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Labbb 3

This document details a lab report by Abbas Ahmad Afridi on modeling a first-order control system using Simulink in MATLAB. It outlines the objective, system equations, and the process of building a model to simulate the motion of a car under specific forces. The lab concludes with insights gained on system stability and the importance of first-order dynamics in control engineering.

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Mubasher Hassan
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8 views4 pages

Labbb 3

This document details a lab report by Abbas Ahmad Afridi on modeling a first-order control system using Simulink in MATLAB. It outlines the objective, system equations, and the process of building a model to simulate the motion of a car under specific forces. The lab concludes with insights gained on system stability and the importance of first-order dynamics in control engineering.

Uploaded by

Mubasher Hassan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Abbas Ahmad Afridi

22MDMLE086

LAB NUM
03

Submitted from:
Abbas Ahmad Afridi
Reg Number:
22MDMLE086
COURSE :
Control Engineering
Submitted to :
Engr Mushuf Saib
Abbas Ahmad Afridi
22MDMLE086

Introduction to SIMULINK
Objective
To grasp the important role of mathematical models of physical systems in the design and
analysis of first order control systems.

Modelling of First Order System in Simulink


Free Body Diagram and System Equation
To demonstrate how Simulink can be used to investigate a real-world system, we will look at a
simplified, first-order model of the motion of a car. If we assume the car to be travelling on a
flat road, then the horizontal forces on the car can be represented by:

Schematic of the system


In this diagram:
• v is the horizontal velocity of the car (units of m/s).
• F is the force created by the car's engine to propel it forward (units of N).
• b is the damping coefficient for the car, which is dependent on wind resistance, wheel
friction, etc. (units of N*s/m) We have assumed the damping force to be proportional to
the car's velocity.
• M is the mass of the car (units of kg).
Writing Newton's Second Law for the horizontal direction thus gives:

𝑑𝑣
𝑀 = 𝐹 − 𝑏𝑣
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡
For our system, we will assume that:
M = 1000 kg (a Dodge Neon has a mass of about 1100 kg), b = 40 N*sec/m

Building System Model


Abbas Ahmad Afridi
22MDMLE086
This system will be modeled in Simulink by using the system equation derived above. This

the car (𝐹 − 𝑏𝑣) divided by the car's mass:


equation indicates that the car's acceleration (dv/dt) is equal to the sum of the forces acting on

𝑑𝑣 1
= (𝐹 − 𝑏𝑣)
𝑑𝑡 𝑀

To model this equation, we begin by inserting a Sum block and a Gain block into a new model
window. The Sum block represents adding together the forces and the Gain block symbolizes
dividing by the mass. Connecting the blocks with a line gives the following in the model
window:

We also modify the Gain block so that it divides by the car's mass. Double-click on the block and
change the Gain to 1/1000. To keep our block diagram organized and easy to understand, we
next add labels to the signals and blocks we have included so far. A block is labeled by clicking
on the text underneath it and editing the description. Draw lines to the open input terminals of
the Sum block and open output terminal of the Gain block and label the signals and blocks in
the model so that they look like:

To relate the car's acceleration to its velocity-dependent damping force, we will integrate the v dot
signal. Place an Integrator block in the model, draw and label the velocity signal so that the model looks
like:

To obtain the damping force from the velocity, we need to branch the velocity signal and multiply it by
the damping coefficient (b). The velocity signal is branched by clicking the right mouse button anywhere
Abbas Ahmad Afridi
22MDMLE086
on its line (or hold down CTRL and use the left mouse button) and dragging away a new signal. A Gain
block is then used to multiply the velocity by the damping coefficient. Finally, edit the Gain block's
parameters so that its gain equals the damping coefficient of the system (40 N*sec/m). These additions
to the model should cause it to look like:

Note that the block diagram is now set up with input F (engine force) and output v (car velocity).

Step Input
To be able to successfully simulate the system, we need to specify an applied input, 𝐹. Let us assume
the car is initially at rest, and that the engine applies a step input of 𝐹 = 400 𝑁 at 𝑡 = 0. Insert a
Step block from the Sources into the model and also add a Scope block from the Sinks to monitor the
system's velocity, v. The Simulink model window should now look like:

the Step block's input is monitored continuously during simulation.


Next, run a simulation of the system. Once the simulation has finished, double-click on the Scope block
to view the velocity response to the step input. Clicking on the "Autoscale" in the Scope window will
produce the following graph:

Conclusion In this lab, we successfully modeled a first-order system using Simulink in


MATLAB. The simulation provided a clear understanding of the transient and steady-state
response of a first-order system, demonstrating the system’s stability and the effect of changes
in input signals on the output. Through the practical application of Simulink blocks and system
modeling, we reinforced our understanding of first-order dynamics and its importance in
control systems and signal processing. The lab enhanced our skills in using MATLAB tools for
system analysis and simulation.

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