EX.

NO: 01 OPERATOR, INPUT AND OUTPUT OPERATIONS

DATE:

AIM:
To develop python programs using operators with basic input and output operations.

PROGRAM 1:

Write a program to calculate the area of a

triangle using Heron’s formula. (Hint: Heron’s
formula is given as: area = sqrt(S*(S–a)*(S–
b)*(S–c)))

a = float(input("Enter length of side a: "))

b = float(input("Enter length of side b: "))
c = float(input("Enter length of side c: "))
S = (a + b + c) / 2
area = ((S * (S - a) * (S - b) * (S -
c))**0.5) print("Area = ",area)

OUTPUT:

PROGRAM 2:

Write a program to calculate the distance between two points

import math
x1 = float(input("Enter x1: "))
y1 = float(input("Enter y1: "))
x2 = float(input("Enter x2: "))
y2 = float(input("Enter y2: "))
distance = math.sqrt((x2 - x1)**2 + (y2 - y1)**2)
print(f"The distance between the two points is: {distance:.2f}")

1
OUTPUT:
 Enter x1: 2
Enter y1: 3
Enter x2: 6
Enter y2: 7
The distance between the two points is: 5.6

PROGRAM 3:

Write a program to calculate the area of a circle, rectangle, triangle, and

square.

import math
radius = float(input("Enter radius of the circle: "))
area_circle = math.pi * radius ** 2
length = float(input("Enter length of the rectangle: "))
breadth = float(input("Enter breadth of the rectangle: "))
area_rectangle = length * breadth
base = float(input("Enter base of the triangle: "))
height = float(input("Enter height of the triangle: "))
area_triangle = 0.5 * base * height
side = float(input("Enter side of the square: "))
area_square = side * side
print(f"Area of Circle = {area_circle:.2f}")
print(f"Area of Rectangle = {area_rectangle:.2f}")
print(f"Area of Triangle = {area_triangle:.2f}")
print(f"Area of Square = {area_square:.2f}")

OUTPUT:

2
PROGRAM 4:

Write a program to print the digit at one’s place of a number.

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

ones_digit = num % 10
 print(f"The digit at one's place is: {ones_digit}")

OUTPUT:

PROGRAM 5:

Write a program to calculate the total amount of money in the piggy bank,
given the coins of ₹10, ₹5, ₹2, and ₹1

ten = int(input("Enter number of ₹10 coins: "))

five = int(input("Enter number of ₹5 coins: "))
two = int(input("Enter number of ₹2 coins: "))
one = int(input("Enter number of ₹1 coins: "))
total = (10 * ten) + (5 * five) + (2 * two) + (1 * one)
print(f"Total amount in piggy bank: ₹{total}")

OUTPUT:

Enter quantity sold: 10

Enter price per item: 50
Enter discount percentage: 10
Enter tax percentage: 5
Total Bill Amount: ₹472.50

PROGRAM 6:

Write a program to calculate the bill amount for an item given its quantity.
sold, value, discount, and tax
quantity = int(input("Enter quantity sold: "))
price = float(input("Enter price per item: "))
discount = float(input("Enter discount percentage: "))
tax = float(input("Enter tax percentage: "))
amount = quantity * price
3
discount_amount = amount * (discount / 100)
tax_amount = (amount - discount_amount) * (tax / 100)
total = amount - discount_amount + tax_amount
print(f"Total Bill Amount: ₹{total:.2f}")

OUTPUT
 Enter quantity sold: 10
Enter price per item: 50
Enter discount percentage: 10
Enter tax percentage: 5
Total Bill Amount: ₹472.50

RESULT:

Thus python programs using operators with

basic input and output operations were
developed and executed successfully

DEPARTMENT OF CSBS

Program 10

Output 5

Viva-Voce 5

Total 20

7
 EX.NO: 02 CONTROL STATEMENTS

DATE:

AIM:
To develop python programs using control statements.

