"A process of creating a new object from two or more objects in OOSAD is ___.

"

The correct answer is:

a. Aggregation

Explanation:

In Object-Oriented Systems Analysis and Design (OOSAD):

 Aggregation is a relationship where one object is made up of or contains other objects. It

allows for the creation of a complex object from simpler ones, which matches the idea of
creating a new object from two or more existing objects.
 Inheritance involves deriving a new class from an existing class, not necessarily
combining multiple objects.
 Abstraction is about hiding complex reality while exposing only the necessary parts.
 Polymorphism allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class rather than
their actual class.

"Which one of the following is a CSS background color Property?"

Options:
A. background-color
B. bgcolor
C. body.color
D. Color

✅ Correct answer: A. background-color

Explanation:

 background-color is the correct CSS property for setting the background color of an
element.
 bgcolor is an outdated HTML attribute.
 body.color is not a valid CSS syntax.
 Color (with uppercase "C") is incorrect due to case sensitivity in CSS; the correct
property for text color is color.

"Which of the following is not encompassing the principle of object model in OOSAD?"

Options:
A. Abstraction
B. Aggregation
C. Modularity
D. Program
✅ Correct answer: D. Program

Explanation:
Object-Oriented System Analysis and Design (OOSAD) principles typically include:

 Abstraction – focusing on essential qualities rather than specific characteristics.

 Aggregation – a relationship where one object contains another.
 Modularity – dividing a system into distinct components.

"Program" is not a principle of object-oriented design or modeling. It refers more to the

implementation level, not the design principle.

The items you've listed are common UI (User Interface) components used in Android
development. Here's a brief description of each:

i. Button

 A UI element that performs an action when clicked.

 Example: Submit, Login, Save.

ii. CheckBox

 Lets the user select one or more options from a set.

 Each option operates independently.

iii. RadioButton

 Allows the user to select one option from a group.

 Typically used within a RadioGroup.

iv. ProgressBar

 Shows the progress of an operation (e.g., file download).

 Can be determinate (shows actual progress) or indeterminate (spinning wheel).

v. RatingBar

 Lets users rate something using stars or other indicators.

 Often used in review or feedback systems.

vi. ImageView

 Used to display images from resources or URLs.

vii. ListView

 Displays a scrollable list of items.

 Each item is defined by an Adapter.

viii. Switch

 A two-state toggle switch used for turning settings on or off.

ChatGPT said:

Here's a simple explanation of the two terms:

i. Event Listeners

 An event listener is a procedure in JavaScript (or other programming languages) that waits for
an event to occur.
 It is used to register a function (the handler) to be executed when a specific event happens (like
a click, keypress, or mouse movement).
 You attach event listeners to elements using methods like addEventListener().

Example:

javascript
CopyEdit
document.getElementById("myButton").addEventListener("click", handleClick);

In this example, addEventListener is used to listen for the "click" event on the button.

ii. Event Handlers

 An event handler is the function that gets executed when the event occurs.
 It defines what should happen when the event is triggered.
 This function is either passed to the event listener or assigned directly to an event property like
onclick.

Example (handler function):

javascript
CopyEdit
function handleClick() {
alert("Button clicked!");
}
Summary:

Concept Description Example

Event Listener Waits for and listens to an event addEventListener("click", handler)

Event Handler Responds when the event occurs function handler() { ... }

Referring to the following code fragment, which one of the following statements is true representation
in PHP?
$host = 'localhost'; $username = 'your_username'; $password = 'your_password';
$database = 'your_database';

Options:

 a. It Chooses a Database Extension

 b. It Installs Database Drivers
 c. It terminate a connection
 d. Database connection parameters

✅ Correct Answer:

d. Database connection parameters

✔ Explanation:

The code snippet assigns values to variables that are commonly used for setting up a database
connection in PHP. These are:

 $host: the hostname of the database server

 $username: the database username
 $password: the password for the database
 $database: the name of the database

These are connection parameters and do not choose an extension, install drivers, or terminate a
connection.

Let me know if you need further explanation or help with other questions!

