DIGITAL LOGIC DESIGN

WATER LEVEL DETECTION

Prepared by: Roll No

Fakhar Mazhar f23-bsciet-032

Husnain Awan f23-bsciet-031

Abdul Wahab f23-bsciet-038

Submitted To: Engr.Sharoze Sohail

 Project Report

Design of Water level Detection

Objective:

 Design a water level monitoring system using digital electronics.

 Indicate water levels in a tank with a 7-segment display.
 Utilize a 555 timer circuit to signal critical water levels using LEDs.
 Provide real-time feedback on water tank status for effective management.

Introduction:
Water is a vital resource, and managing its usage efficiently is essential, especially in households,
industries, and agricultural systems. This project focuses on monitoring water levels in a tank to
prevent overflow and dry running of water pumps. The circuit employs sensors to detect water levels
and visual indicators like a 7-segment display and LEDs to convey the water level status.
Additionally, a 555 timer circuit is integrated for generating alerts. This system ensures effective
water management and reduces wastage.

Discussion:
The water tank level monitoring system is designed using digital logic circuits and analog
components. Water level sensors detect the presence or absence of water at specific levels in the tank.
These sensor signals are encoded into binary format using a priority encoder (74HC147). The binary
data is further processed and decoded by a BCD-to-7-segment decoder (4511) to drive the 7-segment
display, showing the water level in numeric form.

A NOT gate (74HC04) is used for signal inversion, and the 555 timer IC is configured in astable
mode to generate an audio-visual alert when the water tank is full or empty. An LED indicator (bi-
color LED) is employed to display the status of the tank: green for safe levels and red for alert
conditions. Power for the circuit is supplied using a 5V regulated source.

These components are used to build a Water Level Detection.

List of Components:

Sr. Name Specification Quantity Image

1. Priority Encoder SN74LS147N 1

2. NOT Gate HD74LS04P 1

3. Capacitor 470uF,0.1uF 1,2

4. Voltage Regulator L7805CV 1

5. BCD-7-Segment CD4511BE 1
Decoder/Driver

6. LED - 1

7. Resistor 100 ohm, 1,1,9

220ohm,
560k ohm

8. Timer IC NE555P 1
9. 7-segment display Common cathode 1

10. Bread Board 2

11. DC power source (Battery or adapter) 1

12. Connecting wires - -

Proteus software:
Proteus is a software that helps you design and test electronic
circuits on your computer. It's like a virtual lab where you can
create circuit diagrams, simulate how they work, and even
design printed circuit boards (PCBs) for making real-world
prototypes. It's commonly used by students, hobbyists, and
professionals to learn, experiment, and develop new electronic
projects without needing physical components initially.

Proteus circuit:

Launch the Proteus software on your computer to begin the circuit design process.

Design the Water Tank Section

1. Add a rectangular shape or a box to represent the water tank.

2. Place virtual switches or water level sensors at various levels in the tank to detect water levels.

Add the Digital Decoder Circuit

 1. Place the 74HC147 (4-to-10 Priority Encoder) to convert water level sensor inputs into a
BCD code.
2. Connect the outputs of the sensors to the encoder inputs (A0–A9).
3. Use resistors for proper logic levels.

Add Inverters

1. Use the 74HC04 Hex Inverter to invert the BCD signals if required, ensuring compatibility
with the subsequent ICs.

Connect the BCD to 7-Segment Driver

1. Add a 4511 BCD to 7-Segment Decoder IC.

2. Connect the BCD output from the encoder or inverters to the inputs of the 4511 decoder (A, B,
C, D).
3. Connect the outputs of the 4511 IC (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) to the 7-segment display.
 Design the Pulse

1. Add a 555 timer IC in astable or monostable mode to generate a pulse for the alarm.
2. Connect the output of the timer to an LED (or buzzer) to act as an pulse..
3. Use a NOT gate to trigger the when the tank reaches a critical level.

Time Duration Equation for Monostable Mode:

The duration of the HIGH pulse is calculated using the formula:

T=1.1 * R * C
R=30kΩ=30,000Ω,
C1=470 µF=470×10^-6F
T=1.1 * 30,000 * 470×10^−6
T=15.51seconds
So, the LED remains ON for approximately 15 seconds
Trigger Signal: When the trigger pin (TR) is momentarily pulled LOW (active LOW signal from Level 2),
the 555 timer output (pin 3) goes HIGH.
Timing Cycle: The output stays HIGH for 15 seconds, during which the LED connected to pin 3 lights up.
Reset Condition: After 15 seconds, the timer automatically resets, and the output goes LOW, turning the
LED OFF.