PROGRAM 1:

Develop a python program for finding the absolute value of a given number.
This is always measured as positive number. This number is the distance of
given number from the 0(Zero). The input value may be integer, float or
complex number in Python. The absolute value of given number may be integer
or float.
num = complex(input("Enter a number (real or complex): "))
abs_val = abs(num)
print(f"The absolute value of {num} is {abs_val}")

OUTPUT:

Enter a number (real or complex): -7

The absolute value of (-7+0j) is 7.0

PROGRAM 2:
Calculate the Total selling price after levying the GST (Goods and Service Tax)
as CGST and SGST on sale. CGST (Central Govt. GST), SGST (State Govt.
GST) .
Sale amount CGST Rate SGST Rate
0-50000 5% 5%
Above 50000 18% 18%
sale_amount = float(input("Enter sale amount: "))
if sale_amount <= 50000:
cgst = sgst = 5
else:
cgst = sgst = 18
cgst_amt = sale_amount * cgst / 100
sgst_amt = sale_amount * sgst / 100
total_amount = sale_amount + cgst_amt + sgst_amt
print(f"\n--- GST Bill ---")
print(f"Sale Amount: ₹{sale_amount}")
print(f"CGST @ {cgst}%: ₹{cgst_amt}")
print(f"SGST @ {sgst}%: ₹{sgst_amt}")
 print(f"Total Selling Price: ₹{total_amount}")

OUTPUT:

Enter sale amount: 60000

8
--- GST Bill ---
Sale Amount: ₹60000.0
CGST @ 18%: ₹10800.0
SGST @ 18%: ₹10800.0
Total Selling Price: ₹81600.0

PROGRAM 3:

Write a Python program to construct the following pattern, using a nested for
loop. * * *
**
***
****
*****
****
***
**
*

for i in range(1, 6):

print("* " * i)
for i in range(4, 0, -1):
print("* " * i)

OUTPUT:

*
**
***
****
*****
****
***
**
*

PROGRAM 4:
Write a Python program to guess a number between 1 and 9. Note : User is
prompted to enter a guess. If the user guesses wrong then the prompt appears
again until the guess is correct, on successful guess, user will get a "Well
guessed!" message, and the program will exit.

9
import random
number = random.randint(1, 9)
while True:
guess = int(input("Guess a number between 1 and 9: "))
if guess == number:
print("Well guessed!")
break

OUTPUT:

PROGRAM 5:

You have two streaming subscriptions and want to find out how much you
spend each month and how much you could save if you switch to paying
annually. Each subscription has a monthly cost and offers a discounted annual
rate. Write a Python program to calculate the total monthly cost for both
subscriptions, the total annual cost if you continue paying monthly, and
compare this with the annual rates you would pay if you switch to annual
payments. Finally, show how much you could save by choosing the annual
payment option.
Test Case:
Input:
Service 1 = $10/month
Service 2 = $12/month
Annual Discount for Service 1 = $100
Annual Discount for Service 2 = $120

Expected Output:
 Monthly Total: $22.00
Total Annual Cost without Discount: $264.00
Total Annual Discounted Cost: $220.00
Total Savings: $44.00

s1_monthly = 10
s2_monthly = 12
s1_annual = 100
s2_annual = 120 10
monthly_total = s1_monthly + s2_monthly
annual_monthly_cost = monthly_total * 12
discounted_annual = s1_annual + s2_annual
savings = annual_monthly_cost - discounted_annual
print(f"Monthly Total: ${monthly_total:.2f}")
print(f"Total Annual Cost without Discount: ${annual_monthly_cost:.2f}")
print(f"Total Annual Discounted Cost: ${discounted_annual:.2f}")
print(f"Total Savings: ${savings:.2f}")

OUTPUT:

PROGRAM 6:
Write a Python program that iterates through integers from 1 to 50. For each
multiple of three, print "Fizz" instead of the number; for each multiple of five,
print "Buzz". For numbers that are multiples of both three and five, print
"FizzBuzz".

for i in range(1, 51):

if i % 3 == 0 and i % 5 == 0:
print("FizzBuzz")
elif i % 3 == 0:
print("Fizz")
elif i % 5 == 0:
print("Buzz")
else:
print(i)

OUTPUT:
 1
2
Fizz
4
Buzz
Fizz
7
8
Fizz
Buzz

RESULT:
Thus, python programs using control statements for different scenarios
were executed successfully.

