Python Full Roadmap Notes (Detailed)
1. Introduction to Python
Python is an interpreted, high-level, dynamically typed programming language created by
Guido van Rossum. It emphasizes code readability and allows programmers to express
concepts in fewer lines of code. Python supports multiple programming paradigms,
including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming. It is widely used in web
development, data science, artificial intelligence, scripting, and automation.
Code Example:
print("Welcome to Python!")
# This prints a greeting message to the console.
2. Python Installation and Setup
To install Python, go to the official website https://www.python.org/ and download the
installer for your OS. Make sure to check the option 'Add Python to PATH' during
installation. You can write and run Python code using IDEs like PyCharm, VS Code, Jupyter
Notebook, or the built-in IDLE.
Code Example:
python --version
# This command checks the installed Python version.
3. Python Syntax and Variables
Python uses indentation instead of braces to define code blocks. Variables in Python are
dynamically typed, meaning their data type is inferred at runtime. There is no need to
declare variables explicitly. Variable names should be descriptive and follow naming
conventions.
Code Example:
name = "Alice"
age = 30
print("Name:", name)
print("Age:", age)
4. Data Types and Type Casting
Python has several built-in data types including integers (int), floating point numbers
(float), strings (str), booleans (bool), lists, tuples, sets, and dictionaries. Type casting can be
done using functions like int(), float(), str(), and bool().
Code Example:
x = 42
print(type(x))
y = str(x)
print(type(y))
5. Operators
Python supports various operators:
- Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, %, //, **
- Comparison: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=
- Logical: and, or, not
- Bitwise: &, |, ^, ~, <<, >>
- Assignment: =, +=, -=, *=, /=, etc.
- Membership: in, not in
- Identity: is, is not
Code Example:
a = 10
b=3
print(a + b)
print(a > b)
print(a is not b)