Time Table Managemnt

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction to Python

Python is a widely used general-purpose, high level programming language. It

was created by Guido van Rossum in 1991 and further developed by the Python
Software Foundation. It was designed with an emphasis on code readability, and
its syntax allows programmers to express their concepts in fewer lines of code.

Python is a programming language that lets you work quickly and integrate
systems more efficiently.

1.2 Features of Python

• Easy-to-learn − Python has few keywords, simple structure, and a clearly

defined syntax. This allows the student to pick up the language quickly.
• Easy-to-read and maintain − Python code is more clearly defined and
visible to the eyes and the source code is fairly easy-to-maintain.
• Portable − Python can run on a wide variety of hardware platforms and
has the same interface on all platforms.
• Extendable − You can add low-level modules to the Python interpreter.
These modules enable programmers to add to or customize their tools to
be more efficient. More libraries can be extended.
• Databases − Python provides interfaces to all major commercial
databases.
• GUI Programming − Python supports GUI applications that can be
created and ported to many system calls, libraries and windows systems,
such as Windows MFC, X Window system of Unix.

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

1
 Time Table Managemnt

1.3 Applications:

1. GUI based desktop applications

2. Graphic design, image processing applications, Games, and Scientific/
computational Applications
3. Enterprise, Business applications and Education
4. Operating Systems
5. Database Access
6. Software Development

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

2
 Time Table Managemnt

DATATYPES IN PYTHON

2.1 Datatypes
2.1.1 Numeric
Numeric data type represents the data which has numeric value.
Numeric value can be integer, floating number or even complex
numbers. These values are defined as int, float and complex class in
Python.
• Integers - This value is represented by int class. It contains
positive or negative whole numbers (without fraction or decimal).
In Python there is no limit to how long an integer value can be.
• Float – This value is represented by float class. It is a real
number with floating point representation. It is specified by a
decimal point.

2.1.2. String
A string is a collection of one or more characters put in a single quote or
double-quote
For example : x = “ABC”

2.1.3. List
The list is a combination of numbers, string, characters in one variable which
can be written as a list of comma-separated values (items) between square
brackets. It is mutable.
For Example - list1 = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000] list2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

3
 Time Table Managemnt

2.1.4. Tuples
Tuple is also an ordered collection of Python objects. The only difference
between tuple and list is that tuples are immutable i.e. tuples cannot be
modified after it is created. It is represented by tuple class.
For example – tup1 = ('physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000)
tup2 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

2.1.5. Set
Set is an unordered collection of data type that is mutable and has no
duplicate elements.
For example – x = {1, 5, 4,3} //O.P = {1, 3, 4, 5}

2.1.6. Dictionary
Each key is separated from its value by a colon (:), the items are
separated by commas, and the whole thing is enclosed in curly braces.
Keys are unique within a dictionary while values may not be. The values
of a dictionary can be of any type, but the keys must be of an immutable
data type such as strings, numbers, or tuples.
For Exampledict = {‘Name’:’Zara’,’Age’:7,’Class’:’First’}
print(dict[‘Name’])

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

4
 Time Table Managemnt

VARIABLES, OPERATORS & CONTROL STATEMENTS

3.1 Variables
Python Variable is containers which store values. Python is not “statically typed”.
We do not need to declare variables before using them or declare their type. A
variable is created the moment we first assign a value to it. A Python variable is
a name given to a memory location. It is the basic unit of storage in a program.

