Important questions for exam- BTHU 103-18

1) What is communication? What is Business Communication? PPT

**Communication** is the process of sharing information, ideas, or feelings between people

through speaking, writing, gestures, or other forms. It's essential for effective interpersonal
relationships and societal functions, as it helps people understand each other and work together
toward common goals. Communication involves a sender, a message, a medium, and a receiver,
with feedback completing the cycle to ensure mutual understanding.

**Business Communication** is a specialized form of communication focused on sharing

information within a business or between businesses and external parties. It encompasses the
exchange of ideas, instructions, and feedback to facilitate business operations, enhance
productivity, and achieve organizational objectives. Business communication includes both formal
and informal channels and can occur through written documents, presentations, meetings, emails,
and more. Its main aim is to ensure clarity, efficiency, and a positive professional relationship with
stakeholders, such as customers, employees, and partners.

In business, effective communication is essential for decision-making, problem-solving, and fostering

a positive work environment.

2) What is the importance of Personal, Social, and Business communication? PPT

**Importance of Personal, Social, and Business Communication**

1. **Personal Communication**
Personal communication is the exchange of information between individuals on a personal level, such
as friends, family, and acquaintances. It is vital because it:
- **Strengthens Relationships**: Helps build and maintain relationships with loved ones, providing
emotional support and understanding.
- **Develops Self-Expression**: Encourages individuals to express their thoughts, needs, and feelings,
leading to personal growth.
- **Enhances Emotional Well-being**: Helps reduce stress and improve mental health through open
and supportive interactions.
- **Builds Trust and Respect**: By sharing openly, individuals develop mutual trust, respect, and a
sense of belonging.

2. **Social Communication**
 Social communication refers to interactions in social settings, whether informal or within groups,
communities, or society. It is important because it:
- **Facilitates Social Bonding**: Strengthens social ties and promotes a sense of community and
cooperation.
- **Encourages Cultural Exchange**: Enables individuals to share and appreciate cultural diversity,
values, and traditions.
- **Promotes Inclusion and Understanding**: Reduces stereotypes and misunderstandings, creating a
more inclusive society.
- **Supports Civic Engagement**: Encourages active participation in social causes, community
services, and public discussions.

3. **Business Communication**
Business communication is the sharing of information within an organization or with external
stakeholders like clients and suppliers. Its importance lies in the following:
- **Enhances Organizational Efficiency**: Clear communication ensures that tasks are understood,
reducing errors and improving productivity.
- **Builds Professional Relationships**: Effective communication fosters trust and respect among
employees, clients, and business partners.
- **Supports Decision-Making**: Accurate and timely information flow enables better decision-making
and strategic planning.
- **Improves Customer Satisfaction**: Good communication with customers ensures transparency,
reliability, and service satisfaction.
- **Drives Innovation and Growth**: Open communication channels allow for brainstorming,
feedback, and sharing of ideas that lead to innovation and development.

In summary, **Personal, Social, and Business communication** each play unique and crucial roles in
promoting emotional well-being, community cohesion, and professional success. Together, they
enhance individuals' ability to thrive in personal life, society, and the workplace.

3) What is the process of communication? PPT

The process of communication is a systematic sequence of steps that involves the exchange of
information between individuals. This process includes several key components that ensure effective
message delivery and understanding. Here’s a breakdown of the main stages:

1. **Sender**
The sender, also known as the communicator or source, initiates the communication process. They
have an idea, thought, or piece of information they want to share with others.
2. **Encoding**
Encoding is the process of converting the idea into a communicable form, such as words, gestures,
images, or sounds. The sender chooses the appropriate language, tone, symbols, and non-verbal cues to
convey the message effectively.

3. **Message**
The message is the actual content that the sender wants to communicate. It can be spoken, written, or
conveyed through non-verbal signals like facial expressions or body language.

