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Unit 4 Coa

This document covers micro programmed control organization, including control memory, address sequencing, and the design of control units. It explains the function of the control unit, the structure of microinstructions, and the necessary capabilities for address sequencing. Additionally, it provides examples of microinstruction code formats and emphasizes the importance of control bits in initiating microoperations.

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9 views14 pages

Unit 4 Coa

This document covers micro programmed control organization, including control memory, address sequencing, and the design of control units. It explains the function of the control unit, the structure of microinstructions, and the necessary capabilities for address sequencing. Additionally, it provides examples of microinstruction code formats and emphasizes the importance of control bits in initiating microoperations.

Uploaded by

dracula 0247
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit-4

Micro programmed Control


Organization:

Prepared by:
Subject:- COA Asst. Prof. S Joshi
Y JOSHI
•Shweta •1
Code:-3140707 (CSE Department,ACET)
Topics to be covered
• Control Memory,
• Address sequencing,
• Micro program example,
• Design of Control Unit

•Shweta Joshi •2
Control Memory
• The function of the control unit in a digital computer is to
initiate sequences of micro operations.
• The control unit initiates a series of sequential steps of micro
operations.
• The control variables at any given time can be represented by
a string of 1's and 0's called a control word.
• As such, control words can be programmed to perform
various operations on the components of the system.
• A control unit whose binary control variables are stored in
memory is called micro programmed control unit.
• A memory that is a part of control unit is called a control
memory.

•Shweta Joshi •3
Address sequencing
•Control memory address register specifies the address of the microinstruction,
and the control data register holds the microinstruction read from memory.
•The microinstruction contains a control word that specifies one or more micro
operations for the data processor.
•The next address generator is sometimes called a micro program sequencer, as
it determines the address sequence that is read from control memory.
•The control data register holds the present microinstruction while the next
address is computed and read from memory. The data register is sometimes
called a pipeline register.
•It allows the execution of the micro operations specified by the control word
simultaneously with the generation of the next microinstruction.

•Micro programmed control organization


•Shweta Joshi •4
Address sequencing
The address sequencing
capabilities required in a
control memory are:

1. Incrementing of the control


address register.
2. Unconditional branch or
conditional branch, depending
on status bit conditions.
3. A mapping process from
the bits of the instruction to
an address for control
memory.
4. A facility for subroutine
call and return.

•Shweta Joshi •5
Micro program example

Computer hardware configuration.

•Shweta Joshi •6
Micro program example

•Microinstruction code format (20 bits).

•The micro operations are subdivided into three fields of three


bits each.
•The three bits in each field are encoded to specify seven
distinct micro operations
•The CD (condition) field consists of two bits which are
encoded to specify four status bit conditions
•The BR (branch) field consists of two bits. It is used, in
conjunction with the address field AD

•Shweta Joshi •7
Micro program example

•Microinstruction code format (20 bits).

•The micro operations are subdivided into three fields of three


bits each.
•The three bits in each field are encoded to specify seven
distinct micro operations
•The CD (condition) field consists of two bits which are
encoded to specify four status bit conditions
•The BR (branch) field consists of two bits. It is used, in
conjunction with the address field AD

•Shweta Joshi •8
Micro program example
The fields specify the following information.

1. The label field may be empty or it may specify a symbolic address. A


label is terminated with a colon (:).

2. The microoperations field consists of one, two, or three symbols, separated


by commas, . There may be no more than one symbol from each F field. The
NOP symbol is used when the microinstruction has no micro operations. This
will be translated by the assembler to nine zeros.

3. The CD field has one of the letters U, I, S, or Z.

4. The BR field contains one of the four symbols defined in previous Table

5. The AD field specifies a value for the address field of the microinstruction
in one of three possible ways:
a. With a symbolic address, which must also appear as a label
b. With the symbol NEXT to designate the next address in sequence
c. When the BR field contains a RET or MAP symbol, the AD field is
•Shweta Joshi •9
left empty and is converted to seven zeros by the assembler.
Micro program example

•Shweta Joshi •10


Design of Control Unit
• The bits of the microinstruction are usually divided into
fields, with each field defining a distinct, separate function.
• The various fields encountered in instruction formats provide
control bits to initiate microoperations in the system, special
bits to specify the way that the next address is to be
evaluated, and an address field for branching.
• The number of control bits that initiate microoperations can
be reduced by grouping mutually exclusive variables into
fields and encoding the k bits in each field to provide 2^k
micro operations

•Shweta Joshi •11


Design of Control Unit

•Shweta Joshi •12


Design of Control Unit

•Shweta Joshi •13


References
• Images , descriptive Tables , from Computer System Architecture, Morris
Mano, 3rd edition Prentice Hall

• Note: These pdf/ppt notes are for purpose of teaching aids to


classroom/online sessions study, and in no case imply for GTU syllabus or
GTU exam. For GTU syllabus or exam related preparation, one may, however
will need to attend college/online lectures and refer books given by GTU in
their official syllabus.

•Shweta Joshi •14

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