4o
You said:

ChatGPT said:

The question in the image asks:

Which one of the following can read the next instruction from memory into the processor?
Options:

 a. Interrupt
 b. Indirect
 c. Fetch
 d. Execute

✅ Correct Answer:

c. Fetch

✔ Explanation:

In the instruction cycle of a CPU, the fetch phase is responsible for reading the next instruction from
memory and bringing it into the processor. The basic stages of the instruction cycle are:

1. Fetch – Retrieve the next instruction from memory.

2. Decode – Interpret the instruction.
3. Execute – Carry out the instruction.
4. Store – Write back the result if needed.

So, "fetch" is the correct term that describes reading the next instruction from memory into the
processor.

Let me know if you'd like a deeper breakdown of the CPU instruction cycle!
 New chat

Today

Lung and Heart Development Direction Explained

Lung and Heart Development Direction Explained

Get App

My Profile

Lung and Heart Development Direction Explained

image.png

PNG 1.19MB

The correct answer is:

a. Proximodistal direction

Explanation:

The proximodistal direction of development refers to growth that starts at

the center of the body (proximal structures like the heart and lungs) and
moves outward toward the extremities (distal structures like hands, legs, and
fingers). This contrasts with the cephalocaudal direction (head-to-tail
development), which describes growth from the head downward to the rest
of the body.

Since the question specifies that the heart and lungs develop before the
hands and fingers, it aligns with the proximodistal pattern.

 Cephalocaudal (b): Incorrect, as this refers to head-to-tail development

(e.g., brain developing before lower body).
 Locomotion (c) and Immobility (d): Irrelevant distractors.

image.png

PNG 966.89KB

The correct answer is:

d. .gif

Explanation:

 .mov (a): A video file format developed by Apple for QuickTime.

 .mpeg (b): A standard video file format for compressed motion video (e.g.,
MPEG-1, MPEG-4).

 .avi (c): A multimedia container format for video and audio developed by
Microsoft.

 .gif (d): Not primarily a video format. GIFs are image files that support
short animations but lack audio and advanced video features (e.g.,
compression, frames per second control).

Thus, .gif is the correct choice as it is an image format with animation

capabilities, not a dedicated video format.

image.png

PNG 1.29MB

The correct answer is:

c. Pseudocode

Explanation:
 Pseudocode is a high-level, human-readable description of a program's
logic. It uses plain language and simple syntax to outline steps without
adhering to strict programming rules.

 Flowchart (b): A graphical tool for representing logic using symbols/shapes,

but it is not as high-level as pseudocode.

 Structured Chart (a): A diagram showing program modules and their

hierarchy, not logic representation.

 Inheritance (d): An OOP concept unrelated to logic representation.

The question emphasizes a high-level tool for logic representation,

making pseudocode the best choice.

(Note: The correct spelling is "pseudocode," not "pseuducode" as in the

option.)

image.png

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The correct answer is:

d. Code Division Multiplexing (CDM)

Explanation:

 Phase Shift Keying (PSK) (a): A digital modulation technique that changes
the phase of the carrier signal to represent data.

 Amplitude Modulation (AM) (b): An analog modulation technique that

varies the amplitude of the carrier signal.

 Frequency Modulation (FM) (c): An analog modulation technique that

varies the frequency of the carrier signal.
 Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) (d): Not a modulation technique.
CDM is a multiplexing method that allows multiple signals to share the same
channel using unique codes, not a way to modulate a carrier signal.

Thus, CDM is the correct choice as it belongs to multiplexing, not

modulation.

image.png

PNG 1.57MB

The correct answer is:

a. Display an output prompt that explains the answer as the

Product.

Explanation:

The question asks for the incorrect step in a pseudocode program designed
to accept two integers and display their sum.

 Option a is incorrect because it refers to the output as the "Product" (which

implies multiplication), while the task requires displaying the sum.

 The other options are correct steps for this pseudocode:

o b. Display the result (of the sum).

o c. Prompt the user to enter the two integers (necessary for input).

o d. Compute the sum of the two inputs (core logic).