4. **Channel**
The channel is the medium through which the message travels from the sender to the receiver. It can
be verbal (face-to-face, phone calls) or non-verbal (texts, emails, social media, printed material),
depending on the context and purpose of the communication.

5. **Receiver**
The receiver is the person or group who receives and interprets the sender’s message. Their role is to
listen, read, or observe the message and attempt to understand it as the sender intended.

6. **Decoding**
Decoding is the process by which the receiver interprets and makes sense of the message. It involves
understanding the language, symbols, and non-verbal cues used by the sender to extract the intended
meaning.

7. **Feedback**
Feedback is the receiver’s response to the sender’s message, indicating whether they understood it
accurately. It completes the communication loop, allowing the sender to know if the message was
effectively conveyed or if adjustments are needed.

8. **Noise (Interference)**
Noise refers to any external or internal factor that disrupts or distorts the communication process. This
could include physical distractions, language barriers, emotional biases, or misunderstandings that
hinder effective message delivery.

Each step in the communication process is essential for ensuring clarity and mutual understanding.
Effective communication depends on the sender’s ability to encode accurately, the clarity of the
message, the suitability of the channel, and the receiver’s ability to decode and respond appropriately.
4) What are the elements of communication with examples? PPT
5) What are the issues/ concerns of communication? PPT
The issues or concerns in communication can significantly impact the effectiveness of message
exchange and understanding. Here are some common concerns:

1. **Language Barriers**
Differences in language or vocabulary can lead to misunderstandings. Jargon, slang, or complex
terminology may confuse the receiver if they are unfamiliar with it.
 *Example*: A technical report filled with industry-specific jargon may be hard for non-experts to
understand.

2. **Cultural Differences**
Different cultural backgrounds influence communication styles, which can lead to
misunderstandings or unintended offense.
*Example*: Direct communication may be valued in one culture, while another may prefer indirect
or polite phrasing.

3. **Emotional Interference**
Emotions like anger, frustration, or anxiety can cloud judgment and lead to misinterpretations of
messages.
*Example*: An employee receiving feedback while feeling stressed may perceive constructive
criticism as negative.

4. **Physical Barriers**
Factors like noise, distance, or poor technology can distort communication.
*Example*: A weak internet connection during a video conference may cause delays and
misunderstandings.

5. **Lack of Clarity and Precision**

Vague or poorly structured messages can create confusion and lead to misinterpretation.
*Example*: Giving incomplete or ambiguous instructions to a team member can result in errors.

6. **Information Overload**
When the receiver is overwhelmed with too much information, they may not process the message
effectively.
*Example*: In a long email with multiple points, important details may be overlooked.

7. **Perceptual Differences**
People interpret messages based on their own perceptions, which may differ from the sender’s
intention.
*Example*: A sarcastic comment may be taken literally if the tone is not conveyed well.

8. **Feedback Delays**
Slow or absent feedback can disrupt the communication process, making it difficult to know if the
message was received or understood.
*Example*: A manager sends instructions via email but does not receive a response, leaving them
unsure if action will be taken.

9. **Lack of Active Listening**

Poor listening skills, such as interrupting or multitasking, can hinder understanding and cause the
speaker to feel disregarded.
 *Example*: A team member who is checking their phone during a meeting may miss key
information.

10. **Technological Issues**

Technology can be a barrier if the sender or receiver lacks proficiency or if tools malfunction.
*Example*: In a virtual meeting, a person unfamiliar with video conferencing software may
struggle to participate effectively.

Addressing these issues involves choosing clear language, fostering an understanding of cultural
differences, actively listening, and ensuring reliable feedback mechanisms.
6) Explain Theory of communication/ Aristotle model/ Rhetoric communication. PPT
7) Explain the Shannon-Weaver model. PPT
The **Shannon-Weaver Model of Communication** is a framework that describes the process of
transmitting information from a sender to a receiver, emphasizing the roles of encoding, transmission
through a channel, and the potential impact of noise on communication. It illustrates how messages are
constructed, conveyed, and interpreted, highlighting the importance of feedback in the communication
process.