3.2 Operators
3.2.1 Arithmetic Operators
It is mainly use to perform arithmetic operation or do simple
calculation like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus and
exponent, etc.
For Example -
print("\n ")
print ("1.Arithematic operators in Python :-")
x = 10
y=2
print(x,"+",y,"=",x+y) // Addition
print(x,"-",y,"=",x-y) //Subtraction
print(x,"*",y,"=",x*y) // Multiplication
print(x,"/",y,"=",x/y) // Division
print(x,"Mod",y,"=",x%y) //Modulus
print(x,"exp",y,"=",x**y) // Exponent

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

5
 Time Table Managemnt

3.2.2 Comparison Operator

It is mainly used to compare two values.
For Example -
print("\n ")
print("2.Comparision operators in Python :-")
print (x,"is greater than",y,"=",x>y) //Greater Than
print (x,"is less than",y,"=",x<y) //Less Than
print (x,"is equal to",y,"=",x==y) //Equal To
print (x,"is not equal to",y,"=",x!=y) //Not Equal To
print (x,"is greater than equal to",y,"=",x>=y) //Greater than Equal
to
print (x,"is less than equal to",y,"=",x<=y) //Less than Equal to

3.2.3 Logical Operator

It is used for conditional statements are true or false.
For Example -
a = True
b =False
print("\n ")
print("3.Logical operators in Python :-")
print(a, "and" ,b, "=" , a and b) //Logical AND
print(a, "or" ,b, "=" , a or b) //Logical OR
print("not a & not b =" , not a,"&", not b ) //logical NOT for x and y
both
print ("\n")

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

6
 Time Table Managemnt

3.2.4 Bitwise Operator

It is used to perform the operations on the data at the bit level(0
and1) or on bits.
For Example -
x=0
y=1
print(x & y) //0
print(x | y) //1
print(~x ) // -(n+1) = -1
print(x ^ y) // 1
print (x >> y) ) //0
print (x << y) ) //0

3.2.5 Assignment Operator

It is used to assign the value.
For example -
print("Assignment operators in python :-")
x=x+3 //Add
print(x)
x=x-3 //Subtract
print(x)
x=x*3 //Multiply
print(x)
x=x/3 //Divide
print(x)
x=x%3 //Modulus

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

7
 Time Table Managemnt

print(x)
x=x**3//Exponent
print(x)
x=12
x=x&3 //AND
print(x)
x=12
x=x|3 //OR
print(x)
x=12
x=x^3 //NOT
print(x)
x=12
x=x>>3 //Right Shift
print(x)
x=12
x=x<<3 //Left Shift
print(x)
x=3 //Equals to
print(x)
print("\n")

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

8
 Time Table Managemnt

3.2.6 Special Operators

a) Identify Operator
Identity operators are used to compare the objects, not if they are equal, but
if they are actually the same object, with the same memory location.
For example –
print("Identified operators in python:-")
a = ["apple", "banana"]
b= ["apple", "banana"]
c=a

b) Membership Operator
Membership operators are used to test if a sequence is presented in an
object.
For example
print("\n")
print("Membership operators in python :-")
a = ["apple", "banana"]
print ("banana" in a)
print("banana" not in a)

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

9
 Time Table Managemnt

3.3 Control flow Statements

(Conditional Statements)
3.31 Simple if statement: - prints the results only when the if statement
is correct.
Example -
print ("Simple if Statements in Python: -")
s = 10
if s == 10:
print("Yes")
print("\n")

3.3.2 if else Statement: - if condition is correct print given statement or

print the statement
in else.
Example -
print("if else statements in python :- ")
if s <10 :
print("Yes")
else:
print("Noo")
print("\n")

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

10
 Time Table Managemnt

3.3.3 if elif : - using this we can print many conditions in one program.
Example -
print("if elif statements in python ")
if s <10 :
print("Yes")
elif s == 10:
print("Yesssss")
else :
print("Noo")
print("\n")

3.3.4 Nested if statements : - takes multiple if condition statements.

Example
print("Nested if Statements in python :-")
if s < 15:
if s % 2 == 0:
print("Even")
else:
print("Odd")
print("\n")

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

11
 Time Table Managemnt

3.4 LOOPS IN PYTHON

Looping or Loop: - Looping means repeating something over and over until a
particular condition is satisfied.

