World without Mathematics Is ‘Zero’ Again Mathematics

GANESH MATHS ACADEMY

(M-I, M-II, M-III) prof. ganesh gosavi (9096708768)

* UNIT NO. 3* (Branches: Comp/IT)

Coefficient of variance
Q.1) Runs scored in 10 matches of current IPL season by two batsmen A and B are tabulated as under
Batsman A 46 34 52 78 65 81 26 46 19 47
Batsman B 59 25 81 47 73 78 42 35 42 10
Decide who is better batsman is and who is more consistent.

Q.2 If Marks scored by five students in statistics test of 100 marks are given in following table.

Student 1 2 3 4 5
Marks 46 34 52 78 65
Find standard deviation, arithmetic Mean and coefficient of variation.

Moments

Q.1) Calculate the first four moments about the mean of the given distribution. Also find 𝛽1 and 𝛽2 .

X 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

F 4 36 60 90 70 40 10
Q.2) for the following distribution, find

i) First four moments about the mean.

ii) 𝛽1 and 𝛽2

iii) Arithmetic mean

iv) Standard deviation

X 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

F 5 38 65 92 70 40 10
Q.3) The first four moments about the working mean 30.2 of a distribution are 0.255,6.222,30.211and 400.25.
Calculate the first four moments about the mean .Also evaluate𝛽1 , 𝛽2 .

Q.4) The first four moments of a distribution about the value 5 are 2,20,40 and 50.From the given information
obtain the first four central moments, mean, standard deviation and coefficient of skewness and kurtosis.

Correlation Coefficient / Coefficient of Correlation

Q.1) Following are the values of import of raw material and export of finished product in suitable units:

Export 10 11 14 14 20 22 16 12 15 13
Import 12 14 15 16 21 26 21 15 16 14
Calculate the coefficient of correlation between the import values and export values.

Q.2) Calculate the coefficient of correlation for the following data:

Population Density 200 500 400 700 800

Death Rate 12 18 16 21 10
Q.3) Calculate the coefficient of correlation for the following data:

n=10, ∑ 𝑥 = 40, ∑ 𝑥 2 = 190, ∑ 𝑦 2 = 200, ∑ 𝑥𝑦 = 150, ∑ 𝑦 = 40.

Regression Line

Q.1) If the two lines of regression are 9x+y-λ=0 and 4x+y=µ and he means of x and y are 2 and -3 respectively,
find the values of λ,µ and the coefficient of correlation between x and y.

Q.2) The regression equations are 8x-10y+66=0 and 40x-18y=214. The value of variance of x is 9. Find

i) The mean values of x and y.

ii) the correlation x and y and

iii) the standard deviation of y.

Q.3) Find the Regression Line for the following table:

X 10 14 18 22 26 30
Y 18 12 24 6 30 36
Q.4) Obtain Regression Line for the following table:

X 6 2 10 4 8
Y 9 11 5 8 7

Curve Fitting

Q.1) Fit a straight line of the form y=ax + b or x=ay+b to the following data by using method of least squares.
i)

X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Y -5 -3 -1 1 3 5 7 9
ii)

X 1 3 4 5 6 8
Y -3 1 3 5 7 11

iii)

X 0 5 10 15 20 25
Y 12 15 17 22 24 30

Q.2) Fit a Parabola of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 or 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑦 2 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 to the following data using least square
method.

i)
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y 12 4 1 2 7 15 30

ii) X 0 1 2 3
Y 2 2 4 8
* UNIT NO. 4*

Probability

1. A, B play a game of alternate tossing coin, one who gets head first wins the game. Find the probability that of
B winning the game if A has a start.

2. A throw is made with two dice. Find the probability of getting a score of i) 10 points ii) at least 10 points iii) at
most 10 points.

3. Two cards are drawn from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards. Find the probability that they are both kings if i)
the first card drawn is replaced. Ii) first card drawn is not replaced.

4.An envelope contains 6 tickets with number 1,2,3,5,6,7. Another envelope contains 4 tickets with number
1,3,5,7. An envelope is chosen at random and ticket is drawn from it.find the probability that the ticket bears
the numbers i) 2 or 5 ii) 2.

5. A box contains 6 red balls, 4 white balls and 5 blue balls. Three balls are drawn successively from the box.
Find the probability that they are drawn in the order red, white and blue if each ball is not replaced.

6. There are six married couple in a room. If two persons are chosen at random, find the probability that i) they
are of different sex.

Mathematical Expression

1. If the random variable X takes the values X=1, 2, 3 with corresponding probabilities 1/6, 2/3, 1/6. Find E(x)
and E (𝑥 2 ).
2. Variable x takes the values 0,1,2,3,4,5 with probability of each as 1/15,2/15,3/15,3/15,5/15,1/15, find
expectation of x.

