
Click Next: Complete the merge.
You can either print all the letters or Edit individual letters
• Click Edit individual letters.
• To merge all the documents, click All.
• Save it to a separate document for future use

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Excel

Excel Orientation: Importance of MS Excel 2007. Using Excel – Accessing, overview of toolbars,
saving excel files, Using help and resources.

AIM: a) Accessing
b) Overview of toolbars
c) Saving Excel files
PROCEDURE:

Accessing:

To begin, load the spreadsheet by quickly clicking twice on the Excel 2003 Windows
Icon in the Windows Screen. If you do not see an Excel Icon, click-on the Start Button in the
lower left corner of the screen, move the cursor up to Programs, and then move to Microsoft
Excel 2003 and click-on it.

A spreadsheet is a ―number manipulator.‖ To make the manipulation of numbers easier all

spreadsheets are organized into rows and columns. Your initial spreadsheet will look
something like the one below:

Notice that the ―main‖ part of the spreadsheet is composed of Rows (Labeled 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.)
and Columns (Labeled A, B, C, D, etc.). There are a lot of rows and columns in a spreadsheet
intersection‖ of each row and column is called a cell. In the image above the cursor is on the
―home‖ cell – A1. Notice Row 1 and Column A are ―bold and colored ―orange.‖ This
indicates what is called the ―address of the cell. Notice right above cell A1, that A1 is displayed
in a small box called the Name Box. Whenever you ―click‖ on a cell the address of that cell will
be shown in
the Name Box
Overview of toolbars:
Title bar
Menu
bar
Formatting toolbar

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Status bar
Horizontal bar
Vertical bar

Page 79
 Saving spreadsheets:

We have done quite a bit of work so now is a good time to save our spreadsheet.
Point to file in the Menu Bar at the top of the spreadsheet. Point to Save As and click-on
Save As. A Save As menu box appears (like the one below).

Notice in the upper left corner that there is a ―box‖ to the right of save in: with a down
pointing arrow to the right. Click-on the arrow. This will show you all of the ―drives‖ and
―folders‖ where you may save your work.

When you see the drop-down list in the Save in: area, choose the drive where you want to
save your file. If you are going to use a diskette, put a formatted 3 ½ diskette in the A Drive,
then click-on the 3 ½ Floppy (A):. We are going to save our file on the Local Disk (C:) – our
hard drive, so we chose that drive in the image above (see top arrow).

To the right of File name:, delete the information (which is in the box) and type-in
MYBUDGET (see lower left arrow). This is the name under which you are saving your file. (In
the future you will choose logical names for your spreadsheets as you save them.) Now point
to Save and click the left mouse button (see lower right arrow).

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Task 1:

Creating a Scheduler: Features to be covered: Gridlines, Format Cells, Summation, auto fill,
Formatting Text.

AIM: a) Gridlines
b) Format cells
c) Auto fill
d) Formatting Text

PROCEDURE:
Grid lines:

Click the worksheet.

On the file menu, click page setup and the click the sheet tab.
Click gridlines.
Select the sheets on which you want to change the gridlines color.
On the Tools menu click options click the color you want in the color box.
To use the default gridlines color click automatic.
Lines you can add to a chart that make it easier to view and evaluate data.
Gridlines extend from the tick marks on an axis across a plot area.

NOTE: Worksheets print faster if you print without gridlines.

Format Cell:

Change the font and font

size. Change the text color.
Make selected text or numbers bold, italic or underlined.

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 Create a new style

Auto fill:
Combine cells horizontally or vertically to make one large cell.
Add borders to cells.
Shade cells with colors.
Change the column width and row height
Change the font, font size or colors of text.
Align text vertically at the top, center and bottom of cell.

Formatting the text:

Select the text you want to format.
On the format menu click cells and then click number tab.
In the catalog box click text.
Enter the numbers in the formatted cells.