Thus, a is the wrong step due to the mismatch between "Product" and the
required summation task.

image.png

PNG 1.05MB
 The correct answer is:

d. Server Manager

Explanation:

 Server Manager is a feature introduced in Windows Server 2012 that allows

administrators to manage multiple servers from a single console. It
provides a unified dashboard for server monitoring, configuration, and
maintenance.

 Hyper-V (a): A virtualization platform, not a management console.

 Remote Desktop Services (b): Enables remote access to

desktops/applications, not server management.

 Windows PowerShell (c): A scripting tool for automation, not a graphical

multi-server management tool.

Thus, Server Manager is the correct choice for centralized server

administration.

image.png

PNG 971.25KB

The correct answer is:

a. Planning → Implementation → Pilot-testing → Evaluation →

Dissemination

Explanation:

The logical sequence for curriculum preparation is:

1. Planning: Define objectives, content, and methods.

2. Implementation: Execute the curriculum in a controlled setting.

3. Pilot-testing: Trial the curriculum with a small group to identify issues.

4. Evaluation: Assess effectiveness and make improvements.

5. Dissemination: Roll out the finalized curriculum widely.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

 b and c place Dissemination before Evaluation, which is premature.

 d reverses the entire process (Evaluation cannot come first).

Thus, a is the only correct order.

image.png

PNG 1.17MB

The correct answer is:

None of the provided options (a, b, c, or d) are syntactically correct

for a structure in C++.

Explanation:

The correct syntax for a structure in C++ is:

cpp

Copy

Download

struct struct_name {
datatype variable;
// Additional members...
};
 Issues with the Given Options:

1. All options use invalid symbols (| and !) instead of proper C++ syntax.

2. The correct format requires:

o datatype followed by variable (e.g., int x;).

o Semicolons (;) to terminate member declarations.

o No pipes (|) or exclamation marks (!).

Example of Valid Syntax:

cpp

Copy

Download

struct Student {
int id;
string name;
};

Conclusion:

Since all options contain nonsensical symbols ( |, !), none are valid. The
question likely has typographical errors. If forced to choose, the
structure closest to correctness would follow the order datatype
variable; (but none match this).

Recommendation: Verify the question for typos or consult additional

resources for clarity.

image.png

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The correct answer is:

 b. Multiprogramming

Explanation:

 Multiprogramming refers to a system where multiple programs reside

in memory simultaneously, allowing the CPU to switch between them to
maximize utilization (e.g., when one program waits for I/O, another runs).

 Multitasking (c): A related concept but specifically refers to concurrent

execution of tasks (often on a single-user system).

 Real-time system (a): Prioritizes immediate response to inputs, not

necessarily multiple programs in memory.

 Batch system (d): Executes jobs sequentially without interactive user

input.

Key Difference:

 Multiprogramming focuses on memory residency of multiple programs.

 Multitasking focuses on CPU time-sharing between tasks.

Thus, b is the most accurate answer for the question’s context.

image.png

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The correct answer is:

d. Searching

Explanation:

 Searching is the process of finding a specific element within a list or

collection of items.
 Linked list (a): A data structure, not a process.

 Sorting (b): Arranging items in order, not finding a specific element.

 Quick search (c): A type of search algorithm (e.g., binary search), but the
general term is simply "searching."

Thus, d. Searching is the correct and most inclusive answer.

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The correct answer is:

c. Relational Model

Explanation:

 Relational Model: Organizes data into tables (relations) with rows

(tuples) and columns (attributes). This is the standard structure for most
modern databases (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL).

 Network Model (a): Uses graph-like structures with records linked via
pointers, not tables.

 Hierarchical Model (b): Arranges data in a tree-like structure (parent-child

relationships), not rows/columns.

 Object-Oriented Model (d): Stores data as objects (similar to OOP), not

tabular formats.

Key Feature:

The question explicitly mentions "tables with rows and columns," which is
the hallmark of the Relational Model.
 Thus, c is the correct choice.

