Trigonometric Functions of Common Angles

𝛼∘ 𝛼rad sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼 tan 𝛼 cot 𝛼 sec 𝛼 cosec𝛼

0 0 0 1 0 ∞ 1 ∞
𝜋 1 √3 1 2
30 √3 2
6 2 2 √3 √3
3 4 3 4 5 5
37
5 4 3 4 3
5
𝜋 √2 √2
45 1 1 √2 √2
4 2 2
4 3 4 3 5 5
53
3 4 3 4
5 5

𝜋 √3 1 1 2
60 √3 2
3 2 2 √3 √3
𝜋
90 1 0 ∞ 0 ∞ 1
2
2𝜋 √3 1 1 2
120 − −√3 − -2
3 2 2 √3 √3
180 𝜋 0 -1 0 ∞ -1 ∞
3𝜋
270 -1 0 ∞ 0 ∞ -1
2
360 2𝜋 0 1 0 ∞ 1 ∞
Relations between Trigonometric Functions

1 𝛼 𝜋
sin 𝛼 = ±�1 − cos2 𝛼 = ±� (1 − cos 2𝛼) = 2cos2 ( − ) − 1
2 2 4
𝛼
2tan
= 2
𝛼
1 + tan2 2

1 𝛼
cos 𝛼 = ±�1 − sin2 𝛼 = ±� (1 + cos 2𝛼) = 2cos
2
−1
2 2
𝛼
1 − tan2
= 2
𝛼
1 + tan2
2
sin 𝛼 sin 2𝛼 1 − cos 2𝛼
tan 𝛼 = = ±�sec2 𝛼 − 1 = =
cos 𝛼 1 + cos 2𝛼 sin 2𝛼
𝛼
1 − cos 2𝛼 2tan
= ±� = 2𝛼
1 + cos 2𝛼 1 + tan2
2
cos 𝛼 1 + cos 2𝛼 sin 2𝛼
cot 𝛼 = = ±�csc2 𝛼 − 1 = =
sin 𝛼 sin 2𝛼 1 − cos 2𝛼
 𝛼
1+cos 2𝛼 1−tan2
= ±� = 𝛼2
1−cos 2𝛼 2tan
2
𝛼
1 1 + tan2
= ±�1 + tan2 𝛼 = 2
sec 𝛼 = 𝛼
cos 𝛼 1 − tan 2
2
𝛼
1 1 + tan 2
2
cosec 𝛼 = = ±�1 + cot2 𝛼 = 𝛼
sin 𝛼 2tan
2
Addition and Subtraction Formulas
sin (𝛼 + 𝛽) = sin 𝛼cos 𝛽 + sin 𝛽cos 𝛼
sin (𝛼 − 𝑦) = sin 𝛼cos 𝛽 − sin 𝛽cos 𝛼
cos (𝛼 + 𝛽) = cos 𝛼cos 𝛽 − sin 𝛼sin 𝛽
cos(𝛼 − 𝛽) = cos 𝛼 cos 𝛽 + sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽
tan 𝛼 + tan 𝛽
tan (𝛼 + 𝛽) =
1 − tan 𝛼tan 𝛽
tan 𝛼 − tan 𝛽
tan (𝛼 − 𝛽) =
1 + tan 𝛼tan 𝛽
1 − tan 𝛼tan 𝛽
cot (𝛼 + 𝛽) =
tan 𝛼 + tan 𝛽
1 + tan 𝛼tan 𝛽
cot (𝛼 − 𝛽) =
tan 𝛼 − tan 𝛽
Double Angle Formulas
sin 2𝛼 = 2sin 𝛼 ⋅ cos 𝛼
cos 2𝛼 = cos2 𝛼 − sin2 𝛼 = 1 − 2sin2 𝛼 = 2cos2 𝛼 − 1
2tan 𝛼 2
tan 2𝛼 = =
1 − tan 𝛼 cot 𝛼 − tan 𝛼
2

cot2 𝛼 − 1 cot 𝛼 − tan 𝛼

cot 2𝛼 = =
2cot 𝛼 2
Multiple Angle Formulas
sin 3𝛼 = 3sin 𝛼 − 4sin3 𝛼 = 3cos2 𝛼 ⋅ sin 𝛼 − sin3 𝛼
cos 3𝛼 = 4cos3 𝛼 − 3cos 𝛼 = cos3 𝛼 − 3cos 𝛼 ⋅ sin2 𝛼
3tan 𝛼−tan3 𝛼
tan 3𝛼 = 1−3tan2 𝛼
Half Angle Formulas