3.4.1 For Loop: - used for iterating over a sequence.

Example -
print("For loop in python :- ")
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in fruits:
print(x)

3.4.2 For range between: - prints the value between the given range in
the list.
Example -
print("For Range between in list in python :- ")
y = [1,2,3,4,5]
for n in range(0,3):
print(n)
print ("\n")
print("For in Range in python :-")
for d in range (1, 10):
print(d)
print("\n")

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

12
 Time Table Managemnt

3.4.3 While Loops: - Entry controlled loop.

Check the given value in while condition and then print result, if the
condition is correct then increments or decrements variable to given
command and the loop continues till the condition is false.
Example
print("While loop in Python")
i=1
while i < 6:
print(i)
i += 1

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

13
 Time Table Managemnt

Object oriented programming

Python is a multi-paradigm programming language. It supports different

programming approaches.
One of the popular approaches to solve a programming problem is by creating
objects. This is known as Object-Oriented Programming (OOP).

4.1 Inheritance
The mechanism of deriving a new class from existing one is known as
Inheritance.
Inheritance can be of following types:

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

14
 Time Table Managemnt

4.2 Polymorphism
The word polymorphism means having many forms. In programming,
polymorphism means the same function name (but different signatures) being
used for different types.
Example
def f (x, y):
print (x, y)
f(1,2)
f([1,2,3,4],(1,2,3,4))
f(“Stephan”, “D’Souza”)

4.3 Overloading
Overloading is the ability of a function or an operator to behave in different
ways based on the parameters that are passed to the function, or the operands
that the operator acts on.
Example -
class human:
def sayhello (self, name =None):
if name is not Name:
print ('hello' +name).
else:
print("hello")
obj = human
obj. Sayhello ()
obj. Sayhello ("Donald trump")

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

15
 Time Table Managemnt

4.4 Overriding
Overriding is an ability of any object-oriented programming language that
allows a subclass or child class to provide a specific implementation of a
method that is already provided by one of its super-classes or parent classes.
When a method in a subclass has the same name, same parameters or signature
and same return type (or sub-type) as a method in its super-class, then the
method in the subclass is said to override the method in the super-class.
Example -
class A:
def x(self):
print('A')
class B (A):
def x(self):
print ('B')
class C(A):
def x(self):
print ('C')
class D(B,A):
def x(self):
print ("D')

y = D()
y.x()
A.x(y)

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

16
 Time Table Managemnt

Ch
GUI (Graphical User Interface)

In Python GUI we have to use the library called Tkinter.

Tkinter is the standard GUI library for Python. Python when combined with
Tkinter provides a fast and easy way to create GUI applications. Tkinter
provides a powerful object oriented interface to the Tk GUI toolkit.
Creating a GUI application using Tkinter is an easy task. All you need to do is
perform the
following steps −
Import the Tkinter module.
Create the GUI application main window.
Add one or more of the above-mentioned widgets to the GUI application.
Enter the main event loop to take action against each event triggered by the
user.

5.1 Installation
• To install Tkinter run the following command in command prompt .
pip install tk

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

17
 Time Table Managemnt

5.2 Widgets
 Button
 Canvas
 Check Button
 Combo Box
 Entry
 Frame
 Label
 Label Frame
 List Box
 Menu
 Menu button
 Message
 Notebook
 Radio button
 Scroll bar
 Text

5.3 Buttons

import Tkinter as tk
no = tk.Tk()
B = tk. Button (no, text = “Hello”)
B. pack ()
no. mainloop ()

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

18
 Time Table Managemnt

5.4 List Box

from Tkinter import *

import tkMessageBox
import Tkinter
top = Tk()
Lb1 = Listbox(top)
Lb1.insert(1, "Python")
Lb1.insert(2, "Perl")
Lb1.insert(3, "C")
Lb1.insert(4, "PHP")
Lb1.insert(5, "JSP")
Lb1.insert(6, "Ruby")
Lb1.pack()
top.mainloop()