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 Click ok.
Then press enter and reenter the data
First click start button of the screen on status bar. Click on programs and then
Microsoft excel. To get a new blank work sheet go to programs and then click on excel sheet.
On the file menu click page setup and then click sheet tab click gridlines. In this way do the
required changes using format cell, make the required changes using formatting text also
make the required changes. Enter the data in the data in the worksheet consisting of week
name person name and timings 7 a.m. to 3 p.m. Make all the above changes to the text.

OUTPUT:
Format cells, Auto Fill, Formatting Text.

Page 83
Task 2:

Calculating GPA: Features to be covered:- Cell Referencing, Formulae in excel – average, standard
deviation, Charts, Renaming and Inserting worksheets, Hyper linking, Count function,
LOOKUP/VLOOKUP.

AIM: a) Cell referencing

b) Formulae in Excel
c) Charts
d) Renaming and inserting worksheets
e) Hyper linking
f) Count Function
g) Sorting and conditional Formatting

PROCEDURE:
Cell referencing:

We want our numbers to look better. To do this we'll include dollar signs and decimal points in
our numbers. This is done by using the mouse. Point to cell C6, hold down the left mouse
button and drag down slowly to highlight cells C6 through C19. Your screen should look like the
one at the top of the next page

Formulae in Excel:
First click on start button at the bottom of the screen on status bar. Click on programs and then
on Microsoft excel. Then open a new document. Give the main heading and subheading by
changing the size so that they look in block letters. Enter the data. To calculate go to Insert
menu in the menu bar and then click on function and then ok. Then select the data to which

Page 84
you want to calculate mean. Then you get the required answer. In same way, sample means
standard deviation lower count limit and upper count limit. Go to insert menu and click on
function and select the required operation to be done and select the data and calculate.
Formulas for all the above are given below.

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Mean = (s1 + s2 + s3 + s+ s5)/5; Sample mean = avg(mean)
Standard deviation = (mean, sample, mean)
Sample standard deviation= avg (Standard deviation)
Lower count limit = sample mean – sample standard deviation.
Upper count limit = Sample mean + Sample Standard deviation

Charts: On the worksheet, arrange the data that you want to plot in a chart.
How to arrange data for different chart types
For a column, bar, line, area, surface or radar chart, you should arrange
the data in columns or rows.
o Data in columns:
o Data in rows:

A 1 2
B 4 3

For a pie or doughnut chart with only one series of data, you
should arrange the data in one column or row only.
One column of data and one column of data labels:

A 1
B 2
C 3

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 For a pie chart or doughnut chart that has more than one series of data,
you can arrange the data in more than one column or row.
More than one row of data:

A B C
1 2 3
2 3 3

For an xy (scatter) or bubble chart, you can arrange the data in columns, so
that x values are listed in the first column and corresponding y values
and/or bubble size values are listed in adjacent columns.
Data in columns:

X Y BUBBLE
1 2 3
4 5 6

For a stock chart, you need to arrange data in the following order (in rows or
columns): high values, low values, and closing values. Use names or dates as
labels.
Data in columns:

Date High Low Close

1/1/2016 46.2 45 45

Select the cells that contain the data that you want to use for the chart.

Renaming and inserting worksheets:

In the file menu go to menu then a new worksheet is created.

To add a single worksheet, click worksheet on the Insert
menu.
To add multiple worksheets hold down shift and then click the number
of worksheet tasks to add in a open workbook
First click on start button at the bottom of the screen on status bar. Click on programs and
then Ms-excel. Then enter the data as given. Enter the student‘s names, Subjective wise
marks, total and avg. Then calculate the total and avg by using formula. Then go to Data menu
and click sort. Under first key sort, click custom sort order needed i.e. ascending order or
alphabetical order and then click ok.

