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Fundamentals of Databases & DBMS

Data refers to any piece of information that can be stored and processed by a computer, while a database is a structured collection of data managed by a Database Management System (DBMS) for efficient storage and retrieval. There are various types of databases, including relational and NoSQL databases, each designed for specific use cases. Cloud databases offer advantages like scalability and accessibility, with popular services including Amazon RDS and Google Cloud SQL.

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6 views4 pages

Fundamentals of Databases & DBMS

Data refers to any piece of information that can be stored and processed by a computer, while a database is a structured collection of data managed by a Database Management System (DBMS) for efficient storage and retrieval. There are various types of databases, including relational and NoSQL databases, each designed for specific use cases. Cloud databases offer advantages like scalability and accessibility, with popular services including Amazon RDS and Google Cloud SQL.

Uploaded by

D Pavan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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🔍 What are Data & Databases?

💾 Data refers to any piece of information.​


It can be numbers, words, images, sounds, or any other information that a computer can

📊
store and process.​
Data can be raw or processed.

🗄️ A database is a structured collection of data that is organized in a way to facilitate


efficient storage, retrieval, and manipulation of information.​
It acts as a centralized and organized repository where data can be stored, managed, and
accessed by various applications or users.

🧠 Databases are managed using specialized software called a Database Management


System (DBMS), which allows users to store, retrieve, and manipulate data efficiently.

💼 Databases are the backbone of modern applications, supporting businesses,


organizations, and systems across all industries—from healthcare and finance to
e-commerce and social media.

🧠 What is a DBMS?
A Database Management System (DBMS) is a software system that enables users to define,
create, maintain, and manipulate databases.​

🗂️
It acts as a bridge between the database and users or applications, allowing efficient access
and management of data.

🔑 Primary Functions of DBMS:


1.​ 🏗️ Data Definition​
Defining the database structure — specifying data types, relationships, and
constraints.​

2.​ ✍️ Data Manipulation​


Performing operations like insert, update, delete, and retrieve using SQL or other
query languages.​

3.​ 🔒 Data Security​


Enforcing access control so that only authorized users can view or modify data.​

4.​ 💾 Backup and Recovery​


Ensuring data safety by providing backup mechanisms and recovery tools in case of
failures or corruption.
:

🗃️ Types of Databases
There are various types of databases, each designed for specific use cases and requirements.​
Here are some common types of databases:

📌 Relational Databases​
📌 NoSQL Databases​
📌 Object-Oriented Databases​
📌 Hierarchical Databases​
📌 Network Databases​
📌 Cloud Databases​
📌 Time-Series Databases​
📌 Distributed Databases
📊 What is RDBMS?
RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management Systems.​
It is a program that allows us to create, delete, and update a relational database.

A Relational Database is a database system that stores and retrieves data in a tabular
format organized in the form of rows and columns.

It is a smaller subset of DBMS.

The major DBMSs like SQL, MySQL, and Oracle are all based on the principles of Relational
DBMS (RDBMS).

📋 What is a Database Table?


A table is a collection of related data in an organized manner in the form of rows and
columns.

It is an organized arrangement of data and information in tabular form, containing rows and
columns, making it easier to understand and compare data.
📚 These are the following relational databases:
●​ 🐬 MySQL​

●​ 🐘 PostgreSQL​

●​ 🏛️ Oracle (PL/SQL, programming language extension for Oracle Database)

🚀 What is NoSQL?
NoSQL, or "Not Only SQL," is a database management system (DBMS) designed to handle
large volumes of unstructured and semi-structured data.

Unlike traditional relational databases that use tables and predefined schemas, NoSQL
databases provide flexible data models and support horizontal scalability, making them ideal
for modern applications requiring real-time data processing.

🤔 Why NoSQL?
RDBMS uses SQL languages

NOSQL don’t have a universal query language However,

As applications evolved to handle big data, real-time analytics, and distributed


environments, NoSQL emerged as a solution offering:

1.​ 📈 Scalability – Can scale horizontally by adding more nodes instead of upgrading a
single machine.​

2.​ 🔄 Flexibility – Supports unstructured or semi-structured data without a rigid


schema.​

3.​ ⚡ High Performance – Optimized for fast read/write operations with large datasets.​
4.​ 🌐 Distributed Architecture – Designed for high availability and partition tolerance
in distributed systems.
📚 Types of NoSQL Databases
●​ Document databases​

●​ Key-value stores​

●​ Column-family stores​

●​ Graph databases

☁️ 3. Cloud Databases?
Cloud databases are online databases that store and manage data in a cloud computing
environment. They offer various advantages such as scalability, reliability, and accessibility.

Popular cloud database services include:

●​ Amazon RDS (Relational Database Service)​

●​ Amazon Aurora​

●​ Azure SQL Database​

●​ Google Cloud SQL​

●​ Microsoft Azure SQL Database​

●​ Amazon DynamoDB

THEY ARE FEW MORE DATABASES LIKE:

📌 📌 Network Databases e 📌
📌
Object-Oriented Databases Hierarchical Databases
Time-Series Databases Distributed Databases

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