Question bank: Numerical Method

Error, operator, missing term

If x=5, what is the value of ∇x ? Round off the following numbers up to 4 significant digits
and also 4 decimal places. (i) 8.203524 (ii) 49.96555 (iii) 0.0028997 (iv) 100.56712
1
If f(x) = x , what is ∆f x , for h = 1? Round off the following numbers upto 3 significant
digits and also 3 decimal places.(i) 66.6666 (ii) 20.55555 (iii) 0.0123456 (iv) 419.8181

Write down the approximate representation of 2/3 correct up to four significant digits. Find
the absolute error, relative error and percentage error.

If 5/6 is represented by the approximate number 0.8333, compute absolute, relative, and
percentage errors.

Find absolute, relative, and percentage errors in approximating 4/3 to 1.3333.

Write down the approximate representation of 4/7 correct up to four significant digits. Find the
absolute error, relative error and percentage error.

Find the missing term in the following table.

x 0 1 2 3 4
f(x) 1 3 9 ----- 81

Find the missing term in the following table.

x 1 2 3 4 5
f(x) 7 --- 27 40 55

Evaluate the missing terms in the following table.

x 0 1 2 3 4 5
f(x) 0 --- 8 15 ---- 35

Find the missing term in the following table

x 2 4 6 8 10
y 5.6 8.6 13.9 ------ 35.6

Find the missing terms in the following table

x 0 1 2 3 4 5
y 0 --- 6 13 --- 25
Find the missing terms in the following table
x 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 1 3 7 - 21 -

∆f(x)
Show that ∆logf x = log 1 + .
f(x)

Show that ∇E ≡ δE1/2 .

Show that ∆≡ ∇E ≡ δ

Show that ∆n ex = e − 1 n ex , taking h=1.

∆2
Evaluate x 4 , when h = 1.
E

∆2 x 3
Evaluate when h = 1.
E x3

δ2
Show that μ2 = 1 + 4 .

Prove that ∆𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑒 hD − 1 𝑓 𝑥 .

δ2
Show that μ2 = 1 + 4 .

∆2
Evaluate E
(e2x . x) when h = 1.

Define forward difference operator and backward difference operator. Prove that
∆. ∇≡ ∆ − ∇.

INTERPOLATION

Applying Lagrange’s interpolation formula find the functional value at x=4

using following table.
x -1 0 2 3
f(x) -8 3 1 2

By using appropriate interpolation formula find f(1) from the following data table.
x 0 2 4 6
f(x) 2 6 10 15

Applying Newton’s backward interpolation formula find the value of f(5.5)

from the following table.
 x 3 4 5 6
f(x) 6 24 60 120

Using Newton’s Divided Difference interpolation formula compute f(27)

from the following table.
x 14 17 31 35
f(x) 68.7 64.0 44.0 39.1

Using appropriate interpolation formula estimate the approximate area when

diameters are 82 and 98.
Diameter 80 85 90 95 100
Area 5026 5674 6362 7088 7854

Find 𝑓(0.16) using Newton’s forward interpolation formula from the following table.
x 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
f(x) 1.005 1.020 1.045 1.081

By using appropriate interpolation formula find f(7) from the following data table.
x 2 4 6 8
f(x) 15 28 56 89

Applying Lagrange’s interpolation formula find the functional value at x=0 using following table.
x -1 -2 2 4
f(x) -1 -9 11 69

Applying Newton’s divided difference interpolation formula find the functional value
at x=3 using following table.
x 0 1 2 5
f(x) 2 3 12 147

Using Lagrange’s interpolation formula find functional value at x=0 using following table.
x -1 0 2 5
f(x) 9 5 3 15

Find the polynomial from the following data by using Newton’s Divided Difference formula.
And hence find (0) .
x -1 1 2 3
f(x) 21 15 12 3
Find the polynomial from the following data by using Newton’s forward interpolation formula.
And hence find (0.5) .
x 0 1 2 3 4
f(x) 2 3 12 35 78

