Smart Transport Facility

Smart Transportation
• City transportation is an important pillar
for quality of life of citizens in a city.
Currently, in most of the cities, public and
private road transportation are the key modes
of commuting and logistics. Some large and
mega cities have metro and local train
network as the backbone transportation
mode.
 Public Transport – Key Issues
• Lack of quality and safe public transportation,
inadequate capacity of public transportation,
• road safety concerns, overcrowded road network,
• poor traffic management,
• parking issues,
• theft,
• poor road conditions,
• lack of modal options (including pedestrian walkways)
remain the key issues in most of the cities. Most cities also lack
the integrated transportation plans leading to huge demand-supply
gap and poor transportation network. For transport operators,
huge demand-supply gap, under recovery and poor asset
management remain the key issues.
Lack of quality and safe public
transportation
 Transportation in Smart City
• In a smart city, the reliance is more on public transport
than on private.
• Public transport can be railways, subways, buses, bicycles,
streetcars, ferries and so on.
• Public transport is aimed at reducing the number of
vehicles on the road, but more importantly, save fuel &
energy and reduce emissions.
• It also aims at providing people with a transport system
that is comfortable, reliable and fast.
 Smart Transportation
• Transforming Public Transportation leveraging Smart
Technology Solutions
• Technology plays an important role by predicting demand
and supply data to feed into transportation planning.
• Technology can also help in improving reliability of public
transportation network by providing visibility on
arrivals/departures/route information for travellers for hassle-
free journey.
• Multi modal fare integration can help citizens to use
multiple modal options without hassle of purchasing
different tickets. Intelligent traffic management can aid
efficient traffic flow.
 Essentials of Smart Transportation
• A smart transportation system makes use of ICT to manage
itself without much human interference
• Essential hardware for such a system are –
- Sensors / cameras / other devices to collect data
- Wired / wireless network – close / dedicated network
- Monitoring equipment
- Public display system / PA system
- Fare collection system
• These sub systems are integrated by means of system
integration software
 Smart Transportation
• Geospatial-enabled efficient transportation
system: Geospatial-enabled services provide
periodic traffic forecast, journey planning mobile
applications based on real-time data, etc..
Dynamic Carpooling/Car
Sharing
 Smart Transportation
• Dynamic carpooling/car sharing: Carpooling
applications link drivers and passengers in real-
time, thus enabling dynamic carpooling.
• Drivers wishing to profit from their journeys can find
people situated on the same route via a smartphone
app and vice versa.
• Passengers can also directly pay his or her fare
through app, eliminating the need for any money
exchange. The costs of travel would typically be
capped.
 Smart Transportation
• GPS-based tracking and route information of
public transport: Advanced vehicle tracking
solutions enhance operations and optimizes public
transportation and ridership.
• These solutions offer real-time GPS tracking from
mobile devices thus increasing the reliability of
public transportation.
• Integrated transit hubs: Integrated transport hubs
seamlessly connect multiple modes of transportation
like bus system, metro system, etc..
 Smart Transportation
• Public transport surveillance: As the public
transit population grows, it becomes increasingly
important to launch surveillance system on the
public transport, for e.g. buses, mass transit
railway, underground, and trains to secure public
transportation. The administrators can monitor the
public transport remotely and take action against any
accidents/incidents. The video footage can also be
used as legal evidence against damage or criminal
action on the public transport.
Public Transport Surveillance
 Smart Transportation
• Road user charging: Road user charges are direct
charges levied for the use of roads, including road tolls,
distance or time-based fees, congestion charges and
charges designed to discourage use of certain classes of
vehicle, fuel sources or more polluting vehicles. These
charges help to reduce peak hour travel and the
associated traffic congestion or other social and
environmental negative externalities associated with
road travel such as air pollution, greenhouse gas
emissions, and visual intrusion, noise and road accidents. It
can be leveraged in certain busy areas or selected cities
to discourage private transport usage.
Road User Charging
 Smart Transportation
• Single fare card: Single fare card for fare payment
on the various participating public transportation
systems. The cards can be recharged by mobile
applications/internet/retail outlets. Potential extension
of the cards could also be for street parking.
• Smart parking: A smart parking leverages
parking sensors, cameras, smart parking solution,
etc.. to provide efficient management of on street
and off street parking spaces.
Single fare card/ Smart parking
 Smart Transportation
• Smart toll: Smart toll leverages technology
like number plate detection, RFID, etc.. to
charge toll fees to user account so that vehicles
do not have to wait at toll gates on local,
national and state highway.
• Smart traffic lights: Smart traffic lights
leverages technology to sense traffic
condition to tune traffic lights which enable
smooth flow of traffic.
Smart Toll
Smart traffic lights
 Smart Transportation
• Freight ICT services: Freight ICT applications can
help save time and energy by improving the
efficiency of freight vehicle operations including
processes at entry and exit and making better use
of the freight network. ICT brings the potential for
virtually unlimited data collection, greatly enhanced
predictive capabilities, and real-time, dynamic
decision-making and implementation which lead
to a more efficient freight system based on
completely visible and accessible physical and
digital networks.
Freight ICT services
 Smart Transportation
• Electric vehicles: Support electricity and
renewable energy operated cars with the
required infrastructure. Make a few cities as
pilot for "Plug-in" ready cities by facilitating
the expansion of a Public Electric Vehicle
(EV) infrastructure that ensures the safe,
reliable, and efficient integration of EV
charging loads with the power grid.
Public Electric Vehicle (EV)
 Intelligent Transportation Systems
• Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are
advanced applications which, without
embodying intelligence as such, aim to
provide innovative services relating to
different modes of transport and traffic
management and enable various users to be
better informed and make safer, more
coordinated, and 'smarter' use of transport
networks.
 Sensing Technologies In ITS
There are several existing modes
of sensing:

• static sensing, where sensors

are statically placed on the
road,

• mobile sensing, where sensors

are placed in the moving
vehicles

• hybrid sensing, where both in-

vehicle
and on-road infrastructure are
needed
 Technologies In ITS
Static sensing: techniques
• Loops and magnetic sensors - Vehicle
detection and counting using magnetic
sensors or loops under the road surface, and
deployed systems
• Images and videos - Video surveillance
to monitor traffic states and detect incidents
and hotspots is fairly common gives a
comprehensive survey of the major
computer vision techniques used in traffic
applications.
• Acoustic sensors – Some research is
being done to use acoustic sensors for traffic
state estimation, especially in developing
regions, where traffic being chaotic is noisy .
• RF sensors - Wireless radios placed
across the road have communication signals
affected by vehicular movement in between..
 Technologies In ITS
Mobile sensing: techniques
• GPS on public transport or fleet
vehicles – Many public transport and
fleet companies have GPS installed in
their vehicles for real time tracking..

• GPS on Smartphone's - With the

recent proliferation of smart phones,
Smartphone GPS is being studied for
hotspot detection and travel time
estimation, after handling noise in
GPS readings

• Sensors on Smartphone's - Other

than GPS, smart phones also have
sensors that can provide interesting
information. solved the problem of
reorienting the accelerometer of a
Smartphone to match the car axes.
 Technologies In ITS
Hybrid sensing techniques There are a set of techniques that use both
static infrastructure and mobile sensors to gain traffic information.
(1) Teledensity - Cell phone operators can give approximate vehicle
densities in the neighborhood of a given cell tower, based on
subscribers seen at that tower. There are commercial systems and
research efforts are based on this.
(2) Bluetooth – it is a system where roadside Bluetooth detectors sense
Bluetooth radios in phones inside vehicles. Correlating the sensed
Bluetooth addresses among different detectors, gives travel times of
the vehicles between the detectors.
(3) RFID - Similar systems are being explored using RFID tags on
vehicles and RFID readers on roads
Technologies In ITS
 Applications OF ITS
• Indian traffic can benefit
from several possible ITS
applications. One set of
applications is for traffic
management.
• Intersection control
• Incident detection
• Vehicle classification
• Monitoring
• Revenue collection
• Historical traffic data
Intelligent Transportation
System
 Applications OF ITS
• Another set of applications can
aid the commuters on roads.
• Congestion maps and travel
time estimates
• Public transport
• Information about arrival of
public transport
• Individual vehicle management
- Getting information
• Accident handling -
Emergency
Identified Benefits
 Real Time Traffic
Information Systems
• On–line information can be provided either
before or during the journey. The main
forms of information are:
 Real Time Traffic
Information Systems
• (i) Public Information Services: in house, in office
or in hotel information is provided via radio and
television bulletins or via a terminal (either computer
or television screen) using radio, TV, telephone or the
Internet to provide the communications link.
Examples of information provided to the TV
screen are Teletext and cable TV.
 Real Time Traffic
Information Systems
• (ii) Pre–trip information in public places. This can
be provided:
• by the use of information kiosks, placed in
airports, rail stations, bus stations and other
interchange points and also in offices (to encourage
employees to travel on public transport), hotel foyers
and at strategic places on streets. They consist of a
computer with a touch screen interface linked to
information sources via telephone or internet.
 Real Time Traffic
Information Systems
 Real Time Traffic
Information Systems
• by the use of Personal Digital Assistants /
smartphones – hand held computers with on–line
access to a variety of travel information sources.
 Real Time Traffic
Information Systems
• Large screen versions are increasingly being used
in motorway service stations, airports, hotels and
offices to give pre–trip or on–trip information. The
system employs a screen with a diagram of the
motorway networks, different sections of which can
be displayed at will. On–line information about
traffic conditions on the motorways, together with
a growing number of trunk and urban strategic
roads, is accessed via a network of speed
monitoring points.
 Real Time Traffic
Information Systems
(iii) On–trip information
• Dynamic Information Systems
• Variable Message Signs (VMS) are employed by highway
operators in order to enable important information to be
disseminated to road users during their journey. Types of VMS
are many and varied, using fairly basic electromechanical plates,
which rotate in order to alter the information presented to drivers,
through to fully–variable text message signs which can display
information about current road, weather or congestion conditions
ahead. Electromechanical Plate Signs are often employed in
place of a fixed direction or route information sign, e.g., for
describing the status of car parks or directing traffic to a
particular area of a city.
 Real Time Traffic
Information Systems
 Real Time Traffic
Information Systems
 Real Time Traffic
Information Systems
Lane Control Signs
• Lane Control Signs, as the name implies, are used on
expressways and are situated above each running lane of
the carriageway. In their most primitive form, the sign
provides a limited number of displays which are used to advise
drivers that they should expect to change lane, leave the