DEPARTMENT OF CSBS

Program 10

Output 5

Viva-Voce 5

Total 20
 EX.NO: 03 FUNCTIONS

DATE:

AIM:
To develop python programs using the concept of functions.

PROGRAM 1:

Movie Ticket Pricing

You're writing a function to calculate movie ticket prices based on age.
Kids under 12: $5
Seniors (60+): $6
Everyone else: $10
Question: Write a function calculate_ticket_price(age) that returns the
correct ticket price.
Sample Input:
calculate_ticket_price(8) # Output: 5
calculate_ticket_price(30) # Output: 10
calculate_ticket_price(65) # Output: 6

def calculate_ticket_price(age):
if age < 12:
return 5
elif age >= 60:
return 6
else:
return 10
print(calculate_ticket_price(8))
print(calculate_ticket_price(30))
print(calculate_ticket_price(65))

OUTPUT:

5
10
6

PROGRAM 2:

You’re building a weather app and need a function to convert temperatures

from Celsius to Fahrenheit
Question: Write a function celsius_to_fahrenheit(celsius) that returns the
Fahrenheit
16
equivalent.
Sample Input:
celsius_to_fahrenheit(0) # Output: 32.0
celsius_to_fahrenheit(37) # Output: 98.6

def celsius_to_fahrenheit(celsius):
return (celsius * 9/5) + 32
print(celsius_to_fahrenheit(0)) # Output: 32.0
print(celsius_to_fahrenheit(37)) # Output: 98.6

OUTPUT:

32.0
98.6

PROGRAM 3:

You're creating a grading system. Given a score (0–100), return a letter grade:
A: 90+ , B: 80–89, C: 70–79, D: 60–69, F: below 60
Question: Write a function get_grade(score) that returns the letter grade.
Sample Input:
get_grade(85) # Output: "B"
get_grade(59) # Output: "F

def get_grade(score):
if score >= 90:
return 'A'
elif score >= 80:
return 'B'
elif score >= 70:
return 'C'
elif score >= 60:
return 'D'
else:
return 'F'
print(get_grade(85)) # Output: B
print(get_grade(59)) # Output: F

OUTPUT:

B
 F

PROGRAM 4:

In a text editing app, users want a function that takes a sentence and reverses
17
each word, keeping the word order the same.
Question:
Write a function reverse_words(sentence) that reverses the characters of each
word.
Sample Input:
reverse_words("hello world") # Output: "olleh dlrow"
reverse_words("python is fun") # Output: "nohtyp si nuf"

def reverse_words(sentence):
words = sentence.split()
reversed_words = [word[::-1] for word in words]
return ' '.join(reversed_words)
print(reverse_words("hello world"))
print(reverse_words("python is fun"))

OUTPUT:

PROGRAM 5:

Shipping Cost Calculator :A company charges shipping based on weight:

Up to 2kg: $5
2–5kg: $10
5kg and above: $15
Question: Write a function calculate_shipping(weight) that returns the
shipping cost.
Sample Input:
calculate_shipping(1.5) # Output: 5
calculate_shipping(3.2) # Output: 10
calculate_shipping(7.0) # Output: 15
 def calculate_shipping(weight):
if weight <= 2:
return 5
elif weight <= 5:
return 10
else:
return 15
print(calculate_shipping(1.5)) # Output: 5
print(calculate_shipping(3.2)) # Output: 10
18
print(calculate_shipping(7.0)) # Output: 15
OUTPUT:

PROGRAM 6:

Password Strength Checker

Scenario: You're building a signup form. The password must be at least 8
characters long and contain at least one uppercase letter, one lowercase letter,
and one digit.
Question:
Write a function is_strong_password(password) that returns True if the
password is strong, otherwise False.
Sample Input:
is_strong_password("Password123") # Output: True

import re

def is_strong_password(password):
if (len(password) >= 8 and
re.search(r'[A-Z]', password) and
re.search(r'[a-z]', password) and
re.search(r'[0-9]', password)):
return True
return False
print(is_strong_password("Password123"))
 OUTPUT:

True

RESULT:

Thus python programs using the concept of

functions were developed and

executed successfully.