The **Shannon-Weaver Model of Communication** consists of the following key components:

1. **Sender**: The originator of the message.

2. **Encoder**: The process of converting the message into a signal suitable for transmission.

3. **Channel**: The medium through which the message travels from the sender to the receiver.

4. **Noise**: Any interference that distorts or disrupts the message during transmission.

5. **Decoder**: The process of interpreting or translating the received signal back into a
comprehensible message.

6. **Receiver**: The individual or group that receives and interprets the message.

7. **Feedback**: The response from the receiver back to the sender, indicating whether the message
was received and understood.

8) Explain Berlo’s SMRC model. PPT

Berlo’s SMRC model, developed by David Berlo in 1960, is a communication model that focuses on
the process of communication and the components involved in it. SMRC stands for Source, Message,
Receiver, and Channel. This model emphasizes how effective communication depends on these four
components and their interrelationships.
### Components of Berlo's SMRC Model:

1. **Source (S):**
- The source is the originator of the message, which can be an individual or a group.
- **Characteristics of the Source:**
- **Encoding Skills:** The ability of the source to convert thoughts and ideas into a
communicable format.
- **Knowledge:** The expertise and understanding the source has about the topic being
communicated.
- **Attitude:** The source’s beliefs and feelings that can influence the communication process.
- **Social System:** The cultural and social context in which the source operates, affecting how
the message is formed.

2. **Message (M):**
- The message is the information or content that is being communicated from the source to the
receiver.
- **Characteristics of the Message:**
- **Structure:** The organization and presentation of the message (e.g., clarity, coherence).
- **Content:** The actual information, ideas, or feelings conveyed.
- **Code:** The symbols or language used in the message, which should be appropriate for the
audience.
- **Treatment:** The way the message is styled and presented (e.g., tone, emotional appeal).

3. **Receiver (R):**
- The receiver is the individual or group for whom the message is intended.
- **Characteristics of the Receiver:**
- **Decoding Skills:** The ability of the receiver to interpret and understand the message.
- **Knowledge:** The receiver’s familiarity with the subject matter, which affects
comprehension.
- **Attitude:** The receiver’s predisposition towards the source and the message can influence
interpretation.
- **Social System:** The cultural and social background of the receiver can shape how the
message is received.

4. **Channel (C):**
- The channel refers to the medium through which the message is transmitted from the source to
the receiver.
- **Types of Channels:**
- **Verbal Channels:** Spoken or written language (e.g., face-to-face conversation, books,
emails).
- **Non-verbal Channels:** Body language, gestures, facial expressions.
- **Media Channels:** Mass media, social media, television, radio.
- The choice of channel can impact the effectiveness of the communication, as different channels
have varying levels of reach, immediacy, and engagemen
9) What are different modes of communication? PPT
Modes of communication refer to the various methods and channels through which information,
ideas, and feelings are transmitted. These modes can be categorized based on the nature of the
communication, the medium used, and the context in which they occur. Here are the different
modes of communication:

### 1. **Verbal Communication**

- **Oral Communication:** Spoken language used in face-to-face conversations, phone calls,
speeches, and presentations. It allows for immediate feedback and clarification.
- **Written Communication:** Written text used in letters, emails, reports, articles, and books. It
provides a permanent record and can be reviewed later.

### 2. **Non-Verbal Communication**

- **Body Language:** Includes gestures, posture, facial expressions, and eye contact. Body
language can convey emotions and attitudes.
- **Paralanguage:** Refers to the vocal elements that accompany speech, such as tone, pitch,
loudness, and inflection. These can alter the meaning of verbal messages.
- **Proxemics:** The use of personal space and physical distance in communication. Different
cultures have varying norms regarding personal space.
- **Haptics:** Communication through touch, which can express emotions and social connections.

