CHAPTER 4
SPRING BOOT - API
1
Chapter 4: SPRING BOOT - API
OUTLINE
1. Spring Beans (Build beans vs User-defined beans)
2. Dependency Injection
3. Application Context
4. IoC Container (Inversion of Control)
5. Validation
6. Logging
7. Profiles
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What is Beans?
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What is Beans? (cont.)
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Spring Bean Life Cycle
Container Beans Dependencies Internal Spring Your Custom
started Instantiated Injected Processing Init Method
Bean is Ready for Use
.
.
.
Your Custom Container is Shutdown
Destroy Method (at a certain point)
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User Defined Spring Beans
1. @Controller, @Component, @Service, @Repository
2. @Bean, @Configuration
@Scope: singleton, prototype, request, session, global-session
Maven
Gradle implementation 'org.springframework:spring-context:6.2.0'
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User Defined Spring Beans
▪ The primary job of the ApplicationContext is to manage beans → application
must provide the bean configuration to the ApplicationContext container.
▪ Type of configurations:
• XML-Based Configuration: ClassPathXmlApplicationContext (xml file)
• Annotation-Based Configuration: AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
• Java-Based Configuration: GenericWebApplicationContext
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Configuring Beans in the Container
XML-Based Configuration – Setter Injection
src/main/resources/beans.xml
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Configuring Beans in the Container
XML-Based Configuration – Setter Injection – Object Injection
src/main/resources/beans.xml
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Configuring Beans in the Container
XML-Based Configuration – Setter Injection – Object Injection
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Configuring Beans in the Container
XML-Based Configuration – Collection Injection
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Configuring Beans in the Container
XML-Based Configuration – Literal Values Injection
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Spring’s Auto-wiring (cont.)
explicit
Can be omitted
Find bean with the id = “faculty”
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Spring’s Auto-wiring (cont.)
Find bean with the type “Faculty”
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Spring’s Auto-wiring (cont.)
Find bean with the type “Faculty”
but it looks for the class type of the constructor arguments
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Configuring Beans in the Container
Java-Based Configuration(cont.)
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Configuring Beans in the Container
Java-Based Configuration(cont.)
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Configuring Beans in the Container
Java-Based Configuration(cont.)
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Configuring Beans in the Container
Annotation-Based Configuration
Create the XML configuration, applicationContext.xml (src/main/resources) to
enable annotations:
You can also use @Configuration
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annotation with the same purpose
Configuring Beans in the Container
Annotation-Based Configuration (cont.)
<context:annotation-config/> only looks for annotations on beans in the
same application context in which it is defined.
You can also use @Configuration annotation with the same purpose
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(“fit.se.annotationbased")
public class AppConfig {
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@Autowired xml config
Field Constructor
Setter
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@Autowired Java-based config
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@Autowired Disambiguation
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@Autowired Disambiguation (cont.)
Error Caused by:
org.springframework.beans.fact
ory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionExcep
tion: No qualifying bean of type
'iuh.fit.se.autowired.disambigua
tion.
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Disambiguation solution: @Qualifier
When there are multiple beans of the same type → use @Qualifier to avoid
ambiguity.
Spring uses the bean's name as a default qualifier value.
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Disambiguation solution: @Primary
@Primary indicates that a particular bean should be given preference when
multiple beans are candidates to be autowired to a single-valued dependency. 26
Inject resources with @Value
@Configuration public class ClientBean {
@ComponentScan(”iuh.fit.se.resources") @Value("classpath:beans.xml")
@PropertySource("classpath:application.properties private Resource myResource;
")
public class AppConfig { @Value("${foo.permission}")
@Bean private String permission;
public ClientBean clientBean() {
return new ClientBean(); public void doSomething() throws IOException {
} File file = myResource.getFile();
} String s = new
String(Files.readAllBytes(file.toPath()));
public class Main { System.out.println(s);
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { System.out.println(permission);
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = }
new }
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);
ClientBean bean = context.getBean(ClientBean.class);
bean.doSomething();
}
} 27
Spring REST API
Ref: 4_Spring_REST_API_Tutorial
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Validation
https://jakarta.ee/learn/docs/jakartaee-tutorial/current/beanvalidation/bean-validation/bean-validation.html
https://jakarta.ee/learn/docs/jakartaee-tutorial/current/beanvalidation/bean-
validation/bean-validation.html
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Validation (cont.)
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Validation (cont.)
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Validation (cont.)
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Data Transfer Object - DTO
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What is Data Transfer Object?
▪ A data transfer object (DTO) is an object that carries data between
processes.
▪ It is particularly useful when you want to transfer data across different
layers of an application or over the network.
▪ DTOs normally are created as POJOs. They are flat data structures that
contain no business logic. They only contain storage, accessors and
eventually methods related to serialization or parsing.
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Data Transfer Object - Advantages
▪ Advantages
• Decouple business logic from the communication layer.
• Hide unnecessary data or protect sensitive information.
• Avoid multiple calls to the remote server.
• Prevent breaking changes in the API during updates of the application
model.
▪ Dis-advantages:
• Overhead: Can introduce additional layers of complexity.
• Requires mapping: Often requires conversion from and to POJOs or
entities.
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What is Data Transfer Object?
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Data Transfer Object - Example
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Data Transfer Object – Example (cont.)
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Logging
Ref: https://docs.spring.io/spring-
boot/reference/features/logging.html
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Logging
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Logging (cont.)
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Profiles
Ref: https://docs.spring.io/spring-
boot/reference/features/profiles.html
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Profiles
▪ Spring Profiles provide a way to segregate parts of your application
configuration and make it be available only in certain environments.
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Profiles
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Swagger
springdoc-openapi
Ref: https://springdoc.org
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Swagger – springdoc-openapi
application.properties
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Swagger – springdoc-openapi (cont.)
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Swagger – springdoc-openapi (cont.)
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Q&A
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