Chi-Square Hypothesis:
1. In an experiment on pea breeding, a scientist obtained the following frequencies of seed: 316 round and
yellow, 102 wrinkled and yellow, 109 round and green and 33 wrinkled and green. Theory predicts that the
frequencies of seed should be in the proportion 9:3:3:1 respectively. Set a proper hypothesis and test it at 5%
2
l.o.s. .(𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝜒3:0.05 = 7.815)

2. Among 64 off spring of a certain cross between European horses, 34 were red, 10 were black, and 20 were
white. According to a genetic model, these numbers should be in the ratio 9:3:4. Is the data consistent with the
2
model at 5% level significance.(𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝜒2:0.05 =5.99)

3. The proportions of blood type O, A, B and AB in the general population of a country are known to be in the
ratio 49:38:9:4 respectively. A research team observed the frequencies of the blood type as 88, 80, 22 and 10
respectively in a community of that country. Test the hypothesis at 5% level of significance.
2
(𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝜒𝑡𝑎𝑏 = 7.815).

*Binomial Distribution*

1. An unbiased coin is thrown 10 times. Find the probability of getting exactly 6 heads, at least 6 heads.

2. On an average a box containing 10 articles is likely to have 2 defective. If we consider a consignment of 100
boxes, how many of them are expected to have three or less defectives?
3. A coin is so biases that appearance of head is twice likely as that of tail. If throw is made 6 times, find the
probability that at least 2 head will appear.

4. 20% of bolts produced by a machine are defective. Determine the probability that out of 4 bolts chosen at
random i) 1 is defective ii) zero is defective iii) at most 2 bolts are defective.

5. Out of 2000 families with 4 children each, how many would you expect to have i) at least a boy ii) 2 boys iii)
no girls?

6. The Mean and variance of binomial distribution are 4 and 2 respectively. Find P(r≥1).

*Poisson Distribution*

1. In a certain factory turning out razor blades, there is a small chance of 1/500 for any blade to be defective.
The blades are supplied in a packet of 10. Use Poisson distribution to calculate the approximate number of
packets containing no defective and two defective blades, in a 10,000 packets.

2. The Average number of misprint per page of a book is 1.5. Assuming the distribution of number of misprint to
be Poisson, find i) particular book is free from misprint. Ii) Number of pages containing more than one misprint
if the book contains 900pages.

3. Number of road accidents on a high way during a month follows a Poisson distribution with mean 5. Find the
Probability that in certain month number of accident on the highway will be i) less than 3 ii) between 3 and 5.

4. In a Poisson distribution if p(r=1) =2p(r=2), find p(r=3).

Normal Distribution

1. Assuming that the distance of 1000 brass plugs taken consecutively from machine from a normal
distribution with mean 0.7515cm and standard deviation 0.0020cm. How many of plugs are likely to be
approved if the acceptable diameter is 0.752±0.004cm.(Given Area =.478 for z=2.25 and Area 0.4599 for
z=1.75). (Hint : Last answer multiply by 1000)
2. The lifetime of an article has a normal distribution with mean 400 hours and standard deviation 50 hours.
Find the expected number of articles out of 2000 whose lifetime lies between 335 hours to 465 hours.
(Given z=1.3, A=0.4032). (Hint : Last answer multiply by 2000)
3. A random sample of 200 screws is drawn from a population which represent the size of screw. If a sample
is distributed normally with a mean 3.15cm and standard deviation 0.025cm find expected number of
screws whose size falls between 3.12cm and 3.2cm. (Given A=0.3849 for z=1.2 and A=0.4772 for z=2.0)
(Hint : Last answer multiply by 200)
4. For A normal distribution when the mean =1 , S.D.=3 find the probabilities for the intervals;
i) 3.43 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 6.19 ii)−1.43 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 6.19 (Given A=0.4582 for z=1.73 and A=0.2910 for z=0.18)
5. For A normal distribution when the mean =15 , S.D=3, find the probabilities for the intervals;

𝑃(𝑥 ≥ 18) (Given A=0.3413 for z=1).