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 Hyper Linking:
Create a worksheet: On the file menu, click new, and then click blank
workbook task pane.
• Insert a worksheet: C lick worksheet on the insert menu. Right click on sheet
tab and then click insert double click the template for the type of sheet you
want.
• Hyperlink: Using hyperlink we can insert one more sheet in the present sheet
o First click on start button of the screen on status bar. Click on programs
and then Ms-excel. To get a new blank worksheet go to programs and
then click on excel sheet. Rename the first sheet as student by right
clicking on sheet 1 and renaming. Insert hyperlink insert and click on
hyperlink. Then go to sheet 2 and rename as CSE type in particulars of
ECE right click on sheet 3. Then go to sheet -4 rename as IT. In this
type all the four sheets are created.
Count function: Create a blank worksheet press control +c. In the worksheet
select cell A and press control +c. On the tools menu point to formula
auditing and then click formula auditing menu.
Sort and Conditional formatting:

Click a cell in the list you want to sort.

On the Data menu click sort.
Under first key sort click the custom sort order you want and then click
ok. Click any other sorting option you want.

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 Conditional Formatting:
Select the cells for which you want to add, change, or remove conditional formatting
On the Format menu, click Conditional Formatting.
Do one of the following:

• To use values in the selected cells as the formatting criteria, click Cell Value Is,
select the comparison phrase, and then type a constant value or a formula. If
you enter a formula, start it with an equal sign (=).
• To use a formula as the formatting criteria (to evaluate data or a condition other
than the values in selected cells), click Formula Is and then enter the formula
that evaluates to a logical value of TRUE or FALSE.
• Click Format.
• Select the formatting you want to apply when the cell value meets the condition
or the formula returns the value TRUE.
• To add another condition, click Add, and then repeat steps 1 through 3.
You can specify up to three conditions. If none of the specified conditions are
true, the cells keep their existing formats
Change or remove a conditional format

Do one or more of the following:

o To change formats, click Format for the condition you want to change.
o To reselect formats on the current tab of the Format Cells dialog box, click Clear
and select new formats.
To remove one or more conditions, click Delete, and then select the check box for the
conditions you want to delete.

OUTPUT: Formulae in Excel

Page 89
Renaming and inserting worksheets:
Worksheet name changed and new worksheets are
inserted Hyper linking:

Sorting and conditional Formatting:

Page 90
 Task 3:

Performance Analysis: Features to be covered: Split cells, freeze panes, group and outline, Sorting,
Boolean and logical operators, Conditional formatting.

AIM:

To create Excel with split cells, freeze panes, group and outline, sorting, Boolean
and logical operators, conditional formatting

THEORY:

Split Cells:

Excel allows you to split the workbook window into two horizontal or vertical panes and also to split cells
or data across many cells.

Sort:

1. Click a cell in the list you want to sort.

2. On the Data menu click sort.

3. Under first key sort click the custom sort order you want and then click ok. Click any other
sorting option you want

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89
Freeze Panes:

You can freeze a pane from a split window or just freeze rows or columns without splitting
the window.

PROCEDURE:

Sort:

First click on start button at the bottom of the screen on status bar. Click on programs
and then Ms-excel. Then enter the data as given. Enter the student’s names, Subjective wise
marks, total and avg. Then calculate the total and avg by using formula. Then go to Data menu
and click sort. Under first key sort, click custom sort order needed i.e. ascending order or
alphabetical order and then click o.k. Then the required worksheet is prepared

Split cells:

Page
90
Spread the content of one cell over many cells

1. Copy the data you want into the upper-leftmost cell within the range.
2. Select the cells you want to merge.

3. To merge cells in a row or column and center the cell contents, click Merge and Center
on the Formatting toolbar.

Split merged cells

1. Select the merged cell When cells have been combined, Merge and Center on the
Formatting toolbar is selected

2. Click Merge and Center on the Formatting toolbar.

Divide text across cells

1. Select the range of cells that contains the text values. The range can be any number of
rows tall, but no more than one columns wide.
2. On the Data menu, click Text to Columns.

3. Follow the instructions in the Convert Text to Columns Wizard to specify how you want
to divide the text into columns.

