Calculus for Engineers(FIC 103) : Unit-3

SRM University AP, Amaravati, India

Part A: Three-Dimensional Coordinate Systems

1. Describe the sets of points in space whose coordinates satisfy the given inequalities or combinations of
equations and inequalities.

(i) x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 1 (v) x = y, z = 0
2 2 2
(ii) x + y + z > 1 (vi) x = y, no restriction on z
2 2 2
(iii) 1 ≤ x + y + z ≤ 4 (vii) z = 1 − y, no restriction on x
2 2 2
(iv) x + y + z ≤ 1, z ≥ 0 (viii) z = y 3 , x = 2

2. Find the center C and the radius a for the spheres

(i) (x − 4)2 + y 2 + (z + 4)2 = 16
(ii) x2 + y 2 + z 2 − 6y + 8z = 0
(iii) 3x2 + 3y 2 + 3z 2 + 2y − 2z = 9
(iv) (x − 1)2 + (y − 2)2 + (z + 1)2 = 103 + 2x + 4y − 2z
3. Find equations for the spheres whose centers and radii are given
√
(i) Center = (2, 3, 4), Radius = 15
5 −3 7
(ii) Center = (−4, , ), Radius =
2 4 10

Part B: Limits, Continuity & Partial derivatives

(a) Find the specific function values f (x, y) = x2 + xy 3

i. f (2, 3) ii. f (−3, −2)

(b) Find and sketch the level curves f (x, y) = c on the same set of coordinate axes for the given values of
c.
p
i. f (x, y) = xy, c =, 0, 1. ii. f (x, y) = 25 − x2 − y 2 , c = 1, 2.

(c) i. Find the function’s domain,

ii. Find the function’s range,
iii. Find the boundary of the function’s domain,
iv. Determine if the domain is an open region, closed region, or neither, and
v. Decide if the domain is bounded or unbounded.

i. f (x, y) = xy 1 iii. f (x, y) = ln(x2 + y 2 − 1)

ii. f (x, y) = p
16 − x2 − y2

(d) Find an equation for and sketch the graph of the level curves of the function f (x, y) that passes through
the given point.
√ √ p
i. f (x, y) = 25 − x2 − y 2 , ( 2, 3 2) ii. f (x, y) = x2 − 1, (1,0)

2x2 y
(e) Show that f (x, y) = has no limit as (x,y) approaches (0,0).
x4
+ y2
(f) Find the limits by rewriting the fraction first.

1
 y+4 x+y−4
i. lim iii. lim √
(x,y)→(2,−4) x2 y − xy + 4x2 − 4x (x,y)→(2,2) x+y−2
y̸=−4, x̸=x2 x + y ̸= 4
√ √
x+ y
ii. lim √ √ sin(x − y)
(x,y)→(0,0) x + 2 x − y + 2 y iv. lim
x̸=y (x,y)→(0,0) x−y

(g) Find the limits

3xy + 2yz ii. lim ze−2y cos 2x
i. lim (P )→(π,0,3)
(x,y,z)→(−1,1,−1) x3 + z 3
p
iii. lim ln x2 − y 2 − z 2
(x,y,z)→(6,−4,2)

(h) Show that the limits do not exist

x2 y − 1 x ln y
i. lim ii. lim
(x,y)→(1,1) x − 1 x2 + (ln y)2
(x,y)→(0,1)
y + sin x
iii. lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x + sin y

(i) Let us consider the function as follows:


4
1; y ≥ x

f (x, y) = 1; y ≤ 0

0; otherwise


Find each of the following limits, or explain that the limit does not exist.

i. lim f (x, y) ii. lim f (x, y) iii. lim f (x, y) .

(x,y)→(0,1) (x,y)→(2,3) (x,y)→(0,0)

(j) The Sandwich Theorem for functions of two variables states that if g(x, y) ≤ f (x, y) ≤ h(x, y)
for all (x, y) ̸= (x0 , y0 ) in a disk centered at (x0 , y0 ) and if g and h have the same finite limit L as
(x, y) → (x0 , y0 )
lim f (x, y) = L
(x,y)→(x0 ,y0 )

use this result to support your answer to the questions.

i. Does knowing that
x2 y 2 p
2|xy| − < 4 − 4 cos |xy| < 2|xy|
6
p
4 − 4 cos |xy|
tell us anything about lim ? Give reasons for your answer.
(x,y)→(0,0) |xy|
   