### 3. **Visual Communication**

- **Images and Graphics:** Use of pictures, charts, graphs, and diagrams to convey information
visually. This mode is effective for illustrating complex ideas.
- **Videos and Films:** Moving images used for storytelling, instruction, or entertainment. They
combine visual and auditory elements for impactful communication.
- **Infographics:** Visual representations of information or data that combine text and graphics
to present complex information clearly and concisely.

### 4. **Digital Communication**

- **Social Media:** Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and LinkedIn that facilitate
sharing information and connecting with others.
- **Instant Messaging and Chat Apps:** Real-time text communication through apps like
WhatsApp, Slack, or Messenger, enabling quick exchanges.
- **Email:** A written form of communication sent electronically, commonly used in professional
and personal contexts.

### 5. **Formal and Informal Communication**

- **Formal Communication:** Structured communication typically occurring in professional
settings, following established protocols (e.g., meetings, official emails, reports).
- **Informal Communication:** Casual and spontaneous exchanges that occur in social settings
(e.g., conversations with friends, casual chats at work).

### 6. **Interpersonal Communication**

 - Direct communication between individuals, encompassing both verbal and non-verbal elements.
It can occur in one-on-one situations or small group interactions.

### 7. **Group Communication**

- Communication that takes place in a group setting, which can be formal (like meetings) or
informal (like brainstorming sessions). Group dynamics play a significant role in how information is
exchanged.

### 8. **Public Communication**

- Communication directed at a larger audience, often involving speeches, presentations, or media
broadcasts. This mode is used to inform, persuade, or entertain a wide range of people.

### 9. **Mass Communication**

- Communication intended to reach a large audience through mass media channels, such as
television, radio, newspapers, and online platforms. It often involves one-way communication from
a source to the audience.

10) Explain different channels of communication. PPT

Channels of communication refer to the mediums through which messages are transmitted from the
sender to the receiver. The choice of channel can significantly impact the effectiveness of
communication, as different channels have varying attributes, advantages, and limitations. Here’s an
overview of the different channels of communication:

### 1. **Verbal Channels**

- **Face-to-Face Communication:** Direct interaction between individuals. It allows for
immediate feedback, non-verbal cues (like body language), and a personal connection.
- **Telephone Calls:** Voice communication over the phone, enabling real-time interaction. While
it lacks visual cues, tone and inflection can still convey emotions.
- **Video Conferencing:** Uses technology to allow face-to-face interaction over a distance (e.g.,
Zoom, Microsoft Teams). It combines visual and auditory elements and is effective for remote
communication.

### 2. **Written Channels**

- **Emails:** Digital messages sent via the internet, useful for formal communication and
documentation. Emails can be asynchronous, allowing the receiver to respond at their convenience.
- **Letters and Memos:** Traditional forms of written communication, often used in formal
settings. They provide a tangible record of communication.
- **Reports and Proposals:** Detailed documents that present information, analysis, or
suggestions. They are often used in business and academic contexts.

### 3. **Non-Verbal Channels**

- **Body Language:** Includes gestures, posture, facial expressions, and eye contact, which can
enhance or contradict verbal messages.
 - **Gestures:** Specific movements of hands or arms that convey meaning, such as thumbs up for
approval.
- **Proxemics:** The use of personal space to communicate comfort, intimacy, or authority.

### 4. **Visual Channels**

- **Graphs and Charts:** Visual representations of data that make complex information more
accessible and understandable.
- **Slideshows and Presentations:** Tools like PowerPoint used to convey information visually
during meetings or lectures.
- **Infographics:** Combine text and visuals to present information clearly and concisely, making
it easier to digest.

### 5. **Digital Channels**

- **Social Media:** Platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram used for sharing
information, opinions, and engaging with audiences.
- **Instant Messaging:** Real-time text communication through apps like WhatsApp or Slack,
allowing for quick exchanges and informal conversations.
- **Webinars and Online Workshops:** Virtual seminars that allow for interactive presentations
and discussions on various topics.