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91
Split Windows:

1. At the top of the vertical scroll bar or at the right end of the horizontal scroll
bar, point to the split box.

2. When the pointer changes to a split pointer, drag the split box down or to the
left to the position you want.
Freeze Panes:

1. To freeze a pane, do one of the following:

The top horizontal pane Select the row below where you want the split
toappear.

The left vertical pane Select the column to the right of where you want
the splitto appear.

Both the upper and left panes Click the cell below and to the right of
whereyou want the split to appear.

2. On the Window menu, click Freeze

Panes. Outline:

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92
Outline the data automatically
1. Select the range of cells you want to outline. To outline the entire
worksheet, click any cell on the worksheet.
2. On the Data menu, point to Group and Outline, and then click Auto Outline.
Outline the data manually

1. Select the rows or columns that contain detail data.

2. On the Data menu, point to Group and Outline, and then click Group.
The outline symbols appear beside the group on the screen.

3. Continue selecting and grouping detail rows or columns until you have
created all of the levels you want in the outline.

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93
Boolean and Logical Operators:

Microsoft Excel provides 4 logical functions to work with the logical values.
The functions are AND, OR, XOR and NOT.
You use these functions when you want to carry out more than one comparison in your formula or
test multiple conditions instead of just one. As well as logical operators, Excel logical functions return
either TRUE or FALSE when their arguments are evaluated.

The following table provides a short summary of what each logical function does to help you
choose the right formula for a specific task.
Formula
Function Description Formula Description
Example

The formula returns TRUE if a

Returns TRUE if all of value in cell A2 is greater than
=AND(A2>=10,
AND the arguments or equal to 10, and a value in
B2<5)
evaluate to TRUE. B2 is less than 5, FALSE
otherwise.

The formula returns TRUE if

A2 is greater than or equal to
Returns TRUE if any
=OR(A2>=10, 10 or B2 is less than 5, or both
OR argument evaluates
B2<5) conditions are met. If neither
to TRUE.
of the conditions it met, the
formula returns FALSE.

The formula returns TRUE if

either A2 is greater than or
Returns a logical equal to 10 or B2 is less than
=XOR(A2>=10,
XOR Exclusive Or of all 5. If neither of the
B2<5)
arguments. conditions is met or both
conditions are met, the
formula returns FALSE.

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94
 Returns the reversed
logical value of its The formula returns FALSE if
argument. I.e. If the a value in cell A1 is greater
NOT argument is FALSE, =NOT(A2>=10) than or equal to 10; TRUE
then TRUE is returned otherwise.
and vice versa.

Using the AND function in Excel:

Formula Description

=AND(A2="Bananas", Returns TRUE if A2 contains "Bananas" and B2 is greater

B2>C2) than C2, FALSE otherwise.

Using the OR function in Excel

The syntax of the Excel OR function is very similar to AND:

OR(logical1, [logical2], …)

.Formula Description

=OR(A2="Bananas", Returns TRUE if A2 contains "Bananas" or "Oranges", FALSE

A2="Oranges") otherwise.

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95
 Returns TRUE if B2 is greater than or equal to 40 or C2 is greater
=OR(B2>=40, C2>=20)
than or equal to 20, FALSE otherwise.

Returns TRUE if either B2 or C2 is blank or both, FALSE

=OR(B2=" ", C2="")
otherwise.

Using the XOR function in Excel

In Excel 2013, Microsoft introduced the XOR function, which is a logical Exclusive OR function.

The syntax of the XOR function is identical to OR's :

XOR(logical1, [logical2],…)

Formula Result Description

Returns TRUE because the 1st argument is TRUE and the

=XOR(1>0, 2<1) TRUE
2nd argument is FALSE.

=XOR(1<0, 2<1) FALSE Returns FALSE because both arguments are FALSE.

=XOR(1>0, 2>1) FALSE Returns FALSE because both arguments are TRUE.