DEPARTMENT OF CSBS

Program 10

Output 5

Viva-Voce 5

Total 20
 EX.NO: 04 MODULES AND PACKAGES

DATE:

AIM:
To use modules and packages concepts in python for developing simple applications.

PROGRAM 1:

Inventory Management System You're building a simple inventory

management system for a small business. To organize the code better, you want
to separate the product logic and sales logic into different modules.
Modules1.py

products = {
'P001': {'name': 'Pen', 'price': 10},
'P002': {'name': 'Notebook', 'price': 50},
'P003': {'name': 'Pencil', 'price': 5}
}
def get_product_info(pid):
return products.get(pid, None)
def generate_bill():
print("Available Products:")
for pid, details in products.items():
print(f"{pid}: {details['name']} - ₹{details['price']}")

pid = input("\nEnter Product ID: ").upper()

quantity = int(input("Enter quantity: "))
item = get_product_info(pid)
if item:
total = item['price'] * quantity
print("\n--- Bill ---")
print(f"Item: {item['name']}")
print(f"Price per unit: ₹{item['price']}")
print(f"Quantity: {quantity}")
print(f"Total: ₹{total}")
else:
print("Invalid Product ID")
generate_bill()
 20
OUTPUT:

PROGRAM 2:

Scientific Calculator You’re building a scientific calculator app. To keep the

code clean, math operations are split into separate modules within a calculator
package
Modules1.py

import math
def add(x, y):
return x + y
def subtract(x, y):
return x - y
def multiply(x, y):
return x * y
def divide(x, y):
if y == 0:
 return "Cannot divide by zero"
return x / y
def sqrt(x):
return math.sqrt(x) 21
def power(x, y):
return math.pow(x, y)
def scientific_calculator():
print("=== Scientific Calculator ===")
print("1. Add")
print("2. Subtract")
print("3. Multiply")
print("4. Divide")
print("5. Square Root")
print("6. Power")

choice = int(input("Choose operation (1-6): "))

if choice in [1, 2, 3, 4, 6]:
x = float(input("Enter first number: ")) y =
float(input("Enter second number: "))
if choice == 1:
print("Result:", add(x, y))
elif choice == 2:
print("Result:", subtract(x, y)) elif
choice == 3:
print("Result:", multiply(x, y)) elif
choice == 4:
print("Result:", divide(x, y))
elif choice == 6:
print("Result:", power(x, y))

elif choice == 5:
x = float(input("Enter number: "))
print("Result:", sqrt(x))

else:
print("Invalid choice")
scientific_calculator()

22
OUTPUT:

RESULT:

Thus modules and packages concepts in python were used for developing simple applications
and verified successfully.

DEPARTMENT OF CSBS

Program 10

Output 5

Viva-Voce 5

Total 20
EX.NO: 05 STRING MANIPULATION

DATE:

AIM:

To write python programs for manipulating strings.

PROGRAM 1:

Username Validator You're developing a login system. A username must only

contain alphabets and numbers, and should not exceed 12 characters. Write a
function that checks whether a given username is valid or not. Return True if
it's valid, otherwise False

def is_valid_username(username):
return username.isalnum() and len(username) <= 12
print(is_valid_username("user123"))
print(is_valid_username("user@name"))

OUTPUT:

True
False

PROGRAM 2:

Email Masking for Privacy . You need to mask part of an email address when
displaying it publicly to protect user privacy. Write a program that takes an
email like [email protected] and returns a masked version like
jo****@example.com

def mask_email(email):
name, domain = email.split("@")
masked = name[:2] + "****@" + domain
return masked
print(mask_email("[email protected]"))
 24
OUTPUT:

PROGRAM 3:

Detecting Palindromes You are building a text analyzer app. One of the
features is to detect if a word or phrase is a palindrome (ignoring spaces and
punctuation). Write a function that checks whether a given string is a
palindrome, ignoring case, spaces, and punctuation.

import re
def is_palindrome(text):
cleaned = re.sub(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9]', '', text).lower()
return cleaned == cleaned[::-1]
print(is_palindrome("A man, a plan, a canal: Panama"))
print(is_palindrome("Hello"))