1 1
ii. Does knowing that sin ≤ 1 tell you anything about lim y sin ? Give reasons for
x (x,y)→(0,0) x
your answer.
(k) Give a function f (x, y) and a positive number ϵ. Show that there exist a δ > 0 such that for all (x,y),
p
x2 + y 2 < δ ⇒ |f (x, y) − f (0, 0)| < ϵ
i. f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 and ε = 0.01.
(
xy 2
ii. f (x, y) = x2 +y 2 , (x, y) ̸= (0, 0); and ε = 0.04.
0, (x, y) = (0, 0).
(l) Show that for the function
x2 y 2
f (x, y) =
x2 y 2 + (x2 + y 2 )2
  n o
both lim lim f (x, y) and lim lim f (x, y) exist and are the same, but lim f (x, y) does not
x→0 y→0 y→0 x→0 (x,y)→(0,0)
exist?

2
(m) If f (x0 , y0 )=5, what can you say about lim f (x, y) if f is continuous at (x0 , y0 )? If f is not
(x,y)→(x0 ,y0 )
continuous at(x0 , y0 )? Give reasons for your answers.
( 2
x +xy+x+y
x+y ; (x, y) ̸= (2, 2)
(n) Show that the function f (x, y) = is not continuous at (2, 2).
4; (x, y) = (2, 2)
( 2
79x y
4 2; (x, y) ̸= (0, 0)
(o) Show that the function f (x, y) = x +y is not continuous at (0, 0).
0; (x, y) = (0, 0)
x2 − y 2
(p) Define f (0, 0) in a way that extends f (x, y) = xy to be continuous at the origin.
x2 + y 2
(q) Let us consider the function
xy 2
(
x2 +y 4 ; (x, y) ̸= (0, 0)
f (x, y) =
0; (x, y) = (0, 0)
∂f ∂f
i. Show that both partial derivatives and exist at (0, 0).
∂x ∂y
ii. Prove that f is not continuous at (0, 0).
∂f ∂f
(r) Find and for the following:
∂x ∂y
y
i. f (x, y) = e−x sin(x + y) iii. f (x, y) = ln(x2 + y 2 ) + tan−1
"p # x
x2 + y 2 − x
ii. f (x, y) = ln p
x2 + y 2 + x

(s) Find fx , fy , and fz

x y z
i. f (x, y, z) = + + ii. f (x, y, z) = sin−1 (xyz)
y z x 2
+y 2 +z 2 )
iii. f (x, y, z) = e−(x

(t) Find all the second-order partial derivatives of the functions.

i. h(x, y) = ex ln y + sin y ln x ii. w = x2 tan(xy)

(u) Verify that wxy = wyx

i. w = (x2 + y 2 )3/2 ii. w = x sin y + y sin x + xy

(v) Which order of differentiation will calculate fxy faster: x first or y first?
i. f (x, y) = x2 + 5xy + sin x + 7ex
ii. f (x, y) = x ln xy
(w) Use the limit definition of partial derivative to compute the partial derivatives of the functions at the
specified points.
∂f ∂f
i. f (x, y) = 4 + 2x − 3y − xy 2 , and at (−2, 1)
∂x ∂y
p ∂f ∂f
ii. f (x, y) = 2x + 3y − 1, and at (−2, 3)
∂x ∂y
dw
(x) Express as a function of t, both by using the chain rule and by expressing w in terms of t and
dt
dw
differentiating directly with respect to t. Then, evaluate as the given value of t.
dt
i. w = xz + yz , x = cos2 t, y = sin2 t, z = 1/t; t = 3
ii. w = 2yex − ln z, x = ln(t2 + 1), y = tan−1 t, z = et ; t = 1
∂z ∂z ∂z ∂z
(y) Express and as a function of both u and v, using the chain rule. Then, evaluate and
∂u ∂v ∂u ∂v
as the given point of(u, v).

3
  
x −1
i. z = tan , x = u cos v, y = u sin v, (u, v) = (1.3, π/6)
y
ii. z = ln(x2 + y 2 + z 2 ), x = uev sin u, y = uev cos u, z = uev , (u, v) = (−2, 0)
dy
(z) Assuming that the following equations define y as a differentiable function of x. Find at the given
dx
point.
i. xey + sin xy + y − ln 2 = 0, (0, ln 2)
ii. (x3 − y 4 )6 + ln(x2 + y) = 1, (−1, 0)
∂z ∂z
() Find the values of and at the given point.
∂x ∂y
1 1 1
i. x + y + z − 1 = 0, (2, 3, 6)
ii. sin(x + y) + sin(y + z) + sin(x + z) = 0, (π, π, π)