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

19
 Time Table Managemnt

5.5 Message Box

from tkinter import *

from tkinter import messagebox
root = Tk()
root.geometry("300x200")
w = Label(root, text ='GeeksForGeeks', font = "50")
w.pack()
messagebox.showinfo("showinfo", "Information")
messagebox.showwarning("showwarning", "Warning")
messagebox.showerror("showerror", "Error")
messagebox.askquestion("askquestion", "Are you sure?")
messagebox.askokcancel("askokcancel", "Want to continue?")
messagebox.askyesno("askyesno", "Find the value?")
messagebox.askretrycancel("askretrycancel", "Try again?")
root.mainloop()

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

20
 Time Table Managemnt

Chapter 6
Data Analysis and Visualization

6.1 Overview of Data Analysis using Pandas

Pandas is a powerful open-source library in Python that provides
easy-to-use data structures and data analysis tools. It is widely used
for data manipulation, preparation, and exploration. Here's a brief
overview of how Pandas is used for data analysis

6.2 Data Structures in Pandas

⚫ Pandas provides two primary data structures: i) Series and ii) DataFrame

i) Series: A one-dimensional labeled array, similar to a column in a spreadsheet.

It can hold data of any type (integers, strings, floats, etc.)

CODE:
import pandas as pd

# Creating a Series
data = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
series = pd.Series(data)
print(series)

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

21
 Time Table Managemnt

ii) DataFrame: A two-dimensional labeled data structure, like a spreadsheet or

SQL table. It consists of rows and columns, where each column can have a
different data type.

CODE:
# Creating a DataFrame from a dictionary
data = {
'Name': ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie', 'David'],
'Age': [25, 30, 22, 28],
'City': ['New York', 'San Francisco', 'Chicago', 'Los Angeles']
}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
print(df)

6.3 Data Manipulation and Cleaning:

⚫ Pandas provides numerous methods for data manipulation and cleaning,

such as filtering, sorting, merging, joining, and handling missing values.

I) Filtering Data:

# Filtering DataFrame based on a condition

filtered_df = df[df['Age'] > 25]
print(filtered_df)

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

22
 Time Table Managemnt

Ii) Handling Missing Values:

# Handling missing values (NaN) in DataFrame

df['Salary'] = [50000, 60000, None, 45000]
df.fillna(0, inplace=True)
print(df)

Iii) Sorting Data:

# Sorting DataFrame by a specific column

sorted_df = df.sort_values(by='Age', ascending=False)
print(sorted_df)

6.4 Visualizing Data using Matplotlib and Seaborn:

⚫ Matplotlib and Seaborn are two popular Python libraries used for data
visualization. Matplotlib provides a versatile and customizable way to create
various types of plots, while Seaborn is built on top of Matplotlib and
simplifies the creation of complex statistical visualizations.

I) Line Plot using Matplotlib:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Data
x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [10, 20, 15, 30, 25]

# Create a line plot

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

23
 Time Table Managemnt

plt.plot(x, y, marker='o')
plt.xlabel('X-axis')
plt.ylabel('Y-axis')
plt.title('Line Plot Example')
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()

Ii) Bar Plot using Seaborn:

import seaborn as sns

# Data
categories = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']
values = [25, 40, 15, 20]

# Create a bar plot

sns.barplot(x=categories, y=values)
plt.xlabel('Categories')
plt.ylabel('Values')
plt.title('Bar Plot Example')
plt.show()

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

24
 Time Table Managemnt

Chapter 7
Machine Learning and AI

7.1 Introduction to Machine Learning and AI

⚫ Machine Learning (ML) is a subfield of artificial intelligence (AI) that

focuses on developing algorithms and models that allow computers to learn
from data and make decisions or predictions without being explicitly
programmed. ML algorithms use historical data to identify patterns,
correlations, and relationships within the data, enabling the system to make
accurate predictions or decisions on new, unseen data.

