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IoT and OT Hacking

The document discusses IoT (Internet of Things) and the unauthorized access known as IoT hacking, which exploits vulnerabilities in devices for malicious purposes such as data theft and surveillance. It outlines the methodology of IoT hacking, including information gathering, vulnerability scanning, launching attacks, gaining remote access, and maintaining control over compromised devices. Additionally, it briefly defines Operational Technology (OT) as the software and hardware used to monitor and control industrial operations.

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F19Aditya Kumar
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31 views11 pages

IoT and OT Hacking

The document discusses IoT (Internet of Things) and the unauthorized access known as IoT hacking, which exploits vulnerabilities in devices for malicious purposes such as data theft and surveillance. It outlines the methodology of IoT hacking, including information gathering, vulnerability scanning, launching attacks, gaining remote access, and maintaining control over compromised devices. Additionally, it briefly defines Operational Technology (OT) as the software and hardware used to monitor and control industrial operations.

Uploaded by

F19Aditya Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IoT and OT Hacking

What is IoT?
IoT (Internet of Things) refers to the network of physical devices, vehicles, appliances, and other
objects embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity, allowing them to collect, exchange, and
analyze data.

What is IoT Device Hacking?


IoT Hacking involves unauthorized access or manipulation of IoT devices, exploiting vulnerabilities to
steal data, disrupt operations, or cause harm.

Benefits of IoT hacking:

While hacking IoT devices is illegal and unethical, some individuals may exploit vulnerabilities for
various reasons. Potential "benefits" (from a hacker's perspective) include:

1. Data Theft: Accessing sensitive information like personal data, financial details, or private
communications.
2. Surveillance: Spying on users through connected cameras, microphones, or smart
devices.
3. Botnet Creation: Using compromised devices to form a botnet for launching cyberattacks
like DDoS.
4. Ransom: Locking devices or encrypting data and demanding a ransom for restoration.
5. Privilege Escalation: Gaining access to broader networks or systems through IoT
vulnerabilities.

These actions are illegal and highly harmful, violating privacy and security. Ethical hacking practices
focus on identifying and fixing vulnerabilities, not exploiting them.

IoT (Internet of Things) Hacking Methodology:


The methodology of IoT (Internet of Things) hacking typically involves several stages, each focused
on identifying, exploiting, and maintaining control over IoT devices and systems. Here's a breakdown
of each stage:

1. Information Gathering

The first step involves extracting critical information about the target IoT devices, such as:

 IP Address: Identifying the device's location on the network.


 Protocols: Determining which communication protocols are used (e.g., HTTP, MQTT).
 Open Ports: Scanning for exposed ports that might be vulnerable.
 Device Type & Manufacturer: Recognizing the type of device (e.g., smart thermostat,
camera) and its manufacturer for known vulnerabilities.
 Geo-Location: Determining the physical location of the device.
 Serial Number/Model: Identifying specific models for known weaknesses or flaws.

2. Vulnerability Scanning
Once the device's details are gathered, vulnerability scanning helps identify weaknesses in the IoT
system, including:

 Weak Configurations: Misconfigured device settings that can be exploited.


 Firmware Bugs: Identifying outdated or unpatched firmware vulnerabilities.
 Weak Passwords: Devices with default or easily guessable credentials.
 Poor Encryption: Devices that fail to securely encrypt communications, making them
susceptible to interception or attacks.

3. Launch Attacks

After identifying vulnerabilities, attackers move on to exploiting these weaknesses to launch specific
attacks, such as:

 Denial of Service (DoS): Overloading the device or network to make it unavailable.


 Rolling Code Attacks: Intercepting and predicting rolling codes used in IoT security
systems (e.g., smart locks).
 Jamming Signal Attacks: Disrupting wireless communication between devices, such as
using radio frequency jamming.
 Sybil Attacks: Impersonating multiple devices on a network to gain control or cause
chaos.
 Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) Attacks: Intercepting and manipulating communication
between two devices.
 Data & Identity Theft: Stealing sensitive information like personal data, login credentials,
or location data.

4. Gain Remote Access

In this phase, attackers use discovered vulnerabilities to gain remote access to the IoT device.

 This may involve turning the device into a backdoor, allowing the attacker to infiltrate
the network without being detected by traditional security measures like firewalls,
antivirus software, or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS).
 This access may be used to launch further attacks or gain access to internal systems.

5. Maintain Access

To ensure continued control over the compromised IoT device, attackers use several techniques:

 Log Cleansing: Deleting or altering logs to avoid detection.


 Firmware Updates: Installing custom firmware that supports backdoors or other
malicious payloads.
 Malicious Programs: Using malware, such as Trojans or remote access tools (RATs), to
ensure ongoing access to the device.
 Persistence: Ensuring that even if the device is reset or rebooted, the attacker can still
regain control.
What is OT?
Operational technology is the software and hardware designed to detect or cause changes in
industrial operations through direct monitoring and/or controlling of industrial physical devices.

Gather Information Using Online Footprinting Tools:


Capture and Analyze IoT Traffic using Wireshark:

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