OUTPUT:

True
False

PROGRAM 4:

Text Formatter for News Headlines - You’re building a news app that receives
article titles in random casing. You need to format the titles so each word starts
with a capital letter. Write a function that converts a given string like
"breaKing news: python is fun" to "Breaking News: Python Is Fun"
 def format_headline(title):
return title.title()
print(format_headline("breaKing news: python is fun"))

OUTPUT:

Breaking News: Python Is Fun

25

PROGRAM 5:

Word Frequency Counter In a blog analysis tool, you need to find out how
often each word appears in a paragraph. Write a program that takes a block of
text and prints
def word_frequency(text):
words = text.lower().split()
freq = {}
for word in words:
freq[word] = freq.get(word, 0) + 1
for word, count in freq.items():
print(f"{word}: {count}")
paragraph = "Python is great and Python is fun"
word_frequency(paragraph)

OUTPUT:

RESULT:

Thus python programs for manipulating strings were written and executed
successfully.
 DEPARTMENT OF CSBS

Program 10

Output 5

Viva-Voce 5

Total 20
EX.NO: 06 LIST AND TUPLE

DATE:

AIM:

To write python programs to perform various operations using lists and tuples.

PROGRAM 1:

Write a program to create a list and perform the following operations: append,
insert, delete, and update an element

lst = [10, 20, 30]

print("Original List:", lst)
lst.append(40)
print("After Append:", lst)
lst.insert(1, 15)
print("After Insert:", lst)
lst[2] = 25
print("After Update:", lst)
del lst[3]
print("After Delete:", lst)

OUTPUT:

PROGRAM 2:

Write a program to create a list of integers and print the largest, smallest, and
average of the list elements.

Numbers = [12, 45, 67, 23, 89]

 print(“Largest:”, max(numbers))
print(“Smallest:", min(numbers))
print("Average:", sum(numbers)/len(numbers))
28
OUTPUT:

Largest: 89
Smallest: 12
Average: 47.2

PROGRAM 3:

Write a program to generate a list of squares of the first 10 natural numbers

using list comprehension.

squares = [x**2 for x in range(1, 11)]

print("Squares of first 10 natural numbers:", squares)

OUTPUT:

PROGRAM 4:
Write a program to create a list of student names and sort them in ascending
and descending order.

students = ["Ravi", "Anita", "Zoya", "Mohan"]

asc = sorted(students)
print("Ascending:", asc)
desc = sorted(students, reverse=True)
print("Descending:", desc)

OUTPUT:

Ascending: ['Anita', 'Mohan', 'Ravi', 'Zoya']

Descending: ['Zoya', 'Ravi', 'Mohan', 'Anita']
PROGRAM 5:

Write a program to perform linear search and binary search on a list of

numbers.

def linear_search(lst, key):

for i in range(len(lst)):
if lst[i] == key:
return i
29
return -1
def binary_search(lst, key):
lst.sort()
low, high = 0, len(lst) - 1
while low <= high:
mid = (low + high) // 2
if lst[mid] == key:
return mid
elif key < lst[mid]:
high = mid - 1
else:
low = mid + 1
return -1
nums = [10, 40, 20, 30, 50]
print("Linear Search (30):", linear_search(nums, 30))
print("Binary Search (30):", binary_search(nums, 30))

OUTPUT:

Linear Search (30): 3

Binary Search (30): 2

PROGRAM 6:

Write a program to create a tuple, access its elements, and demonstrate tuple
immutability.

t = (1, 2, 3, 4)
print("Tuple:", t)
print("First Element:", t[0])
OUTPUT:

Tuple: (1, 2, 3, 4)
First Element: 1

RESULT:
Thus programs for various operations using lists and tuples in python were
written and executed successfully.

DEPARTMENT OF CSBS

Program 10

Output 5

Viva-Voce 5

Total 20
EX.NO: 07 SET AND DICTIONARY

DATE:

AIM:

To write python programs to perform various operations using sets and dictionaries.