Unit No. 5:

1. Using the bisection method, find a root of the equation 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 − 9 = 0 correct to three decimal places.
2. Find the root of the equation 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 using the bisection method at the 6th iteration.
3. Find the positive real root of xlogx=1.2 using bisection method at the end of fifth iteration.
4. Find the roots of the following equation by secant method, at fifth iteration
i) x 3 − 2x 2 + 3x − 4 = 0
ii) x 3 − 5x − 7 = 0
iii) cosx = xex
5. Use Regula-Falsi Method to find root of the equations at the end of fifth decimal.
i) ex − 4x = 0
ii) x 3 − 2x − 5 = 0
iii) cosx = xex
6. Find the real root of equation by Newton Raphson method at the end of fifth itration
i) x 3 + 2x − 5 = 0
ii) x − e−x = 0
iii) 3x-cosx-1=0
7. Solve system of linear equation by Gauss Elimination Method.
i) 4x1 + x2 + x3 = 4, x1 + 4x2 − 2x3 = 4, 3x1 + 2x2 − 4x3 = 6
ii) x1 + 4x2 − x3 = −5, x1 + x2 − 6x3 = −12, 3x1 − x2 − x3 = 4
8. Solve the following equations by Jacobi’s iteration method and Gauss Seidel Method.
i) 28x1 + 4x2 − x3 = 32, x1 + 3x2 + 10x3 = 24, 2x1 + 17x2 + 4x3 = 35
ii) 20x1 + x2 − 2x3 = 17, 3x1 + 20x2 − x3 = −18, 2x1 − 3x2 + 20x3 = 25
iii) 10x1 + x2 + x3 = 12, 2x1 + 10x2 + x3 = 13, 2x1 + 2x2 + 10x3 = 14.

10.Solve the equation by Choleskys Method:

i) 2x1 − x2 = 1, −x1 + 3x2 + x3 = 0, x2 + 2x3 = 0

ii) x1 + x2 − x3 = 2, 2x1 + 3x2 + 5x3 = −3, 3x1 + 2x2 − 3x3 = 6
Unit No. 6:
𝑑𝑦
1) Solve by Euler’s Method = 1 + 𝑥𝑦 subject to the condition at x=0,y=1 and tabulate x= 0 (0.1) 0.5.
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
2) Solve by Euler’s Method = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 subject to the condition at x=0,y=1 and tabulate x= 0 (0.1) 0.5.
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
3) Solve by Euler’s Method = 𝑥 + 𝑦 , y(0)=0, choose h=0.2 and compute y(0.4) and y(0.6).
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
4) Solve by modified Euler’s Method = 1 + 𝑥𝑦 subject to the condition at x=0,y=1 to find y at x = 0.1
𝑑𝑥
taking h=0.1.
𝑑𝑦
5) Solve by modified Euler’s Method = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 subject to the condition at x=0,y=1, find y at x= 0.1 taking
𝑑𝑥
h=0.1.
6) Use Runge Kutta fourth order method,
𝑑𝑦
i) = √𝑥 + 𝑦 Subject to the condition x=0, y=1 and find y at x=0.2 taking h=0.2.
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
ii) = , 𝑥0 = 0, 𝑦0 = 1 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑦 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0.4 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 ℎ = 0.2.
𝑑𝑥 𝑥+𝑦
1 2
7) Use Trapezoidal rule to numerically evaluate 𝐼 = ∫0 𝑥. 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 by taking h=0.1.
1
8) Use Trapezoidal rule to numerically evaluate 𝐼 = ∫0 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 by taking h=0.1.
9) Use Simpson (1/3rd and 3/8th) rule to evaluate
3 1
i) 𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥 With 7- ordinate and also calculate log2.
𝑥+1
21
ii) 𝐼= ∫1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 With four intervals.
𝜋/2 𝜋
iii) 𝐼= ∫0 √𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 Taking ℎ = .
6
2 1
iv) 𝐼= ∫1 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 With h=0.5 and h=0.25.
12) Find the value of y for x = 0.5 using Newton’s forward
difference formula for following data.
x 0 1 2 3 4
y 1 5 25 100 250
13) using Newton’s forward difference formula , find the
population in the year 1895 from given data,
X (year) 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931
Y(population) 46 66 81 93 101
14) Determine the value of y = √151 , using Newton’s
forward difference formula, from the following data.
x 150 152 154 156
Y = √𝑥 12.247 12.329 12.410 12.490
15) Find the value of f(4.5) using Newton’s backward
difference formula correct upto 4 decimal places for
following data.
x 1 2 3 4 5
Y = f(x) 14 30 62 116 198
16) using Newton’s backward difference formula , find y at
x= 3.5 from given data,
X 0 1 2 3 4 5
Y 5.2 8 10.4 12.4 14 15.2
17) using Newton’s backward difference formula , find y at
x= 4.5 for the following data,
X 1 2 3 4 5
Y 3.47 6.92 11.25 16.75 22.94
18) Using newton’s backward interpolation formula, find the
polynomial satisfying the data.also,find y when
x =4.5.
x 1 2 3 4 5
y 14 30 62 116 198