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The question appears to be incomplete or fragmented, but based on the

visible options and context, it seems to relate to key concepts in
programming or software design. Here’s a possible interpretation and
answer:

Likely Question:

Which of the following is a fundamental principle of software design

or programming?

Correct Answer:

C. Modularity

Explanation:

 Modularity is a core principle of software design that involves breaking a

program into smaller, independent, and reusable components (modules).

 Abstraction (A): Also important, but the question might focus on structural
design.

 Aggregation (B): A specific OOP concept (a "has-a" relationship), less

central than modularity.

 Program (D): Too generic; not a principle.

 If the question is about software design principles, Modularity (C) is the
strongest choice.

(Note: The question lacks clarity. Verify the full context for accuracy.)

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The question appears to be incomplete, but based on the options provided

(Encoder, Half Adder, Full Adder, Decoder), it likely relates to digital logic
circuits in computer architecture or electronics. Here’s a general
explanation of each option to help determine the correct answer:

Possible Question (Inferred):

Which of the following is a combinational logic circuit that adds two

single-bit binary numbers and produces a sum and carry output?

Correct Answer:

B. Half Adder

Explanation of Options:

1. Half Adder (B):

o Adds two 1-bit binary numbers and outputs a sum and carry.

o Example: 1 + 1 = 10 (sum = 0, carry = 1).

2. Full Adder (C):

o Adds three 1-bit numbers (includes a carry-in from a previous addition).

3. Encoder (A):
o Converts multiple inputs (e.g., 2ⁿ) into an n-bit binary code.

4. Decoder (D):
o Performs the reverse of an encoder (converts n-bit input to 2ⁿ outputs).

Why Half Adder?

If the question is about adding two single-bit numbers, the Half Adder is
the simplest correct choice.

Note: Without the full question text, this is an educated guess. If the
question is different (e.g., about adding with carry-in or code conversion),
the answer may vary. For example:

 Full Adder (C) would be correct if the question involves a carry-in bit.

 Decoder (D) would be correct if the question is about converting binary

inputs to specific outputs.

For the most accurate answer, please provide the complete question.

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PNG 737.98KB

The correct answer is:

c. Full Adder

(Note: Option "c" is labeled "All-Alder" in the question, which appears to be a

typographical error for "Full Adder.")

Explanation:
 A Full Adder is a combinational logic circuit that:

 Takes three inputs: Two single-bit binary numbers (A, B) and a carry-in
(C_in).

 Produces two outputs: A sum (S) and a carry-out (C_out).

Why Not Other Options?

 Encoder (a): Typically has multiple inputs (e.g., 2ⁿ) and fewer outputs (n
bits), not 3 inputs.

 Half Adder (b): Only supports two inputs (A, B) and two outputs
(Sum, Carry).

 Decoder (d): Converts n-bit input to 2ⁿ outputs (e.g., 2-to-4 decoder),

unrelated to addition.

Key Point:

The question describes a 3-input, 2-output circuit for binary addition,

which matches a Full Adder. The term "All-Alder" is likely a misspelling of
"Full Adder."

If "All-Alder" is not a typo, the question may be invalid. However, based on

standard logic circuits, Full Adder is the correct concept.

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The correct answer is:

c. Modularity

Explanation:
 The question appears to ask about fundamental principles in software
engineering or programming. Here’s why Modularity is the best choice:

1. Modularity (c):
o Refers to dividing a program into independent, reusable modules
(components).

o A core principle for maintainable and scalable software design.

2. Other Options:
o Abstraction (a): Focuses on hiding complexity (e.g., functions, classes) but
doesn’t inherently imply structure.

o Aggregation (b): An OOP concept where objects contain other objects

("has-a" relationship).

o Program (d): Too generic; not a design principle.

Context Clues:

 The question likely targets software design principles (common in IT

exams).

 Modularity is a broader and more universally applicable concept than

aggregation or abstraction in this context.

Note: If the question specifies a different focus (e.g., OOP relationships), the
answer might shift to Aggregation (b). However, without further
context, Modularity is the safest choice.

