NED University of Engineering and Technology

Department of Computer and Information Systems Engineering

CLASSES AND OBJECT IN PYTHON

CS-116 Object Oriented Programming

Spring 2025
Ms. Fauzia Yasir
 CS 116 - Lecture 03
Classes and Object in Python

Last Time . . .
 Classes are blueprints/code snippets which can be used to instantiate objects

 We can instantiate as many objects from a class blueprint as we need

 Each instantiated object will have its own set of attributes and behaviours

 Encapsulation and data hiding, inheritance, polymorphism and association constitute the main
strengths of object oriented programming paradigm

 Data and behaviour can be encapsulated in a single object, enabling it to hide whatever it
wants from other objects

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 CS 116 - Lecture 03
Classes and Object in Python

Today’s Session . . .

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 CS 116 - Lecture 03
Classes and Object in Python

Python Classes and Objects

• Classes are created using class keyword.
• Attributes are variables defined inside the class and
represent the properties of the class. Attributes can be
accessed using the dot . operator (e.g.,
MyClass.my_attribute).

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 CS 116 - Lecture 03
Classes and Object in Python

Defining Classes in Python - Syntax

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 CS 116 - Lecture 03
Classes and Object in Python

Defining Classes in Python - Example

Define a class Dog with class attribute sound

# define a class
class Dog:
sound = "bark" # class
attribute

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 CS 116 - Lecture 03
Classes and Object in Python

Defining Classes in Python - Example

Define a class Dog with class attribute sound Output:
Class Attribute of Dog:
# define a class bark
class Dog:
sound = "bark" # class attribute

An Object is an instance of a Class. It represents a specific

implementation of the class and holds its own data.
Now, let’s create an instance from Dog class.
# Create an instance from the class
dog1 = Dog()

# Access the class attribute

print(‘Class Attribute of Dog:’+dog1.sound)
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 CS 116 - Lecture 03
Classes and Object in Python

Defining Classes in Python - Example

Define a class Dog with class attribute sound

# define a class
class Dog:
sound = "bark" # class attribute

# Create an object from the class

dog1 = Dog()

# Access the class attribute

print(‘Class Attribute of Dog:’+dog1.sound)
sound attribute is a class attribute. It is shared across all instances of Dog class, so can be directly
accessed through instance dog1.

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 CS 116 - Lecture 03
Classes and Object in Python

Defining Classes in Python - Example

Define a class Dog with class attribute sound

# define a class
class Dog:
sound = "bark" # class attribute

# Create an object from the class

dog1 = Dog()

# Access the class attribute

print(‘Class Attribute of Dog:’+dog1.sound)
sound attribute is a class attribute. It is shared across all instances of Dog class, so can be
directly accessed through instance dog1.
Class attribute :
• These are the variables that are shared across all instances of a class.
• It is defined at the class level, outside any methods.
• All objects of the class share the same value for a class variable unless
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explicitly overridden in an object.
 CS 116 - Lecture 03
Classes and Object in Python

Defining Classes in Python - Example

Self Parameter
self parameter is a reference to the current instance of the class. It allows us to
access the attributes and methods of the object.

# define a class
class Dog:
sound = "bark" # class attribute

#defining setter methods

def setName (self, n):
self.Name = n
def setAge (self, a):
self.Age = a

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 CS 116 - Lecture 03
Classes and Object in Python

Defining Classes in Python - Example

Self Parameter
self parameter is a reference to the current instance of the class. It allows us to
access the attributes and methods of the object.

# define a class
class Dog:
sound = "bark" # class attribute

#defining setter methods

Name and Age are Instance attributes.
def setName (self, n):
Instance Variables/Attributes
self.Name = n Variables that are unique to each instance (object) of a
def setAge (self, a): class. These are defined within __init__ method or other
self.Age = a instance methods. Each object maintains its own copy of
instance variables, independent of other objects.
dog1 = Dog()
print(‘Class Attribute of Dog:’+dog1.sound)
dog1. setName(‘Harry’)
dog1.setAge(3) 11
 CS 116 - Lecture 03
Classes and Object in Python

Defining Classes in Python - Example

using self parameter to access class and instance attribute within class
definition

# define a class
class Dog:
sound = "bark" # class attribute
#defining setter methods
def setName (self, n):
self.Name = n
def setAge (self, a):
self.Age = a
def info (self):
print(‘My name is’+ self.Name+’ and my age is’+ self.Age+’and I
can’+ self.sound)

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 CS 116 - Lecture 03
Classes and Object in Python

Defining Classes in Python - Example

using self parameter to access class and instance attribute within class
definition
dog1 = Dog()
print(‘Class Attribute of Dog:’+dog1.sound)
# define a class print(dog1.Name)
class Dog: print(dog1.Age)
sound = "bark" # class attribute dog1. setName(‘Harry’)
#defining setter methods dog1.setAge(3)
def setName (self, n): dog1.info()
self.Name = n print(dog1.Name)
def setAge (self, a): print(dog1.Age)
self.Age = a
def info (self):
print(‘My name is’+ self.Name+’ and my age is’+ self.Age+’and I can’+ self.sound)
Output:
My name is Harry and my age is 3 and I can bark
Harry
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 CS 116 - Lecture 03
Classes and Object in Python

Defining Classes in Python - Example

creating instance attribute through instance

dog1 = Dog()
dog2 = Dog()
dog1. setName(‘Harry’)
# define a class
dog1.setAge(3)
class Dog:
dog1.info()
sound = "bark" # class attribute
dog2.info()
#defining setter methods
dog2.Name=‘Happy’
def setName (self, n):
dog2.Age=5
self.Name = n
dog2.info()
def setAge (self, a):
self.Age = a
def info (self):
print(‘My name is’+ self.Name+’ and my age is’+ self.Age+’and I can’+ self.sound)

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 CS 116 - Lecture 03
Classes and Object in Python

Defining Classes in Python - Example

defining getter method
# define a class
class Dog:
sound = "bark" # class attribute
#defining setter methods
def setName (self, n):
self.Name = n
def setAge (self, a):
self.Age = a
#defining getter methods
def getName (self):
return self.Name
def getAge (self):
return self.Age
def info (self):
print(‘My name is’+ self.Name+’ and my age is’+ self.Age+’and I can’+ self.sound)

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 CS 116 - Lecture 03
Classes and Object in Python

Defining Classes in Python - Example

defining getter method
# define a class
dog1 = Dog()
class Dog:
print(dog1.getName())
sound = "bark" # class attribute
dog1. setName(‘Harry’)
#defining setter methods
print(dog1.getName())
def setName (self, n):
dog1.info()
self.Name = n
dog1.setAge(3)
def setAge (self, a):
dog1.info()
self.Age = a
#defining getter methods
def getName (self):
return self.Name
def getAge (self):
return self.Age
def info (self):
print(‘My name is’+ self. getName()+’ and my age is’+ self. getAge()+’and I can’+
self.sound)
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 CS 116 - Lecture 03
Classes and Object in Python
 CS 116 - Lecture 03
Classes and Object in Python
 CS 116 - Lecture 03
Classes and Object in Python
 CS 116 - Lecture 03
Classes and Object in Python
A Quick Recap . . .
Learned syntax for defining classes and instances.