### 6. **Mass Media Channels**

- **Television and Radio:** Broadcast media that reach a wide audience. They are effective for
disseminating information quickly and can include visual and auditory elements.
- **Newspapers and Magazines:** Print media used to provide news, analysis, and features. They
are often used for more in-depth coverage of topics.
- **Podcasts:** Audio programs available online that can cover a wide range of topics, allowing for
on-demand listening.

### 7. **Interpersonal Channels**

- **Small Group Discussions:** Interaction among a small number of individuals, allowing for
dynamic exchanges of ideas and collaborative problem-solving.
- **Workshops and Training Sessions:** Organized events focused on skill development, often
involving interactive communication among participants.

### 8. **Formal and Informal Channels**

- **Formal Channels:** Established pathways of communication within an organization (e.g.,
official meetings, reports, and memos). They follow specific protocols and hierarchies.
- **Informal Channels:** Casual conversations and interactions that occur outside formal
structures (e.g., water cooler chats, social gatherings). These can often spread information quickly
and foster relationships.
11) Elaborate and discuss the types of communication. PPT
Communication can be categorized in various ways based on different criteria, such as the context,
purpose, and method used. Below are the main types of communication, each with its own
characteristics, advantages, and contexts in which they are most effective.
### 1. **Verbal Communication**
Verbal communication involves the use of spoken or written words to convey messages. It can be
further divided into:

- **Oral Communication:**
- **Definition:** Involves speaking directly to another person or group.
- **Examples:** Face-to-face conversations, phone calls, meetings, speeches.
- **Characteristics:**
- Allows for immediate feedback and clarification.
- Non-verbal cues (body language, tone of voice) can enhance understanding.
- **Advantages:**
- Quick and direct.
- Encourages dialogue and interaction.

- **Written Communication:**
- **Definition:** Involves the use of written words to convey messages.
- **Examples:** Emails, reports, letters, memos, articles.
- **Characteristics:**
- Provides a permanent record of communication.
- Can be edited for clarity and accuracy.
- **Advantages:**
- Allows for careful thought and organization of ideas.
- Suitable for formal communication and documentation.

### 2. **Non-Verbal Communication**

Non-verbal communication refers to the transmission of messages without the use of words. It
includes a variety of forms:

- **Body Language:**
- **Definition:** Involves physical behaviors that convey messages.
- **Examples:** Gestures, posture, facial expressions, eye contact.
- **Characteristics:**
- Often communicates emotions and attitudes more effectively than words.
- Can reinforce or contradict verbal messages.
- **Advantages:**
- Enhances the emotional tone of communication.
- Helps convey messages in situations where words may be insufficient.

- **Paralanguage:**
- **Definition:** Refers to the vocal elements that accompany speech, such as tone, pitch,
volume, and rate of speech.
- **Characteristics:**
- Conveys emotions and nuances in meaning.
 - **Advantages:**
- Helps express feelings and attitudes that words alone might not convey.

- **Proxemics and Haptics:**

- **Proxemics:** The use of personal space and physical distance in communication (e.g.,
standing close to someone can signal intimacy).
- **Haptics:** Communication through touch (e.g., a handshake, hug).
- **Advantages:**
- Provides additional layers of meaning in communication.

### 3. **Visual Communication**

Visual communication involves the use of visual aids to convey information or ideas:

- **Graphics and Images:**

- **Definition:** Use of visual elements such as charts, graphs, diagrams, and photographs.
- **Advantages:**
- Makes complex information easier to understand.
- Engages the audience visually.

- **Presentations:**
- **Definition:** Use of slideshows or multimedia presentations to convey information.
- **Examples:** PowerPoint presentations, infographics.
- **Advantages:**
- Combines text, visuals, and audio to enhance understanding and retention.