Find the polynomial from the following data by using Newton’s backward interpolation formula.
And hence find (6) .
x 0 1 2 3 4 5
f(x) 1 5 31 121 341 781

Using Newton’s divided difference interpolation formula find 𝑓(8) using following table.
x 4 5 7 10 11 13
f(x) 48 100 293 900 1210 2028

Using appropriate interpolation estimate the approximate value of f(3.9) correct to 3-decimal
places from the following table.
x 0 1 2 3 4
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) 1 4 25 100 289

Integration
0
Evaluate −1 𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 , by Trapezoidal rule taking 6 equal intervals correct to
4 decimal places.
1
Evaluate the value of 0 4𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 , taking 11 ordinates using Trapezoidal rule
correct to 3-decimal places.
1.0
Compute 0.2 𝑥 2 1 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥, taking step length 0.1 by Simpson’s one third rule correct to
3 significant figures.

1 𝑥2
Evaluate 0 1+𝑥 3
𝑑𝑥 , by Simpson’s 1/3rd rule taking h=0.25.

1 1
Find the value of 0 1+𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 correct up to 4-decimal place, taking n=6 by
(i) Simpson’s 1/3 rule and by (ii) Trapezoidal rule.

3
Find the value of 0
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 correct up to 4-decimal place, taking 12 equal sub intervals
by (i) Simpson’s 1/3 rule and by (ii) Trapezoidal rule.

5
Find the value of 1 log10 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 taking eight equal sub-intervals correct upto 4-decimal
place by (i) Simpson’s 1/3 rule and by (ii) Trapezoidal rule.
 1
Evaluate 0
1 − 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 , by trapezoidal rule taking 6 equal intervals.

6 𝑑𝑥
Evaluate 0 (1+𝑥 )2
, by simpson’s 1/3rd rule taking n=6.

1 −𝑥 2
Applying Trapezoidal rule, evaluate 0
𝑒 𝑑𝑥 with 10 divisions, correct to 4-decimal places.

0.6 𝑑𝑥
Evaluate 0
𝑑𝑥 , by simpson’s 1/3rd rule taking 12 equal intervals.
1−𝑥 2

1 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
Evaluate 0 1+𝑥 3
, by simpson’s 1/3rd rule taking h=0.25.

5
Find the value of 1 log10 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 taking eight equal sub-intervals correct upto 4-decimal place
by (i) Simpson’s 1/3 rule and by (ii) Trapezoidal rule.

1.6 1
Find the value of 1.2
𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 correct upto 5-decimal place, taking 4-intervals by
(i) Simpson’s 1/3 rule and by (ii) Trapezoidal rule.

1 1
Evaluate the value of 0 1+𝑥
𝑑𝑥 , taking 11 ordinates using Simpson’s one third rule correct
to 3-decimal places.

Algebraic and System of equations

Using Newton-Raphson method, find a real root of the equation x 4 − x − 1 = 0 correct to

three decimal places.

Find the positive real root of 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 − 0.1 = 0 using Regula Falsi method.

Find 11th root of 11 by Newton-Raphson method, correct up to three significant figure.

Find the root of the equation 3x − cos x − 1 = 0 using Regula-Falsi method, correct to three
decimal places.

Find the smallest root of x 3 − 3x − 5 = 0 by Regula-Falsi method, correct to three

significant figures.

Using the method of bisection to compute a root of x 3 − x − 1 = 0 correct upto two significant
figure.

Solve the following system of equations by Gauss-elimination method. 4.69x+7.42y=17.4 and

3x+11.3y=23.2.
Solve the following system of equations by Gauss Elimination method. x+y+z=3, x+2y+3z=4
and x+4y+9z=6.

Solve the following system of equations by matrix inversion method. x+3y=5 and 7x+2y=-3.

Using the method of Bisection, compute a root of x3 - 3x - 5=0 correct up to four significant
figures.

Find a root of xex – 3= 0 that lies between 1 and 2 by Regula-Falsi method, correct to 4-significant
figures.

Give Geometrical interpretation of Newton-Raphson method. Find the root of x+ ln x - 2 = 0 in 1

and 2 correct to 6-decimal places by Newton-Raphson method.

