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Math_Functions_Study_Material

The document provides an overview of functions in mathematics, defining key concepts such as domain, codomain, and range. It categorizes functions into types like injective, surjective, and bijective, and discusses operations such as composition and finding inverses. Additionally, it includes solved examples and practice questions to reinforce understanding of the material.

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Jeno Raj
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7 views

Math_Functions_Study_Material

The document provides an overview of functions in mathematics, defining key concepts such as domain, codomain, and range. It categorizes functions into types like injective, surjective, and bijective, and discusses operations such as composition and finding inverses. Additionally, it includes solved examples and practice questions to reinforce understanding of the material.

Uploaded by

Jeno Raj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematics Study Material - Functions

1. Introduction to Functions

A function is a relation that uniquely associates elements of one set with elements of another set.

- Domain: Set of all possible inputs.

- Codomain: Set in which outputs lie.

- Range: Set of actual outputs.

If f: A B and for every a in A, there exists a unique b in B such that f(a) = b, then f is a function.

2. Types of Functions

- One-One (Injective): Different inputs give different outputs.

- Onto (Surjective): Every element in codomain has a pre-image.

- One-One Onto (Bijective): Both injective and surjective.

- Constant Function: f(x) = c for all x.

- Identity Function: f(x) = x.

- Polynomial, Rational, Exponential, Logarithmic, and Trigonometric functions.

3. Graphs and Transformations

- Shifting: f(x) f(x - a) shifts right; f(x) + b shifts up.

- Reflecting: f(-x) reflects over y-axis; -f(x) over x-axis.

- Scaling: a*f(x) stretches/compresses vertically; f(bx) horizontally.

4. Composition of Functions

If f: A B and g: B C, then composition gf is defined by (gf)(x) = g(f(x)).

Example: f(x) = x + 2, g(x) = x^2. Then (gf)(x) = (x + 2)^2.


Mathematics Study Material - Functions

5. Inverse of a Function

For a bijective function f, its inverse f satisfies:

f(f(x)) = x and f(f(x)) = x.

Example: f(x) = 2x + 3 f(x) = (x - 3)/2.

6. Solved Examples

1. Determine if f(x) = x^2 is one-one: No, since f(2) = f(-2).

2. Find domain of f(x) = (x - 1): x 1.

3. If f(x) = 2x, g(x) = x + 1, find (fg)(x): f(g(x)) = 2(x + 1) = 2x + 2.

7. Practice Questions

1. Determine the range of f(x) = x^2 - 4x + 3.

2. Is f(x) = 3x - 7 invertible? If so, find the inverse.

3. Graph f(x) = |x - 2| and describe the transformation.

4. Prove that f(x) = sin(x) is not one-one.

5. Let f(x) = 1/x, find the domain and range.

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