### 4. **Digital Communication**

Digital communication refers to the exchange of information through electronic means. This
includes:

- **Social Media:**
- **Definition:** Platforms for sharing information and engaging with audiences.
- **Examples:** Facebook, Twitter, Instagram.
- **Advantages:**
- Facilitates broad and rapid dissemination of information.
- Encourages interaction and engagement.

- **Instant Messaging:**
- **Definition:** Real-time text communication through applications.
- **Examples:** WhatsApp, Slack, Messenger.
- **Advantages:**
- Allows for quick exchanges and informal conversations.

- **Emails:**
- **Definition:** Written communication sent electronically.
 - **Advantages:**
- Provides a record of communication and is suitable for formal correspondence.

### 5. **Formal Communication**

Formal communication follows established protocols and is often used in professional or
organizational settings:

- **Characteristics:**
- Adheres to hierarchical structures.
- Utilizes official channels and formats.
- **Examples:** Business reports, official meetings, memos.
- **Advantages:**
- Ensures clarity and accountability.
- Maintains professionalism and organization.

### 6. **Informal Communication**

Informal communication occurs outside formal structures and is often more spontaneous:

- **Characteristics:**
- Casual and relaxed in tone.
- May not adhere to formal protocols.
- **Examples:** Casual conversations, social gatherings, and water cooler chats.
- **Advantages:**
- Fosters relationships and camaraderie.
- Encourages open and honest exchanges.

### 7. **Interpersonal Communication**

Interpersonal communication involves direct interaction between individuals. This can occur in
various forms, such as:

- **One-on-One Conversations:** Personal interactions that allow for detailed discussions.

- **Group Discussions:** Communication that takes place among a small group of people.

### 8. **Public Communication**

Public communication involves delivering messages to a larger audience. This includes:

- **Characteristics:**
- Often one-way communication from the speaker to the audience.
- **Examples:** Public speeches, presentations, and media broadcasts.
- **Advantages:**
- Can reach a large audience quickly.
- Useful for persuasive and informative purposes.

### 9. **Mass Communication**

 Mass communication is the process of transmitting messages to a large audience through various
media channels:

- **Characteristics:**
- Involves one-way communication.
- Utilizes channels that can reach a broad audience.
- **Examples:** Television, radio, newspapers, and online platforms.
- **Advantages:**
- Efficient for disseminating information to a wide audience.
- Shapes public opinion and cultural norms.

12) What is Grapevine? PPT

**Definition:** The grapevine is an informal communication network within an organization or

social group where information, rumors, and gossip are exchanged unofficially, often spreading
rapidly and sometimes inaccurately.

**Example:** An employee hears from a colleague that there will be upcoming layoffs in their
department, but the information has not been officially announced by management. This rumor
spreads among other employees through casual conversations, illustrating the grapevine in action.

13) Explain the types of non-verbal communication with examples. PPT

Sure! Here are the definitions for each term:

### Non-Verbal Communication

The transmission of messages or information without the use of words, encompassing various cues and
signals such as body language, facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, and tone of voice.

### Body Language

The physical movements and postures of an individual that convey messages and emotions.

### Facial Expressions

The configurations of facial muscles that communicate emotions and feelings.

### Gestures
Deliberate movements of the hands, arms, or other body parts used to convey messages.

### Eye Contact

The act of looking directly into another person’s eyes during communication to convey engagement and
interest.

### Tone of Voice

The vocal quality, pitch, volume, and emotional tone that accompany spoken words, conveying meaning
beyond the words themselves.

14) Compare/ Difference between- Inter & Intra personal communication PPT
15) Difference between Group & Mass communication PPT
16) Difference between Formal & Informal communication PPT
17) Difference between Vertical & Horizontal communication PPT
18) Difference between Upward & Downward communication PPT
19) Difference between Single Strand/ Gossip/ Probability/ Cluster. PPT
20) Difference between Verbal and Non-verbal communication PPT
21) Difference between Oral and Written communication PPT
Make sure to include examples and diagrams/flowcharts