The screenshot below illustrates the point:

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96
Using the NOT function in Excel:

The NOT function is one of the simplest Excel functions in terms of syntax:
NOT(logical)

You use the NOT function in Excel to reverse a value of its argument.

For example, both of the below formulas return FALSE:

=NOT(TRUE)

=NOT(2*2=4)

=NOT(C2="black")

Group objects

1. Select the objects you want to group.

2. To select multiple objects, hold down SHIFT while you select each object.
3. On the Drawing toolbar, click Draw, and then click Group.

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97
Ungroup objects

1. Select the group you want to ungroup.

2. On the Drawing toolbar, click Draw, and then click

Ungroup. To continue ungrouping, click Yes when the
message box appears.

To change an individual object, continue to select and ungroup objects

until the one you want becomes available.

3. Use the tools on the Drawing toolbar to change the object

Conditional Formatting:

1. Select the cells for which you want to add, change, or remove conditional formatting
2. On the Format menu, click Conditional Formatting.
3. Do one of the
following: Add a
conditional
format
1. Do one of the following:

To use values in the selected cells as the formatting criteria, click

Cell Value Is, select the comparison phrase, and then type a
constant value or a formula. If you enter a formula, start it with an
equal sign (=).

To use a formula as the formatting criteria (to evaluate data or a

condition other than the values in selected cells), click Formula Is
and then enter the formula that evaluates to a logical value of
TRUE or FALSE.

2. Click Format.
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98
 3. Select the formatting you want to apply when the cell value meets the
condition or the formula returns the value TRUE.

4. To add another condition, click Add, and then repeat steps 1

through 3. You can specify up to three conditions. If none of the
specified conditions are true, the cells keep their existing
formats

Change or remove a conditional format

Do one or more of the following:

o To change formats, click Format for the condition you want to change.

o To reselect formats on the current tab of the Format Cells dialog box, click clear and
select new formats.
o To remove one or more conditions, click Delete, and then select the check box for the
conditions you want to delete

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99
Power Point

Task 1: Students will be working on basic power point utilities and tools which help them
create basic power point presentation. Topic covered during this week includes: - PPT
Orientation, Slide Layouts, Inserting Text, Word Art, Formatting Text, Bullets and
Numbering, Auto Shapes, Lines and Arrows.

AIM:
a) PPT orientation
b) Slide layout
c) Inserting Text and Word Art
d) Formatting text
e) Bullets and Numbering
f) Auto shapes

PROCEDURE:

PPT Orientation:

Double click quickly on the PowerPoint icon on the Windows desktop (see image on
right), or click-on the Start button, in the lower left corner of the screen, then click-on
Programs, and then on Microsoft PowerPoint.

On the format menu, click slide layout.

On the slides tab in normal view, select the slides; you want to apply a layout too.
In the slide layout task pane, point to layout you and then click it.
A new slide can also be inserted within the task pane. Point the layout you
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100
want the slide to have, click the arrow and then click the insert new slide.

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101
 Inserting Text and Word art:
Text can be added to layout.
Align text in the top, middle or bottom of a cell.
Align text on the right or left, or in the center of a
cell. Change cell margins.
Insert a tab in a table.
To make the symbol command available, in normal view, place the insertion point on
the outbox tab or in a text place holders on the slide.
• On the insert menu, click symbol.
To change fonts, click a name in the font box.

Formatting Text:
.
Select the text you want to format as superscript or subscript.

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 To show or hide text formatting, on the standard toolbar, click show formatting.
On the format menu, click font

Bullets and numbering:

Select the lines of text that you want to add bullets or numbering
to. Click bullets or numbering.
Auto shapes:
Select the auto shape that has the text you want to position.
Double-click the selection rectangle of the auto shape or text box and then click the
text box tab in the format dialog box.
In the text anchor point box, click the position you want the text to start in.

Lines and arrows:

In Microsoft power point, double click the chart.