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The correct answer is:

 c. Model

Explanation:

In the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture (a common pattern in

software development):

1. Model (c):
o Represents the core functionality and data logic of the application.

o Handles data storage, retrieval, and business rules (e.g., database

interactions, calculations).

2. Other Layers:
o View (a): Handles the UI/presentation (how data is displayed).

o Controller (d): Manages user input and mediates between Model and
View.

o Client-server (b): A network architecture, not an MVC layer.

Key Point:

The question asks for the layer that represents the main functionality,
which is the Model. The View and Controller support the Model but do not
define the core logic.

Note: If the context is not MVC, the answer may vary, but based on standard
terminology, Model is correct.

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The correct answer is:

D. Monitor resolution
 Explanation:

To install Windows Server 2012, the critical hardware requirements are:

1. Processor speed (A): Minimum 1.4 GHz 64-bit CPU.

2. Hard disk space (C): Minimum 32 GB of free space.

3. RAM memory (D): Minimum 512 MB (though 2+ GB is recommended).

Monitor resolution (B) is not a requirement because:

 Servers are often managed remotely (e.g., via SSH, Remote Desktop) or
headlessly (no monitor).

 GUI-based tasks can be performed at low resolutions (800x600), but this is

not enforced during installation.

Why Other Options Are Requirements:

 A, C, D are mandatory for the OS to function.

 B is user-configurable and irrelevant to installation.

Note: The question has a duplicate option label (two "D"s). Assuming the
second "D" is a typo, Monitor resolution (B) is the correct non-
requirement.

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The correct answer is:

d. Inheritance

Explanation:
 The scenario describes a hierarchical classification where:

 Red Delicious Apple → Apple → Fruit → Food (likely a typo in "coal").

This is a classic example of Inheritance in OOP because:

 Child classes (e.g., RedDeliciousApple) inherit properties/methods

from parent classes (Apple, Fruit, Food).

 It models an "is-a" relationship (e.g., a red delicious apple is a type of

apple).

Why Not Other Options?

 Encapsulation (a): Bundling data/methods within a class (not hierarchy).

 Class (b): A blueprint for objects, but doesn’t explain the hierarchy.

 Object (c): An instance of a class, unrelated to the classification chain.

Key Point:

The question emphasizes hierarchical relationships, which are defined

by Inheritance.

(Note: "GOP" is likely a typo for "OOP," and "coal" might mean "food.")

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It seems like the image content is incomplete or unclear. The text

"Information Technology" and "ThmMission" doesn't provide enough context
to determine the question or topic.

Possible Next Steps:

1. Verify the Image: Ensure the full question or details are visible.
2. Rephrase the Query: If you remember the question, describe it in your own
words.

3. Check for Typos: If "ThmMission" is a typo (e.g., "Transmission" or

"TheMission"), clarify.

If you’re asking about a specific IT concept (e.g., networking, programming,

databases), please provide more details so I can assist accurately!

Example:

 Is this about a specific exam question?

 Are you referring to a technology term like "Transmission" or "Thread

Mission"?

Let me know how I can help!

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The correct answer is:

c. DNS

Explanation:

The question describes an application layer protocol that:

1. Provides responses with unique names (e.g., domain names

like example.com).

2. Resolves requests to specific servers over the internet (e.g.,

translating domain names to IP addresses).

DNS (Domain Name System) fits this because:

 It maps human-readable domain names (e.g., google.com) to machine-
readable IP addresses (e.g., 8.8.8.8).

 It operates at the application layer (Layer 7 of the OSI model).

Why Not Other Options?

 HTTP (a): Transfers web content (e.g., HTML pages) but doesn’t resolve
names.

 FTP (b): Transfers files between client and server, unrelated to name
resolution.

 DHCP (d): Assigns IP addresses dynamically, but doesn’t handle domain

names.

Key Point:

DNS is the only protocol here that associates unique names (domain
names) with servers’ IP addresses.

Note: The question phrasing is unclear, but DNS is the best match based on
standard networking knowledge.

