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Nelson Advanced Functions 12 Study Sheet Updated

The document provides a study sheet for Nelson Advanced Functions 12, covering key concepts such as absolute maximum/minimum values, absolute value functions, asymptotes, characteristics of functions, and more. It includes definitions, examples, and explanations of various mathematical concepts and their applications. The content is structured to aid in understanding and graphing functions, as well as solving equations.

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6 views3 pages

Nelson Advanced Functions 12 Study Sheet Updated

The document provides a study sheet for Nelson Advanced Functions 12, covering key concepts such as absolute maximum/minimum values, absolute value functions, asymptotes, characteristics of functions, and more. It includes definitions, examples, and explanations of various mathematical concepts and their applications. The content is structured to aid in understanding and graphing functions, as well as solving equations.

Uploaded by

cbikash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Nelson Advanced Functions 12 – Study

Sheet
Absolute Maximum / Minimum (p. 131)
These are the highest and lowest values a function reaches over its entire domain.
- Absolute Maximum: The greatest y-value on the graph.
- Absolute Minimum: The smallest y-value on the graph.
Example: f(x) = -x² + 4 → Vertex at (0, 4); Absolute maximum = 4; No absolute minimum.

Absolute Value (p. 73)


The distance a number is from 0 on the number line. Always non-negative.
Definition:
|x| = x if x ≥ 0; |x| = -x if x < 0
Example: |5| = 5, |-3| = 3

Absolute Value Functions (pp. 14–17, 25, 53)


Functions involving absolute value expressions. Basic form: f(x) = |x| (V-shaped graph)
Example: f(x) = |x - 2| + 1 → Vertex at (2, 1), opens upward.

Asymptotes (pp. 20, 25)


Lines that a graph approaches but never touches.
- Vertical: often from division by zero.
- Horizontal/oblique: describe end behaviour.
Example: f(x) = 1/x → Vertical: x = 0; Horizontal: y = 0

Characteristics of Functions (p. 26)


Features include domain, range, intercepts, symmetry, increasing/decreasing intervals, and
discontinuities.
Example: f(x) = x² → Domain: all reals; Range: y ≥ 0; Symmetry: even

Discontinuity (p. 25)


Points where the graph jumps, breaks, or has holes.
Example: f(x) = (x² - 1)/(x - 1) simplifies to x + 1, but has a hole at x = 1 (removable
discontinuity).

Domain (pp. 15, 19, 25, 27, 30)


All possible input (x) values for which the function is defined.
Examples:
- f(x) = √(x - 3) → Domain: x ≥ 3
- f(x) = 1/x → Domain: x ≠ 0
End Behaviour (pp. 25, 27)
Describes what happens to f(x) as x approaches ±∞.
Example: f(x) = x² → As x → ±∞, f(x) → ∞

Graphing (pp. 16, 26, 29–35)


Includes intercepts, shape, transformations, asymptotes.
Example: f(x) = |x - 3| + 2 → Shift right 3, up 2; Vertex at (3, 2)

Intervals of Increase/Decrease (pp. 22, 25, 27, 30)


Where the graph increases or decreases as you move left to right.
Example: f(x) = x² → Decreasing on (-∞, 0); Increasing on (0, ∞)

Range (pp. 15, 19, 20, 25, 27, 30)


The set of all possible output (y) values of a function.
Examples:
- f(x) = x² → Range: y ≥ 0
- f(x) = √(x - 3) → Range: y ≥ 0

Symmetry (pp. 15, 25)


Describes if a graph mirrors across an axis.
- Even functions: symmetric about the y-axis (e.g., f(x) = x²)
- Odd functions: symmetric about the origin (e.g., f(x) = x³)

Transformations (p. 16)


Shifting, stretching, compressing, or reflecting a graph.
Example: f(x) = -2(x - 3)² + 1 → Vertical stretch by 2, reflect over x-axis, shift right 3, up 1.

Turning Point (p. 30)


The point where the graph changes direction from increasing to decreasing or vice versa.
Example: For f(x) = x², the turning point is the vertex at (0, 0).

Y-intercepts (pp. 25, 27)


The point where the graph crosses the y-axis (x = 0).
Example: f(x) = x² - 4 → y-intercept at (0, -4)

Zeros (pp. 19, 25)


The x-values for which f(x) = 0 (where the graph crosses the x-axis).
Example: f(x) = x² - 4 → Zeros at x = -2 and x = 2

Absolute Value Notation (p. 60)


The notation |x| indicates the absolute value (distance from zero). Always positive or zero.
Example: |x - 2| = x - 2 if x ≥ 2, else -(x - 2)
Acceleration Due to Gravity (p. 205)
A constant value used in physics: approximately 9.8 m/s². Often appears in quadratic
models of motion.
Example: h(t) = -4.9t² + vt + h₀

Addition of Functions (pp. 523–525, 528)


Combining functions by adding their outputs.
If f(x) = x², g(x) = x, then (f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x) = x² + x.

Addition Identities (p. 416)


Trigonometric identities for adding angles.
Example: sin(A + B) = sinAcosB + cosAsinB

Algebraic Approach/Model/Strategy (pp. 4–5)


Using algebra (like factoring, solving equations) to model and solve problems.

Exponential Equations – Algebraic Strategy (pp. 480–482)


Solving exponential equations using logarithms or by making bases the same.
Example: Solve 2^x = 8 → x = 3

Instantaneous Rate of Change (p. 82)


The slope of the tangent to a curve at a single point.
Approximated using limits or small intervals.
Example: In physics, it’s the instantaneous speed.

Inverse Relation (p. 58)


The reverse of a function: switches x and y.
Example: f(x) = 2x → inverse is f⁻¹(x) = x/2

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