𝛼 1 − cos 𝛼
sin = ±�
2 2

𝛼 1 + cos 𝛼
cos = ±�
2 2

𝛼 1 − cos 𝛼 sin 𝛼 1 − cos 𝛼

tan = ±� = = = csc 𝛼 − cot 𝛼
2 1 + cos 𝛼 1 + cos 𝛼 sin 𝛼

𝛼 1 + cos 𝛼 sin 𝛼 1 + cos 𝛼

cot = ±� = = = csc 𝛼 + cot 𝛼
2 1 − cos 𝛼 1 − cos 𝛼 sin 𝛼

Half Angle Tangent Identities

𝛼
2tan
2
sin 𝛼 = 𝛼
1 + tan2
2
𝛼
1 − tan2
cos 𝛼 = 2
𝛼
1 + tan 2
2
𝛼
2tan
2
tan 𝛼 = 𝛼
1 − tan2
2
𝛼
1 − tan 2

cot 𝛼 = 𝛼2
2tan
2
Transforming of Trigonometric Expressions to Product
𝛼+𝛽 𝛼−𝛽
sin 𝛼 + sin 𝛽 = 2sin cos
2 2
𝛼+𝛽 𝛼−𝛽
sin 𝛼 − sin 𝛽 = 2cos sin
2 2
𝛼+𝛽 𝛼−𝛽
cos 𝛼 + cos 𝛽 = 2cos cos
2 2
𝛼+𝛽 𝛼−𝛽
cos 𝛼 − cos 𝛽 = −2sin sin
2 2
 sin (𝛼 + 𝛽)
tan 𝛼 + tan 𝛽 =
cos 𝛼 ⋅ cos 𝛽
sin (𝛼 − 𝛽)
tan 𝛼 − tan 𝛽 =
cos 𝛼 ⋅ cos 𝛽
sin (𝛽 + 𝛼)
cot 𝛼 + cot 𝛽 =
sin 𝛼 ⋅ sin 𝛽
sin (𝛽 − 𝛼)
cot 𝛼 − cot 𝛽 =
sin 𝛼 ⋅ sin 𝛽

Transforming of Trigonometric Expressions to Sum

cos (𝛼 − 𝛽) − cos (𝛼 + 𝛽)
sin 𝛼 ⋅ sin 𝛽 =
2
cos (𝛼 − 𝛽) + cos (𝛼 + 𝛽)
cos 𝛼 ⋅ cos 𝛽 =
2
sin (𝛼 − 𝛽) + sin (𝛼 + 𝛽)
sin 𝛼 ⋅ cos 𝛽 =
2
tan 𝛼 + tan 𝛽
tan 𝛼 ⋅ tan 𝛽 =
cot 𝛼 + cot 𝛽
cot 𝛼 + cot 𝛽
cot 𝛼 ⋅ cot 𝛽 =
tan 𝛼 + tan 𝛽
tan 𝛼 + cot 𝛽
tan 𝛼 ⋅ cot 𝛽 =
cot 𝛼 + tan 𝛽

Reduction Formulas

𝛽 sin 𝛽 cos 𝛽 tan 𝛽 cot 𝛽

−𝛼 −sin 𝛼 +cos 𝛼 −tan 𝛼 −cot 𝛼

90∘ − 𝛼 +cos 𝛼 +sin 𝛼 +cot 𝛼 +tan 𝛼

90∘ + 𝛼 +cos 𝛼 −sin 𝛼 −cot 𝛼 −tan 𝛼
180∘ − 𝛼 +sin 𝛼 −cos 𝛼 −tan 𝛼 −cot 𝛼
180∘ + 𝛼 −sin 𝛼 −cos 𝛼 +tan 𝛼 +cot 𝛼
270∘ − 𝛼 −cos 𝛼 −sin 𝛼 +cot 𝛼 +tan 𝛼
270∘ + 𝛼 −cos 𝛼 +sin 𝛼 −cot 𝛼 −tan 𝛼
360∘ − 𝛼 −sin 𝛼 +cos 𝛼 −tan 𝛼 −cot 𝛼

360∘ + 𝛼 +sin 𝛼 +cos 𝛼 +tan 𝛼 +cot 𝛼