expressway or reduce their speed. More advanced Lane
Control Signs are capable of displaying an enforceable
speed restriction and, being linked to enforcement
cameras, are able to regulate the flow of traffic on
particular areas of carriageway. This enables a greater
number of vehicles to be carried on the network, reducing
congestion and preventing flow breakdown.
 Real Time Traffic
Information Systems
 Real Time Traffic
Information Systems
City Information Systems
• This system, which has at its heart an Urban
Traffic Control system, takes information from a
number of sources and makes it available to all
categories of road user. Variable Message Signs are
used to provide information about the number of
car park spaces available in the city, traffic flow
and congestion on major routes into, out of and
around the city and real time passenger information at
bus terminals and bus stops.
 Real Time Traffic
Information Systems
(iv) In–vehicle navigation systems
• These are of two main types (although a third could be defined as
combining the technologies from the two types):
• autonomous systems, which use digital maps and a direction finder
(GPS) within the vehicle to show where the vehicle is, on a small screen
map display within the driver’s range of vision; or
• dynamic systems, which comprise an in–vehicle direction finder,
computer system and small–screen display, connected via a form of
wire–less link (radio, digital telephone, microwave or infra–red have
all been used) to a central computer system. The driver keys in his
destination and is guided step–by–step to that location by means of voice–
over and directional arrows on the small screen, when approaching
junctions.
In–vehicle navigation systems
 Real Time Traffic
Information Systems
(v) Use of existing flows of information
• There are several sources of travel information
which are not being used to their full potential –
which is, perhaps, the key issue under–pinning the
debate on the marketable value of information
referred to above.
• For example, the SCOOT (Split, Cycle and Offset
Optimization Technique) system for co–
coordinating the timings of traffic signals across a
network of junctions
 Real Time Traffic
Information Systems
• Other sources of information include the ever–
increasing use of light aircraft and helicopter
surveillance of traffic on motorways and in cities;
discrete systems which are monitoring the
performance of fleets, such as buses and trucks;
incident detection systems, using loops, image
processing or overhead detectors
 Real Time Traffic
Information Systems
 Real Time Traffic
Information Systems
• These systems can assist travellers in a multiplicity of
ways:
• (i) They can relieve traffic congestion by suggesting the
alternative routes and by persuading travellers to move
their journey in time.
• (ii) In–car systems save time for drivers either by the
provision of route guidance which enables them to choose
the shortest route, or by providing traffic information so that
they can avoid hold–ups.
• (iii) Pre–trip information helps public transport passengers
to choose the fastest available or most convenient route. It
also encourages the use of combined modes of transport, and
helps transport operators to integrate their services.
 Real Time Traffic
Information Systems
 Real Time Traffic
Information Systems
• (iv) Real time passenger information at bus stops increases the
users’ confidence in the service and improves comfort. The
Countdown system in London and the Stopwatch system in
Southampton are being trialled.
• (v) Variable Message Signs can be used to provide parking
guidance so that an effective Park and Ride system can be set up,
from some miles outside a city. They can also be used to inform
drivers entering the city of the location of car parks and the number
of spaces available.
• (vi) In–vehicle information systems help freight drivers
undertaking Just–in–Time deliveries: on–line traffic information,
in particular, helps them to meet deadlines.
• (vii) All types of systems can be used to help the emergency
services improve their performance.
 Real Time Traffic
Information Systems
Implementation of Traffic Information
Systems
Key issues are:
(i) the collection of information from a variety of
sources involves co–operation between a number of
organizations who may not have operated in this way
before , e.g.. police, traffic managers, the motorway
organizations
(ii) Processing of information in a coherent and
consistent way in a standard form.
(iii) Dissemination of information must be done as
quickly and efficiently as possible, via the means
described earlier.
 Implementation of Traffic Information
Systems
(iv) Monitoring – the information flow must be
monitored continuously to ensure a uniformly high
quality, and to avoid gaps in provision.
(v) Institutional issues arise because of the
multiplicity of information sources, and the need for
a variety of public and private sector organizations
to co–operate, e.g. the police, motoring organizations,
private sector information collectors, passenger
transport operators, the Department of Transport and
local authority transport departments.
 Implementation of Traffic Information
Systems
(vi) Funding – the cost of setting up such systems will
need to be assessed against “value for money”
criteria plus normal local or central government
spending criteria. If the private sector is to become
involved, the business case must clearly identify sources
of capital, anticipated revenues, risk levels and the level
of public funding required.
• A special public/private sector association may
need to be set up in order to fund the “start up” of
such a multiple on–line information system in a
city, for example.
 Traffic Information Management