Solve the following system of equations by matrix inversion method. 3x+y+2z=3, 2x-3y-z=-
3, and x+2y+z=4.

Solve the following system of equations by Gauss-Seidel iterative method. 10x+2y+z=9,

x+10y-z=-22, and -2x+3y+10z=22.

Solve the following system of equations by Gauss-elimination method.

x + 2y + z = 0, 2x + 2y + 3z = 3, −x − 3y = 2

Solve the following system of equations by Gauss-elimination method.

4.69x + 7.42y = 17.4, 3x + 11.3y = 23.2

Solve the following system of equations by LU-factorization method.

x + 3y = 5, 7x + 2y = −3 .

Solve the following system of equations by matrix inversion method.

x + y + z = 4, 2x − y + 3z = 1, 3x + 2y − z = 1

Solve the following system of equations by LU decomposition method.

3𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 15, 5𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 18, 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 10.

Solve the following system of equations by Gauss-Seidal iterative method.

5𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = −4, 𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 2𝑧 = −1, 3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 13.

Find a root of x 3 − 4x − 9 = 0 by Regula-Falsi method, correct upto three significant figure.

Find a root of x 3 + 2x − 6 = 0 by Newton-Raphson method, correct upto three significant figure.

Find 4th root of 12 by Newton-Raphson method, correct upto three significant figure.
Using the method of bisection to compute a root of x 3 − x − 1 = 0 correct upto two significant
figure.

Find the positive real root of 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 1 = 0 using the Bisection method after 4 iterations.

Find a real root of x 3 − 2x − 5 = 0 by bisection method, correct upto three decimal places lies
between 2 and 3.

Find a root of x 3 − 5x − 7 = 0 that lies between 2 and 3 by Regula-Falsi method, correct upto 4-
decimal places.

Give Geometrical interpretation of Newton-Raphson method. Find the root of x 4 + 12x + 7 = 0 in -

2 and -3 correct to 4-decimal places by Newton-Raphson method.

ODE
dy
Solve the differential equation 5𝑥 dx + y 2 − 2 = 0, y(4)=1 for y(4.1) and y(4.2), taking h=0.1
by using Euler’s method.

dy
Compute y(0.2), by Runge- Kutta method of 4th order from the differential equation = x 2 + y,
dx
y(0)=0.8 taking h=0.2.
dy
Compute y(0.2), by Runge- Kutta method of 2nd order from the equation dx
= x + y2 , y 0 = 1
taking h = 0.1.

dy
Compute y(0.1), y(0.2), y(0.3), and y(0.4) from the equation − 1 = y 2 , y(0)=0 taking
dx
h=0.1 by Euler’s method.

Find the value of y(1.1) and y(1.2) using Runge- Kutta method of 4th order taking h=0.1, given that
dy
= y 2 + xy, y(1)=1.
dx

Compute y(1), by Euler’s method correct upto five decimal places from the equation
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑥𝑦 , y 0 = 1 taking ℎ = 0.2 .
𝑑𝑥

Compute y(0.10), by Euler’s method correct to four decimal places from the differential equation
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
= x 2 + y 2 , y 0 = 0 taking ℎ = 0.05.

𝑑𝑦 𝑦 −𝑥
Given 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑦 +𝑥 , y(0)=1, find y(0.1) by Euler’s method, correct to 4 decimal places taking step
length h=0.02.

Compute y(0.2) and y(0.4), by Runge- Kutta method of 4th order from the differential equation
 dy
y dx = y 2 − x, y(0)=2 taking h=0.2.

Compute y(1.1) and y(1.2), by Runge- Kutta method of 4th order from the differential equation
dy
dx
= x 2 + y 2 , y(1)=0 taking h=0.1.

Compute y(0.1), by Runge- Kutta method of 4th order from the equation
dy 1
= x+y , y 0 = 1
dx

Compute 𝑦(1), by Runge- Kutta method of 4th order from the equation
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑦 − 𝑥 , 𝑦 0 = 1.5
𝑑𝑥