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It appears the image contains fragmented or unclear text, making it difficult

to determine the exact question or context. Here’s how I can assist:

Possible Interpretations:

1. If this is an exam question:

o The terms might be typos (e.g., "Gunnathan" → "GUI Navigation" or
"Gunnar’s Method").

o "ThmMission" could be a placeholder or mislabeling (e.g., "Transmission,"

"Thread Mission," or "Thermal Mission").

2. If you’re referring to IT concepts:

o GUI Navigation: Tools for user interface design.

o Transmission: Data transfer protocols (e.g., TCP/IP).

o Thermal Management: Hardware cooling solutions.

How to Proceed:

 Option 1: Provide more context or the full question text.

 Option 2: Clarify if you’re asking about:

o A specific technology (e.g., DNS, HTTP).

o A programming concept (e.g., OOP, networking).

o An exam topic (e.g., software engineering, hardware).

Let me know, and I’ll gladly help!

Example:

 Is this about network protocols like DNS or HTTP?

 Are you referring to a software development method?

image.png
 PNG 813.39KB

The correct answer is:

A. Demand Paging

Explanation:

Demand Paging is a virtual memory technique where:

 Pages (blocks of memory) are loaded into RAM only when needed (e.g.,
upon a page fault).

 This optimizes memory usage by avoiding loading unused pages.

Why Not Other Options?

 B. Page Replacement: A strategy to swap out pages when RAM is full (e.g.,
LRU, FIFO), not the loading mechanism itself.

 C. Page Exact: Not a standard term in virtual memory.

 D. Page Table: A data structure tracking page-to-frame mappings, not a

loading method.

Key Point:

The question describes lazy loading of pages, which is the core idea
of Demand Paging.

(Note: "Mutea failed" and "T day bunches" appear to be typos/placeholders.)

image.png

PNG 1.27MB

The correct answer is:

d. Man-in-the-Middle Attacks
 Explanation:

A Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) Attack occurs when an attacker secretly

intercepts and potentially alters communications between two parties who
believe they are directly communicating. Examples include:

 Eavesdropping on unsecured Wi-Fi.

 Tampering with data transfers (e.g., altering messages in transit).

Why Not Other Options?

 a. Spoofing Attacks: Impersonating a device/user (e.g., fake email sender),

but not necessarily intercepting communication.

 b. Shopping attacks: Likely a typo (irrelevant or possibly "Sniffing attacks,"

which are passive interception).

 c. Backdoor Attacks: Exploiting hidden vulnerabilities to bypass security,

unrelated to interception.

Key Point:

The question describes active interception and alteration of

communication, which defines MITM attacks.

(Note: "Man-fin-the-Middle" is a typo for "Man-in-the-Middle.")

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The correct answer is:

a. Data inconsistency

Explanation:
 When P1 is interrupted while updating shared data, and P2 reads
the partially modified data, this leads to:

 Data inconsistency: P2 reads an incorrect or intermediate state of the data

(e.g., half-updated values).

 This violates the atomicity principle (operations should complete fully or not
at all).

Why Not Other Options?

 b. Data integrity: Refers to maintaining accurate/consistent data over its

lifecycle (not the issue here).

 c. Data override: Implies P2 overwrites P1’s data, but the problem

is reading corrupted data.

 d. Process synchronization: A solution (e.g., mutex locks), not the

problem itself.

Key Point:

The scenario describes a race condition, where unsynchronized access

causes inconsistent data.

(Note: The symbol ___↑___ in the question likely represents the problem’s
outcome.)

image.png

PNG 2.26MB

The correct answer is:

a. Aggregation

Explanation:
 Aggregation is a process in Object-Oriented Systems Analysis and Design
(OOSAD) where a new object is created by combining two or more
existing objects. It represents a "has-a" or "whole-part" relationship (e.g.,
a Car object composed of Engine and Wheel objects).

Why Not Other Options?

 b. Inheritance: Creates a new class (not object) by deriving from an

existing class ("is-a" relationship).

 c. Abstraction: Hides complex details and shows only essential features

(not object creation).

 d. Polymorphism: Allows methods to behave differently based on the

object type (unrelated to combining objects).