Double click the chart item you want to change.
On the patterns tab, do one or both of the following.
o To change the colors, patterns or lines, select the options you want.
o To specify a fill effect, click fill effect and then select the options you
want on the gradient, text patterns or picture tabs.
To return to the slide, click outside the slide.
First click on start button at the button of the screen on status bar. Click
on programs and then Microsoft PowerPoint. Go to file and new. Then you find
different pattern of slides on right side of your screen. Then select which is
completely empty. Then enter the contents in the first slide as per given
information, name in the second slide, Address in the third slide, Hobbies in the
fourth slide and friends in the fifth slide. Except first slide, all the second, third,
fourth, fifth slides should be inserted. When you select pattern of slide from a
new slide, on slide which you selected you will find an arrow towards its right
side, click that arrow and then again click insert slide. Then save it. Then adjust
the layout. Then format the text then give bullets or numbering to the text if
required. Go to auto shapes. Select more auto shapes and insert wherever
required. Then again go to insert option and select new slides. And select chart
and a chart with datasheet appear. Give the name, roll no, marks in three
subjects and calculate the total. Then save the file

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OUTPUT:

Inserting Text and Word art:

Bullets and numbering:

Formatting Text:

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Auto Shapes:

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Task 2: Topic covered during this week includes: Hyperlinks, Inserting –Images, Clip Art,
Audio, Video, Objects, Tables and Charts.

AIM: a ) Hyperlinks
b) Inserting Images & Clipart
c) Inserting Audio, Video and Objects
d)Inserting Tables and charts

PROCEDURE:
Hyperlink:

Select the text or object that you want to represent the

hyperlink. Click insert hyperlink.
Under link to, click place in this document.

Inserting Images & Clipart:

Insert Images:

• Click where you want to insert the picture.

• On the drawing tool bar, click insert picture.

• Locate the folder that contains the picture that you want to insert,
and then click the picture file.
CLIP ART:
• On the insert menu, point to structure and then click clipart.
• In the search for box, type a word or phrase that describes the clip, you wa
type in all or same of the file menus of the clip.
• In the results box, click the clip to insert it.

clipART
Inserting Audio, Video and Objects:
• On the slide show menu, click setup show. Under performance
check box. If your computer has their capability, office
PowerPoint will attempt to use it.
• Animation performance will be much better with a video card
that has Microsoft direct 3D.

Inserting Audio Video And Objects

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Inserting Tables and charts:
Table:

On the standard tool bar, click insert table.

Print to select the numbers of rows and columns you want and then click.
Chart:

Click the slide where you want to place the embedded object.
On the insert menu, click chart.
Click a cell on the data sheet and then type the information you want.
To return to the slide, click outside the chart

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 Inserting Images & Clipart:

Inserting Tables and charts:

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Task 3: Topic covered during this week includes: - Master Layouts (slide, template, and notes), Types of
views (basic, presentation, slide sorter, notes etc), and Inserting – Background, textures, Design
Templates, Hidden slides.
Aim: To create a power Point presentation on business by using master layouts and see the
presentation in different views.

EXPLANATION:-

MASTER LAYOUTS:-

1. On the view menu, point to master, and then click slide master.

2. To insert a slide master, do the presentation given in slides and lastly add date
and footer to the slides.

SLIDE SHOW:

1. On the slides tab in the normal view, select the slides you want to set the things for.
2. On the slide show menu, click side transition.
3. Under advance slide, select the automatically after checkbox, and then number of
seconds you want the slide to appear on the screen

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PROCEDURE:

First click on start button. Then click programs, and then power point presentation.
Then select file menu and click on new. Then you get a new blank presentation. Then in
the first slide, enter the title as business and give product name as sub title. Then insert
the second slide. Then enter the title as about the product and give description as sub
title. Then insert the third slide and enter the title as sales about product and enter
something about it sales. In this way, complete the three slides. Then click on view and
then master and then enter date in the space provided for footer. Then you find these
two in all slides and then again go to view and click on slide show.