⚫ Artificial Intelligence, on the other hand, is a broader concept that aims to

create machines or systems that can perform tasks that typically require
human intelligence. AI encompasses a wide range of techniques, including
ML, natural language processing (NLP), computer vision, robotics, and
more.

7.2 Types of Machine Learning

I. Supervised Learning:

⚫ In supervised learning, the algorithm is trained on labeled data with

input-
⚫ output pairs.
⚫ The goal is to learn a mapping from input features to corresponding
⚫ output labels.
⚫ Common tasks include classification (predicting categories) and
⚫ regression (predicting continuous values).

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

25
 Time Table Managemnt

Ii. Unsupervised Learning:

⚫ Unsupervised learning is trained on unlabeled data, seeking patterns and

structures without guidance.
⚫ It discovers inherent relationships, such as clustering similar data points
together.
⚫ Tasks include clustering, dimensionality reduction, and anomaly
detection.

Iii. Semi-Supervised Learning:

⚫ Semi-supervised learning combines labeled and unlabeled data during

training.
⚫ Useful when labeled data is limited or costly to obtain.
⚫ It aims to improve model performance by leveraging both labeled and
unlabeled data.

7.3 Python Libraries for Machine Learning

.
⚫ scikit-learn (sklearn): Widely used for ML tasks, providing various
algorithms and tools.
⚫ TensorFlow: Open-source deep learning framework by Google's Brain
Team.
⚫ PyTorch: Popular deep learning framework known for flexibility.
⚫ XGBoost: Efficient gradient boosting library for structured data tasks.
⚫ Keras: High-level neural network API (integrated into TensorFlow).
⚫ Pandas and NumPy: Fundamental libraries for data manipulation and
preparation.
⚫ Seaborn and Matplotlib: Data visualization libraries for analysis.

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

26
 Time Table Managemnt

.
Chapter 8
Time-Table-Management-System

8.1 Source Code

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import messagebox
import os, sys
sys.path.insert(0, 'windows/')
import timetable_stud
import timetable_fac
import sqlite3

def challenge():
conn = sqlite3.connect(r'files/timetable.db')
user = str(combo1.get())
if user == "Student":
cursor = conn.execute(f"SELECT PASSW, SECTION, NAME, ROLL FROM STUDENT
WHERE SID='{id_entry.get()}'")
cursor = list(cursor)
if len(cursor) == 0:
messagebox.showwarning('Bad id', 'No such user found!')
elif passw_entry.get() != cursor[0][0]:
messagebox.showerror('Bad pass', 'Incorret Password!')
else:
nw = tk.Tk()
tk.Label(
nw,
text=f'{cursor[0][2]}\tSection: {cursor[0][1]}\tRoll No.:
{cursor[0][3]}',
font=('Consolas', 12, 'italic'),
).pack()

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

27
 Time Table Managemnt

m.destroy()
timetable_stud.student_tt_frame(nw, cursor[0][1])
nw.mainloop()
elif user == "Faculty":
cursor = conn.execute(f"SELECT PASSW, INI, NAME, EMAIL FROM FACULTY WHERE
FID='{id_entry.get()}'")
cursor = list(cursor)
if len(cursor) == 0:
messagebox.showwarning('Bad id', 'No such user found!')
elif passw_entry.get() != cursor[0][0]:
messagebox.showerror('Bad pass', 'Incorret Password!')
else:
nw = tk.Tk()
tk.Label(
nw,
text=f'{cursor[0][2]} ({cursor[0][1]})\tEmail: {cursor[0][3]}',
font=('Consolas', 12, 'italic'),
).pack()
m.destroy()
timetable_fac.fac_tt_frame(nw, cursor[0][1])
nw.mainloop()
elif user == "Admin":
if id_entry.get() == 'admin' and passw_entry.get() == 'admin':
m.destroy()
os.system('py windows\\admin_screen.py')
# sys.exit()
else:
messagebox.showerror('Bad Input', 'Incorret Username/Password!')