• Traffic information system may be

defined as an information system
which involves the collection and
processing of current traffic data by
traffic control agencies for dissemination
of such information to the users.
 Traffic Information Management
• Traffic congestion has always been a serious
problem for commuters in the metropolitan
areas around the world. It causes unpleasant
and unpredictable delay.
• With a good T I S in place the users can
react to congestion by taking an alternative
less congested route based on the traffic
information they receive.
Traffic Information Management
 T.I.S. helps to
• Monitor and manage traffic flow.
• Reduce congestion.
• Provide safety.
• Enhance mobility.
• Reduce energy consumption.
• Reduce pollution.
• Develop a multi-modal public transport enquiry
system to encourage the public to use public transport
services
 ELEMENTS OF T.I.S.
• T I S consist of 3 key elements, namely
• Traffic information data collection
• Data Processing
• Information Dissemination

Data Information
Processing Dissemination

Data
collection
 Information To Be Shared
• Transit Routes • New Roads
• Transit Schedules • Accidents
• Turning restrictions • Incidents
• Speed Restrictions • Traffic Conditions
• Direction Controls • Operational
• Lane Closures Statistics
• Road Diversions • Trends
• Delay time • Usage
• Travel time • Congestion
 Broad classification.
• Centralized system
• Decentralized system.
Centralized system
• It involve a central authority to collect, process and
disseminate the data.
• Data of vehicle speed and traffic flow are calculated by
– Embedded sensors.
• This data is sent to T.M.C. for processing and analyzing.
• The result of this analysis is disseminated via
– Radio broadcasts.
– Internet.
– Variable message signs.
– Direct to user on demand.
• Disadvantage
– Cost intensive.
– Limited coverage.
 Decentralized system
• It is a zero public infrastructure vehicle based traffic
information system.
• A traffic situation analysis is performed in each individual
vehicle and the result is transferred via wireless data-link
to all surrounding vehicles in the local neighborhood.
 Why decentralized T.I.?
The problems with Centralized T.I.S.
•A large number of sensors is needed to be deployed in order to
monitor the traffic situation.
•The traffic information service is limited to streets where
sensors are integrated.
•Traffic information is distributed with a relatively high delay
(typically in the range of 20-50 minutes).
•It is not suited for vehicle-to-vehicle emergency notifications.
•Cannot include specific details on the area close to the current
position of the driver.
•An extremely large investment for the communication infrastructure
(sensors, central unit, wired and wireless connections) is necessary.
 References
• http://www.smartcitieschallenge.in/
• http://smartcitiescouncil.com/
• http://smartcitiesofindia.in/
• Smart Transportation- Smart Cities By Rajul Mehrotra
Program Lead- 100 Smart Cities at IBM India
• http://india.smartcitiescouncil.com/article/role-
geospatial-technologies-building-smart-cities
Thanks..