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VIVA Questions:

1) Define hardware?

2) Define software?

3) What are the functional units of a computer?

4) IDE Stands for

5) What are the other names for LAN card

6) What is the use of LAN card?

7) Give the advantages of Linux over other OS?

8) Who wrote Linux?

9) What are the Flavors of Linux?

10)What is the hardware trouble shooting?

11)What is the device manager?

12)What are the troubles related to the monitors?

13) Define a software trouble shooting?

14) What is the system restore?

15) How much the free hard disk drive space?

16) Define internet

17) What is the Intranet?

18) What is a sneaker net?

19) What is the tool needed to surf the internet?

20) What is the first commercial browser?

21) What are the popular web browser

22) Define search engine

23) What is a spider?

24) Give the main purpose of WWW

25) What is antivirus software?

26) What is a firewall?

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27) What are the three basic types of Firewall?

28) What do you mean by a spread sheet?

29) What is the Auto Fill?

30) What is a grid line?

31) What is an average function?

32) What is the syntax of average function?

33) What is a count function?

34) Define hyper link

35) Define slide show

36) Define slide transition

37) What is animation

38) How can you insert a table in power point?

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Additional Programs Beyond Syllabus:
Task1:LAN Network Trouble shooting

Procedure:

A local area network (LAN) is a collection of devices connected together in one physical location, such as a
building, office, or home. A LAN can be small or large, ranging from a home network with one user to an
enterprise network with thousands of users and devices in an office or school.

Regardless of size, a LAN's single defining characteristic is that it connects devices that are in a single, limited
area. In contrast, a wide area network (WAN) or metropolitan area network (MAN) covers larger geographic
areas. Some WANs and MANs connect many LANs together.

A LAN comprises cables, access points, switches, routers, and other components that enable devices to
connect to internal servers, web servers, and other LANs via wide area networks..

For example, in an office with multiple departments, such as accounting, IT support, and administration,
each department's computers could be logically connected to the same switch but segmented to behave as
if they are separate.
1. Check the hardware. When you’re beginning the troubleshooting process, check all your hardware
to make sure it’s connected properly, turned on, and working. If a cord has come loose or somebody
has switched off an important router, this could be the problem behind your networking issues.
There’s no point in going through the process of troubleshooting network issues if all you need to do
is plug a cord in. Make sure all switches are in the correct positions and haven’t been bumped
accidentally.
Next, turn the hardware off and back on again. This is the mainstay of IT troubleshooting, and while
it might sound simplistic, often it really does solve the problem. Power cycling your modem, router,
and PC can solve simple issues—just be sure to leave each device off for at least 60 seconds before
you turn it back on.
2. Use ipconfig. Open the command prompt and type “ipconfig” (without the quotes) into the terminal.
The Default Gateway (listed last) is your router’s IP. Your computer’s IP address is the number next
to “IP Address.” If your computer’s IP address starts with 169, the computer is not receiving a valid IP
address. If it starts with anything other than 169, your computer is being allocated a valid IP address
from your router.

