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 Copyright

Learning C by Example

Agus Kurniawan

1st Edition, 2015

Copyright © 2015 Agus Kurniawan

 Table of Contents
Copyright
Preface
1. Development Environment
1.1 Getting Started
1.2 Compilers
1.2.1 Linux
1.2.2 Windows
1.2.3 Mac
1.3 Development Tools
1.4 Hello World
2. Basic C Programming Language
2.1 Common Rule
2.2 Declaring Variable
2.3 Assigning Variables
2.4 Comment
2.5 Input & Output on Console
2.6 Arithmetic Operations
2.7 Mathematical Functions
2.8 Comparison Operators
2.9 Logical Operators
2.10 Increment and Decrement
2.11 Decision
2.11.1 if..then
2.11.2 switch..case
2.12 Iterations
2.12.1 For
2.12.2 While
2.13 Struct
3. Array and Pointer
3.1 Array
3.1.1 Defining An Array
3.1.2 Basic Array Operations
3.2 Multidimensional Array
3.3 Pointer
3.3.1 Basic Pointer
3.3.2 Dynamic Array
4. Functions
4.1 Creating Function
4.2 Function with Parameters and Returning Value
4.3 Function with Array Parameters
4.4 Function and Pointer
5. I/O Operations
5.1 Getting Started
5.2 Reading Input from Keyboard
5.2.1 getchar() and putchar() functions
5.2.2 gets() and puts() functions
5.2.3 scanf() function
5.3 Reading Program Arguments
5.4 Writing Data Into A File
5.5 Reading Data From A File
6. String Operations
6.1 Concatenating Strings
6.2 String To Numeric
6.3 Numeric to String
6.4 String Parser
6.5 Check String Data Length
6.6 Copy Data
6.7 Exploring Characters
7. Building C Library
7.1 Getting Started
7.2 Writing C Library
7.3 Compiling and Testing
7.3.1 Static Library
7.3.2 Shared Library
8. Threading
8.1 Creating Thread
8.2 Thread ID
8.3 Terminating Thread
8.3.1 Terminating Itself
8.3.2 Terminating Others
8.4 Joining Thread
8.5 Thread Mutex
8.6 Condition Variables
8.6.1 Signaling
8.6.2 Broadcasting
9. Database Programming
9.1 Database Library for C
9.2 MySQL
9.3 Connection Test
9.4 CRUD (Create, Read, Update and Delete) Operations
9.4.1 Creating Data
9.4.2 Reading Data
9.4.3 Updating Data
9.4.4 Deleting Data
10. Socket Programming
10.1 Getting Local Hostname
10.2 Creating and Connecting
10.2.1 Server
10.2.2 Client
10.2.3 Testing
10.3 Data Transfer
10.3.1 Server
10.3.2 Client
10.3.3 Testing
Contact and Source Code
Contact
 Preface

This book is a practical book to get started with C language. It

describes all the elements of the language and illustrates their use
with code examples.

Agus Kurniawan

Depok, March 2015

 1. Development Environment

This chapter explains how to start with development environment

using C.
1.1 Getting Started
C is a general-purpose, imperative computer programming
language. It supports structured programming, lexical variable scope
and recursion, while a static type system prevents many unintended
operations.

In this chapter, we prepare development environment to develop C

program. You can write C program with your program. We focus on
Windows, Linux and Mac platforms.
1.2 Compilers
There are many C compilers to develop C program. In this book, we
use GCC as C compiler for Linux, Mac and Windows. For Windows
users, you also can use Visual C++ compiler.

1.2.1 Linux

Installation of GCC C is easy. For Ubuntu Linux, you can do it using

console and write this script

$ sudo apt-get install build-essential

If installation already finished, you can check GCC version on

console and write script as below

gcc --version

You will see gcc version, for instance shown in Figure above.
1.2.2 Windows

If your computer has Windows platform, you can use Cygwin.

Download it on http://cygwin.com/setup.exe and then run it.

On setup dialog, you choose Devel package as follows.

After installed, you will get Cygwin terminal. Run it.

You can check GCC version. The following is a sample of output for
GCC version
1.2.3 Mac

To install GCC, you can install Xcode so you get GCC. After
installed, you can verify it by checking GCC version.
1.3 Development Tools

Basically you can use any editor tool for instance, vi, vim, gedit,
Eclipse. The following is vi editor in Ubuntu.

Here is gedit editor

1.4 Hello World
Now we start to write the first program using C.

Firstly, open your text editor and create new file, called hello.c

Let's write this code

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
printf("Hello C\n");
return 0;
}

Save this file.

Now open your Terminal and compile this file.

sudo gcc hello.c

If you check, you will get file a.out. GCC will generate a.out file if you
don't specify an output file name. You can define the output compiled
file as follows

sudo gcc hello.c -o hello

After compiled, you can run the compiled file by writing this
command (for instance, the compiled file is hello.out)

./hello
A sample output of program is run on Mac platform.
 2. Basic C Programming Language

This chapter explains the basic of C programming language.

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