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java complete

The document provides comprehensive notes on Java, covering its introduction, basic syntax, data types, operators, control flow statements, methods, arrays, object-oriented programming concepts, inheritance types, exception handling, file handling, collections framework, generics, multithreading, interfaces, packages, Java API, Java 8+ features, memory management, design patterns, and unit testing with JUnit. Each section includes code examples and key concepts essential for understanding Java programming. This serves as a valuable resource for both beginners and experienced developers.

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6 views

java complete

The document provides comprehensive notes on Java, covering its introduction, basic syntax, data types, operators, control flow statements, methods, arrays, object-oriented programming concepts, inheritance types, exception handling, file handling, collections framework, generics, multithreading, interfaces, packages, Java API, Java 8+ features, memory management, design patterns, and unit testing with JUnit. Each section includes code examples and key concepts essential for understanding Java programming. This serves as a valuable resource for both beginners and experienced developers.

Uploaded by

dihoncho.pro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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📘 Java Complete Notes

📌 1. Introduction to Java

 Developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems (1995).


 Platform-independent, Object-Oriented, Secure, and Multithreaded.
 Runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

🔤 2. Basic Syntax
java
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public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello, World!");
}
}

 public class: Class definition.


 main() method: Entry point.
 System.out.println: Output statement.

🔠 3. Data Types

 Primitive: int, byte, short, long, float, double, char, boolean


 Non-Primitive: String, Arrays, Objects

➕ 4. Operators

 Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, %
 Relational: ==, !=, <, >, <=, >=
 Logical: &&, ||, !
 Assignment: =, +=, -=, etc.
 Bitwise: &, |, ^, ~, <<, >>
 Ternary: condition ? expr1 : expr2
🔁 5. Control Flow Statements

 Conditional: if, else, switch


 Loops: for, while, do-while
 Jump: break, continue, return

🧠 6. Methods (Functions)
java
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int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}

 Parameters, return types, method overloading.


 Static vs non-static methods.

📦 7. Arrays & Strings

 Arrays:

java
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int[] arr = new int[5];
int[] arr = {1, 2, 3};

 Strings:

java
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String s = "Hello";
s.length(); s.charAt(0); s.substring(1);

📌 8. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

 Class and Object:

java
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class Car {
String color;
void drive() { System.out.println("Driving"); }
}
 Encapsulation: private fields + public getters/setters.
 Inheritance: class Dog extends Animal
 Polymorphism: Method overloading and overriding.
 Abstraction:
o Abstract class: abstract class Shape { abstract void draw(); }
o Interface: interface Drawable { void draw(); }
 Constructor and Destructor:

java
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Car() { }

🔄 9. Inheritance Types

 Single
 Multilevel
 Hierarchical
 Multiple (via Interfaces)

⚙️ 10. Exception Handling


java
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try {
int x = 1 / 0;
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e);
} finally {
System.out.println("Always executes");
}

 Checked vs Unchecked exceptions.


 Custom exceptions via subclassing Exception.

🧠 11. File Handling


java
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import java.io.*;

FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("file.txt");


fw.write("Hello");
fw.close();
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("file.txt"));
String line = br.readLine();
br.close();

📚 12. Collections Framework

 List (ArrayList, LinkedList)


 Set (HashSet, TreeSet)
 Map (HashMap, TreeMap)
 Queue, Deque

Common operations:

java
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list.add(1); set.contains(2); map.get(key);

🧠 13. Generics
java
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class Box<T> {
T value;
void set(T v) { value = v; }
T get() { return value; }
}

 Ensures type safety and code reusability.

🧠 14. Multithreading
java
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class MyThread extends Thread {
public void run() {
System.out.println("Thread running");
}
}

 Thread, Runnable, synchronized, wait(), notify()

🛠 15. Interfaces and Abstract Classes


java
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interface Animal {
void sound();
}
class Dog implements Animal {
public void sound() { System.out.println("Bark"); }
}

 Abstract class can have implementation; interfaces cannot (pre-Java 8).

🗃 16. Packages

 Group related classes:

java
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package mypackage;
import mypackage.MyClass;

🌐 17. Java API & Libraries

 java.lang: Core classes


 java.util: Collections, Date, Scanner
 java.io: File handling
 java.net: Networking
 java.sql: JDBC
 javax.swing: GUI programming

🌟 18. Java 8+ Features

 Lambda Expressions:

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(a, b) -> a + b

 Streams API
 Functional Interfaces: @FunctionalInterface
 Default & Static methods in interfaces
 Optional, Date and Time API (java.time)
💡 19. Java Memory Management

 Heap and Stack


 Garbage Collection
 finalize() method
 System.gc()

🧠 20. Design Patterns (Intro)

 Singleton
 Factory
 Observer
 MVC
 Strategy

🧠 21. Unit Testing with JUnit


java
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@Test
public void testAdd() {
assertEquals(5, calc.add(2, 3));
}

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