Key Point:

The question explicitly describes combining objects, which is the definition

of aggregation.

(Note: "OOSAD" refers to Object-Oriented Systems Analysis and Design.)

image.png

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The correct answer is:

d. 10100000

Explanation:

To convert the decimal number 160 to binary:

1. Divide by 2 and track remainders:

Copy
 Download

160 ÷ 2 = 80 (remainder 0)
80 ÷ 2 = 40 (remainder 0)
40 ÷ 2 = 20 (remainder 0)
20 ÷ 2 = 10 (remainder 0)
10 ÷ 2 = 5 (remainder 0)
5 ÷ 2 = 2 (remainder 1)
2 ÷ 2 = 1 (remainder 0)
1 ÷ 2 = 0 (remainder 1)

2. Read remainders backward: 10100000 (from last to first).

Verification:

 Binary 10100000 to decimal:

1×27+0×26+1×25+0×24+0×23+0×22+0×21+0×20=128+32=1601×27+0×26+1×
25+0×24+0×23+0×22+0×21+0×20=128+32=160.

Why Not Other Options?

 a. 11101000 = 232

 b. 01101101 = 109

 c. 10110111 = 183

Thus, d. 10100000 is the correct binary equivalent of 160.

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The correct answer is:

c. It Checks a connection

Explanation:

The PHP code fragment:

php
 Copy

Download

if (!$conn) { die("Connection failed: " . mysql_connect_error()); }

 Checks if the connection ($conn) is invalid (using !$conn).

 If the connection fails, it terminates the script (die) and displays an error
message with mysql_connect_error().

Why Not Other Options?

 a. It Creates a connection: Incorrect. The code checks an existing

connection ($conn), but doesn’t create it (that would require mysql_connect()).

 b. It Chooses a Database Extension: Irrelevant. This would

involve mysql_select_db(), not connection checks.

 d. It checks Database connection parameters: Incorrect. The code

validates the connection object, not its parameters (e.g., hostname,
username).

Key Point:

The if (!$conn) statement explicitly tests the connection status,

making c the only correct choice.

(Note: mysql_connect_error() is deprecated in modern PHP;

use mysqli or PDO instead.)

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The correct answer is:

a. Write the program, compile the source code, link the program,
and run it.
 Explanation of the C++ Development Cycle:

1. Write the program: Create the source code (e.g., .cpp files).

2. Compile the source code: Convert the human-readable code into machine-
readable object files (e.g., .o or .obj).
o Compiler checks syntax and generates object code.

3. Link the program: Combine object files and libraries into an executable
(e.g., .exe or .out).
o Linker resolves dependencies (e.g., external functions).

4. Run it: Execute the compiled and linked program.

Why Not Other Options?

 b: Incorrect because linking happens after compilation, not before running.

 c: Nonsensical sequence (cannot link or run before writing/compiling).

 d: Misses the first step (writing the program). Also, "Compile" is misspelled
("Compile").

Key Point:

The standard sequence is write → compile → link → run. Option a is the

only correct order.

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The correct answer is:

c. Fetch

Explanation:
 The Fetch phase of the CPU instruction cycle is responsible for:

1. Retrieving the next instruction from memory (RAM).

2. Loading it into the processor's instruction register for decoding.

Why Not Other Options?

 a. Interrupt: A signal to pause the current process, not related to reading

instructions.

 b. Indirect: A memory addressing mode, not a step in the instruction cycle.

 d. Execute: The phase where the CPU performs the fetched instruction
(comes after fetching).

Key Point:

The question describes the fetch-decode-execute cycle, where "fetch" is

the step that reads instructions from memory.

Fun Fact: This is part of the Von Neumann architecture, where the CPU
continuously fetches, decodes, and executes instructions. 🚀

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The correct answer is:

b. 14

Explanation:

Let's break down the code execution step-by-step:

1. Initialization:
o sum = 1

o Loop starts with i = 7.