PROGRAM 1:

Write a program to create a set and perform the following operations: Add an
element, remove an element, check for membership, and clear the set.

s = {1, 2, 3}
print("Original Set:", s)
s.add(4)
print("After Adding 4:", s)
s.remove(2)
print("After Removing 2:", s)
print("Is 3 in set?", 3 in s)
s.clear()
print("After Clearing:", s)

OUTPUT:

PROGRAM 2:

Write a program to take two sets of integers and perform the following
operations: Union, intersection, difference, and symmetric difference.

a = {1, 2, 3, 4}
b = {3, 4, 5, 6}

print("Union:", a | b)
print("Intersection:", a & b)
 print("Difference (a - b):", a - b)
print("Symmetric Difference:", a ^ b)

OUTPUT:

PROGRAM 3:

Write a program to count the number of unique words in a given sentence

using a set.

sentence = "Python is fun and Python is powerful"

words = sentence.lower().split()
unique = set(words)
print("Unique words:", unique)
print("Count:", len(unique))

OUTPUT:

Unique words: {'python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'powerful'}

Count: 5

PROGRAM 4:

Write a program to create a set of even numbers from 1 to 20 using set

comprehension.

evens = {x for x in range(1, 21) if x % 2 == 0}

print("Even numbers from 1 to 20:", evens)
 OUTPUT:

Even numbers from 1 to 20: {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20}

PROGRAM 5:

Write a program to create a dictionary with names and ages of 5 people and
print the dictionary.

people = {
"Alice": 25,
"Bob": 30,
"Cathy": 22,
"David": 28,
"Eva": 35
}

print("Dictionary of Names and Ages:")

print(people)

OUTPUT:

Dictionary of Names and Ages:

{'Alice': 25, 'Bob': 30, 'Cathy': 22, 'David': 28, 'Eva': 35}

PROGRAM 6:

Write a program to search for a key in a dictionary and print its value if found.

people = {"Alice": 25, "Bob": 30, "Cathy": 22}

key = input("Enter name to search: ")
 if key in people:
print(f"Age of {key} is {people[key]}")
else:
print("Name not found.")

OUTPUT:

Enter name to search: Bob

Age of Bob is 30

RESULT:

Thus programs for various operations using sets and dictionaries in python
were written and executed successfully.

DEPARTMENT OF CSBS

Program 10

Output 5

Viva-Voce 5

Total 20
 EX.NO: 08 EXCEPTION HANDLING

DATE:

AIM:

To use exception handling concepts in python for simple scenarios.

PROGRAM 1:

Safe Division Calculator: You're building a simple calculator app. One of

the most common issues is when a user tries to divide by zero. Write a
program that takes two numbers from the user and performs division. Use
try-except to handle ZeroDivisionError and display an appropriate message
like "Cannot divide by zero".

try:
num1 = float(input("Enter numerator: "))
num2 = float(input("Enter denominator: "))
result = num1 / num2
print(f"Result: {result}")
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero.")

OUTPUT:

Enter numerator: 10

Enter denominator: 2

Result: 5.0

PROGRAM 2:

Robust List Indexing: You’re developing a student report viewer. Users may
sometimes enter an invalid index to view a student’s mark. Write a program
that accesses an element from a predefined list of marks using an index
provided by the user. Use exception handling to catch IndexError and print
"Invalid index entered. Please try again."

40
marks = [75, 80, 92, 66, 88]
 try:
index = int(input("Enter index to access marks: "))
print(f"Mark at index {index} is {marks[index]}")
except IndexError:
print("Invalid index entered. Please try again.")

OUTPUT:

Enter index to access marks: 2

Mark at index 2 is 92

PROGRAM 3:

Type-Safe Input for Integer Conversion: You’re building a data entry form.
Sometimes users enter text when a number is expected. Write a program
that takes user input and converts it to an integer. Handle ValueError using
a try-except block and print "Please enter a valid number." if the input is
not convertible.

try:
num = int(input("Enter an integer: "))
print(f"You entered: {num}")
except ValueError:
print("Please enter a valid number.")

OUTPUT:

Enter an integer: 25

You entered: 25

RESULT:

Thus exception handling concepts were used in python for simple scenarios and
executed successfully.
 DEPARTMENT OF CSBS

Program 10

Output 5

Viva-Voce 5

Total 20