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3. Try typing in “ipconfig /release” followed by “ipconfig /renew” to get rid of your current IP address
and request a new one. This will in some cases solve the problem. If you still can’t get a valid IP from
your router, try plugging your computer straight into the modem using an ethernet cable. If it works,
the problem lies with the router.
4. Use ping and tracert. If your router is working fine, and you have an IP address starting with
something other than 169, the problem’s most likely located between your router and the internet.
At this point, it’s time to use the ping tool. Try sending a ping to a well-known, large server, such as
Google, to see if it can connect with your router. You can ping Google DNS servers by opening the
command prompt and typing “ping 8.8.8.8”; you can also add “-t” to the end (ping 8.8.8.8 -t) to get it
to keep pinging the servers while you troubleshoot. If the pings fail to send, the command prompt
will return basic information about the issue.
You can use the tracert command to do the same thing, by typing “tracert 8.8.8.8”; this will show
you each step, or “hop,” between your router and the Google DNS servers. You can see where along
the pathway the error is arising. If the error comes up early along the pathway, the issue is more
likely somewhere in your local network.
5. Perform a DNS check. Use the command “nslookup” to determine whether there’s a problem with
the server you’re trying to connect to. If you perform a DNS check on, for example, google.com and
receive results such as “Timed Out,” “Server Failure,” “Refused,” “No Response from Server,” or
“Network Is Unreachable,” it may indicate the problem originates in the DNS server for your
destination. (You can also use nslookup to check your own DNS server.)
6. Contact the ISP. If all of the above turn up no problems, try contacting your internet service provider
to see if they’re having issues. You can also look up outage maps and related information on a smart
phone to see if others in your area are having the same problem.
7. Check on virus and malware protection. Next, make sure your virus and malware tools are running
correctly, and they haven’t flagged anything that could be affecting part of your network and
stopping it from functioning.
8. Review database logs. Review all your database logs to make sure the databases are functioning as
expected. If your network is working but your database is full or malfunctioning, it could be causing
problems that flow on and affect your network performance.

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TASK 2: Create a Latex document using mathematical expressions like Subscript, Superscript, Integral,
Summation, fractions.

Procedure:

\[ \int\limits_0^1 x^2 + y^2 \ dx \]

documentclass{article}

\begin{document}

\[ \int_0^1 x^2 + y^2 \ dx \]

\end{document}

By convention, superscripts and subscripts in LATEX are created using the characters ^ and _ respectively;
for example, the exponents applied to xx and yy in the code fragment above. Those characters can also be
used with mathematical symbols, such as the integral (\int) included in the example above where _ is used
to set the lower limit and the ^ for the upper limit.

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The command \limits changes the way the limits are displayed in the integral, if not present the limits would
be next to the integral symbol instead of being on top and bottom:

\documentclass{article}
\title{Subscripts and Superscripts}
\author{Examples from Overleaf}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
Here are some examples of simple usage of subscripts and superscripts:
\[ \int\limits_0^1 x^2 + y^2 \ dx \]
\vspace{1cm}
Using superscript and subscripts in the same expression
\[ a_1^2 + a_2^2 = a_3^2 \]
\vspace{1cm}
Longer subscripts and superscripts:
\[ x^{2 \alpha} - 1 = y_{ij} + y_{ij} \]
\vspace{1cm}
Nested subscripts and superscripts
\[ (a^n)^{r+s} = a^{nr+ns} \]
\vspace{1cm}
Example of a mathematical equation with subscripts and superscripts
\[ \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n^s} = \prod_p \frac{1}{1 - p^{-s}} \]
\vspace{1cm}
Squared root usage
\[ \sqrt[4]{4ac} = \sqrt{4ac}\sqrt{4ac} \]
\end{document}

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Page
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Scheme of Evaluation( Autonomous):

Internal Assessment

S. No. Assessment of work Evaluation in Marks

1 Lab observation-day to day work 10

5
2 Record
15
3 Internal laboratory Test

Total Marks 30

External Assessment

S. No. Assessment of work Evaluation in Marks

1 Write up 25
2 Experimentation & Results 25
3 Viva 20

Total Marks 70

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References:
1. Comdex Information Technology course tool kit Vikas Gupta, WILEY Dreamtech

2. The Complete Computer upgrade and repair book, 3rd edition Cheryl A Schmidt, WILEY
Dreamtech

3. Introduction to Information Technology, ITL Education Solutions limited, Pearson Education.

4. PC Hardware - A Handbook – Kate J. Chase PHI (Microsoft)

5. LaTeX Companion – Leslie Lamport, PHI/Pearson.

6. IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Companion Guide Third Edition by David Anfinson

and Ken Quamme. – CISCO Press, Pearson Education.

7. IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software Labs and Study Guide Third Edition by Patrick

Regan – CISCO Press, Pearson Education.

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