2. First Iteration (i = 7):

o Condition i > 5 is true.

o sum += i → sum = 1 + 7 = 8.

o i-- decrements i to 6.

3. Second Iteration (i = 6):

o Condition i > 5 is true.

o sum += i → sum = 8 + 6 = 14.

o i-- decrements i to 5.

4. Termination:
o Condition i > 5 is now false (i = 5).

o Loop exits.

Final value of sum is 14.

Why Not Other Options?

 a. 16: Incorrect (would require an extra iteration).

 c. 19: Incorrect (far exceeds the actual sum).

 d. 11: Incorrect (misses the second iteration).

 Tip: Always trace loops manually for small iterations to avoid mistakes!
Fun Fact: This is a classic example of a countdown loop in C++. 🚀

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The correct answer is:

d. Multiprogramming

Explanation:

Multiprogramming refers to a system where:

 Multiple programs reside in memory simultaneously.

 The CPU switches between them to maximize utilization (e.g., when one
program waits for I/O, another runs).

Why Not Other Options?

 a. Real-time system: Prioritizes immediate task completion (e.g., flight

control), not necessarily multiple programs in memory.

 b. Batch system: Runs jobs sequentially without interactive input (no

simultaneous residency).

 c. Multitasking: A subset of multiprogramming focused on concurrent

execution (often on single-user systems).

Key Difference:

 Multiprogramming: About memory residency (1960s mainframes).

 Multitasking: About CPU time-sharing (modern OSes like Windows/Linux).

The question emphasizes memory residency, making d the best answer.

 Fun Fact: Multiprogramming was revolutionary in early computing to reduce
CPU idle time! 🕰️

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PNG 1.53MB

The correct answer is:

b. O(n)

Explanation:

 Linear asymptotic notation describes an algorithm's time/space

complexity that grows proportionally with input size (n).

 O(n): Represents linear complexity (e.g., iterating through an array once).

Why Not Other Options?

 a. O(n log n): Linearithmic (e.g., efficient sorting algorithms like Merge
Sort).

 c. O(1): Constant time (no growth with input size).

 d. O(log n): Logarithmic (e.g., binary search).

Key Point:

Only O(n) fits the definition of linear growth.

(Note: The question uses lowercase "o" (little-o), but standard notation is
uppercase "O" (Big-O) for asymptotic bounds. Little-o denotes a stricter
upper bound, but the context implies Big-O.)
 Fun Fact: Linear complexity is common in simple loops or list traversals! 🔄

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The correct answer is:

c. It does not provide an environment with which other programs

can do useful work.

Explanation:

This statement is false because:

 A core function of an OS is to provide an environment (e.g., via APIs,

system calls) for applications to run and interact with hardware.

Why Other Options Are True:

 a. Correct: The OS bridges user/hardware (e.g., GUI, command line).

 b. Correct: The OS manages application execution (e.g., process scheduling).

 d. Correct: The OS coordinates hardware access (e.g., memory, CPU

allocation).

Key Point:

Option c contradicts the fundamental role of an OS.

 Fun Fact: Without an OS, every program would need to handle hardware
directly—imagine coding a printer driver for every app! 🖨️

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The correct answer is:

d. Name resolution from website name into corresponding server IP

address.

Explanation:

The Domain Name System (DNS) plays the following critical role:

1. Translates human-readable domain names (e.g., fdretvt.edu.et)

into machine-readable IP addresses (e.g., 192.0.2.1).

2. Allows clients (users) to access the website by typing a URL instead of

memorizing numerical IP addresses.

Why Not Other Options?

 a. FTP server: DNS resolves domain names, not FTP-specific services.

 b. Private IP address: DNS resolves public domain names, not private IPs
(NAT handles private IPs).

 c. DHCP server: DHCP assigns IP addresses dynamically; DNS has no role in

locating DHCP servers.

Key Point:

DNS is the phonebook of the internet, enabling users to find websites by

name.
Example:
When you type fdretvt.edu.et, DNS resolves it to the web server’s IP
(e.g., 192.0.2.1), allowing your browser to connect. 🌐

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