Power Supply

1. Add a 5V power supply (B2) to power the circuit.

2. Ensure all ICs and components are connected to the power supply.

Simulation Setup

1. Connect all components and wires to complete the circuit as shown in the schematic.
2. Verify that all connections are correct and no wires are left floating.

Run the Simulation

1. Click the simulation button in Proteus to observe the working of the water level indicator.
2. Toggle the water level switches to test the response of the display and alarm system.

Verification

1. Ensure the 7-segment display correctly shows the water level.

2. Confirm the LED activates when the water level reaches the critical threshold.
 BreadBoard:

Breadboard Connection Procedure for Water Level Indicator System

Follow these steps to build the water level indicator circuit on a breadboard:

1. Insert ICs into the Breadboard:

 Place the 74HC147, 74HC04, 4511, and 555 Timer IC onto the breadboard, leaving some
space between them.
 Ensure that each IC's pins are properly aligned with separate rows on the breadboard.

2. Connect Power and Ground:

 Connect the power (VCC) and ground (GND) pins of all ICs to their respective rails.
 Double-check the datasheets for correct pin connections for each IC.

3. Connect Water Level Sensors:

 Use wires to represent water levels.

 Connect the wires to the input pins (A0–A9) of the 74HC147 Priority Encoder IC.
 Use resistors (560kΩ) to ensure stable logic levels.

4. BCD Conversion with Priority Encoder:

 Connect the BCD outputs (Y0–Y3) of the 74HC147 to the inputs (A, B, C, D) of the 4511
Decoder IC via the 74HC04 Inverter (if inversion is needed).

5. Connect the 7-Segment Display

 Attach the outputs (a–g) of the 4511 Decoder IC to the corresponding pins of the 7-segment
display.
 Use 100Ω resistors in series with each segment to limit current.

6. Add the Alarm System

Wire the 555 Timer IC in monostable mode:

 o Connect a 30kΩ resistor and a 470µF capacitor to set the timing interval. This will
give 15 sec time interval after the time interval it will reset.

o Use the trigger pin (Pin 2) to receive signals from the critical water level sensor.

 Connect the output pin (Pin 3) to the LED via a 220Ω resistor

7. Configure the Alarm Trigger

 Connect the critical water level sensor to the NOT gate (U6) input.
 Connect the output of the NOT gate to the 555 Timer's trigger pin (Pin 2).

8. Test Connections

 Check all connections to ensure no wires are loose or shorted.

 Verify that power and ground connections are correctly placed.

9. Power On and Test

 Connect the 9V Battery to the breadboard.

 Simulate different water levels by pressing the sensor buttons or toggling jumper wires.
 Observe:

o The 7-segment display shows the correct water level.

o The LED activates when the tank reaches the critical level.
o The green LED will turn off when water levels are safe before the th time interval.
o Otherwise if water level up in 15 sec but not at top level the LED automatically turn
off.
RESULT:
The water level indicator system was successfully designed and implemented. The 7-segment display
accurately displayed the current water level in the tank . Each level in the tank was represented by a
corresponding numerical value on the display. The alarm system, consisting of a 555 timer and LEDs,
functioned effectively, activating a LED when the water reached a critical level to alert users and
prevent overflow, providing a clear visual indication of the tank's status. The system responded in
real time to changes in water levels, ensuring reliable and accurate monitoring. All components,
including the priority encoder, BCD to 7-segment decoder, and 555 timer, worked seamlessly
without errors. This project successfully achieved its objectives by demonstrating a cost-effective
and practical water level monitoring and alert system for household or industrial applications.
LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Through the successful completion of this project, we gained practical knowledge of designing and
implementing a water level monitoring system using digital electronics. We learned how to utilize
various ICs such as the 74HC147 Priority Encoder, 4511 BCD to 7-Segment Decoder, 74HC04
Inverter, and 555 Timer to build a functional system. This project enhanced our understanding of
integrating sensors to detect water levels and controlling a 7-segment display to visually represent
numerical outputs. Additionally, we developed skills in designing an alarm system using the 555
Timer IC, LEDs, to indicate critical water levels effectively. Working with Proteus Design Suite
provided us with hands-on experience in circuit simulation and testing, while troubleshooting wiring
and logic errors improved our problem-solving skills. This project bridged the gap between
theoretical knowledge and practical application, demonstrating how electronic circuits can address
real-world problems. Overall, this project has equipped us with a deeper understanding of circuit
design, power management, and teamwork, which will be valuable for future endeavors in
electronics and embedded systems.