m = tk.Tk()
m.geometry('400x430')
m.title('Welcome')
tk.Label(
m,
text='TIMETABLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM',

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

28
 Time Table Managemnt

font=('Consolas', 20, 'bold'),

wrap=400
).pack(pady=20)
tk.Label(
m,
text='Welcome!\nLogin to continue',
font=('Consolas', 12, 'italic')
).pack(pady=10)
tk.Label(
m,
text='Username',
font=('Consolas', 15)
).pack()
id_entry = tk.Entry(
m,
font=('Consolas', 12),
width=21
)
id_entry.pack()
# Label5
tk.Label(
m,
text='Password:',
font=('Consolas', 15)
).pack()
# toggles between show/hide password
def show_passw():
if passw_entry['show'] == "●":
passw_entry['show'] = ""
B1_show['text'] = '●'
B1_show.update()
elif passw_entry['show'] == "":
passw_entry['show'] = "●"
B1_show['text'] = '○'
B1_show.update()

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

29
 Time Table Managemnt

passw_entry.update()
pass_entry_f = tk.Frame()
pass_entry_f.pack()
# Entry2
passw_entry = tk.Entry(
pass_entry_f,
font=('Consolas', 12),
width=15,
show="●"
)
passw_entry.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
B1_show = tk.Button(
pass_entry_f,
text='○',
font=('Consolas', 12, 'bold'),
command=show_passw,
)
B1_show.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=15)
combo1 = ttk.Combobox(
m,
values=['Student', 'Faculty', 'Admin']
)
combo1.pack(pady=15)
combo1.current(0)
tk.Button(
m,
text='Login',
font=('Consolas', 12, 'bold'),
padx=30,
command=challenge
).pack(pady=10)
m.mainloop()

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

30
 Time Table Managemnt

8.2 Output

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

31
 Time Table Managemnt

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

32
 Time Table Managemnt

Chapter 9
Weekly Diary

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

33
 Time Table Managemnt

Chapter 10
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Time-Table Management System project developed using
Python provides an efficient and user-friendly solution for automating the
process of creating and managing academic timetables. The project aimed to
streamline the time-consuming and error-prone manual timetable generation
process prevalent in educational institutions.

The key features of the Time-Table Management System include:

• User authentication and role-based access for administrators, faculty, and

students.
• A user-friendly interface for adding courses, faculty, classrooms, and
other relevant details.

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

34
 Time Table Managemnt

• Automated timetable generation based on predefined constraints and

preferences.
• Real-time conflict resolution to ensure optimal allocation of resources.
• Easy-to-use interface for viewing and modifying the generated
timetables.

 The implementation of this project involved utilizing Python's powerful

libraries, such as Django for web development and Pandas for data
manipulation. The Django framework allowed for rapid development and
easy management of the database-driven application. Pandas facilitated
efficient handling of data, making it easier to implement the timetable
generation algorithm.

 In conclusion, the Time-Table Management System is a valuable addition to

educational institutions, promoting effective time management and
enhancing the learning experience for both faculty and students.

⚫ References

◼ Django Documentation. https://docs.djangoproject.com/

◼ Pandas Documentation. https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/
◼ Brown, L., & Roode, D. (2019). Python Django Tutorial: Full-Featured Web App
Part 1 - Getting Started. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UmljXZIypDc
◼ Ramalho, L. (2015). Fluent Python: Clear, Concise, and Effective Programming.
O'Reilly Media.
◼ DataCamp. (n.d.). Python for Data Science Cheat Sheet: Pandas Basics.
https://www.datacamp.com/community/blog/python-pandas-cheat-sheet
◼ Note: The references mentioned above are for general guidance and to acknowledge
the sources of information used during the development of the Time-Table
Management System project. The actual references may vary depending on the
specific resources and documentation accessed during your project development.
Always ensure to cite relevant sources accurately in your project report.

Department of Computer Technology Government Polytechnic Beed

35