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Computer Systems and Organisation Cat2

The document discusses file organization methods, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Key benefits include improved data access, enhanced data integrity, and better security, while drawbacks involve initial setup time and maintenance efforts. It outlines four types of file organization: serial, sequential, indexed sequential, and direct access.

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georgebrian713
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12 views4 pages

Computer Systems and Organisation Cat2

The document discusses file organization methods, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Key benefits include improved data access, enhanced data integrity, and better security, while drawbacks involve initial setup time and maintenance efforts. It outlines four types of file organization: serial, sequential, indexed sequential, and direct access.

Uploaded by

georgebrian713
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND ORGANISATION

GROUP 8
CAT PRESENTATION
FILE ORGANISATION
DATE: 5/11/24

a) Discuss five major advantages of using any file


organization methods. What are the disadvantages?
---Explanation about file organization
File organization is a logical relationship among various records. This method defines how file
records are mapped onto disk blocks. It describes the way in which the records are stored in terms of
blocks, and the blocks are placed on the storage medium.
Files of fixed length records are easier to implement than the files of variable length records.

Objective of file organization


 It contains an optimal selection of records, i.e., records can be selected as fast as possible.
 To perform insert, delete or update transaction on the records should be quick and easy.

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 The duplicate records cannot be induced as a result of insert, update or delete.
 For the minimal cost of storage, records should be stored efficiently.

Types of File Organization


There are four types of organizing the file:
i. Serial file organization
ii. Sequential file organization
iii. Indexed sequential file organization
iv. Direct file organization

Serial file organization

Serial file organisation is the simplest file organisation method. In serial files, records are entered in
the order of their creation. As such, the file is unordered, and is at best in chronological order. Serial
files are primarily used as transaction files in which the transactions are recorded in the order that
they occur.

Sequential file organization


In sequential access file organization, all records are stored in a sequential order (contiguously). The
records are arranged in the ascending or descending order of a key field.
Sequential file search starts from the beginning of the file and the records can be added at the end of
the file.

A new record is always inserted at the file's end, and then it will sort the sequence in ascending or
descending orderr.

Indexed sequential file organization


Indexed sequential access file combines both sequential file and direct access file organization.
In this method, records are stored in the file using the primary key. An index value is generated for
each primary key and mapped with the record. This index contains the address of the record in the
file. If any record has to be retrieved based on its index value, then the address of the data block is
fetched and the record is retrieved from the memory.

Direct/ random file organization


Direct access file is also known as random access or relative file organization.

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In direct access file, all records are stored in direct access storage device (DASD), such as hard disk.
The records are randomly placed throughout the file.
The records do not need to be in sequence because they are updated directly and rewritten back in
the same location.
This file organization is useful for immediate access to large amount of information. It is used in
accessing large databases. It is also called as hashing.

ADVANTAGES OF FILE ORGANISATION

1. Improved Data Access: Organized files make it easy to locate and retrieve data quickly,
saving time and effort.
2. Enhanced Data Integrity: Proper organization helps in maintaining data accuracy and
consistency, reducing redundancy.
3. Better Security: With organized files, it's easier to implement access controls and data
protection measures.
4. Efficient Resource Management: Organized files enable better use of storage resources and
minimize the risk of data corruption.
5. Improved Collaboration: Team members can easily share and access organized files,
fostering better collaboration and productivity.

However, there are also some disadvantages:

1. Initial Setup Time: Organizing files can be time-consuming initially, requiring a well-
thought-out structure.
2. Maintenance Effort: Regular maintenance is necessary to keep files organized, which can be
resource-intensive.
3. Complexity for Large Systems: As the volume of data grows, maintaining an organized
system can become increasingly complex.
4. Potential for Over-organization: Overly detailed organization can lead to unnecessary
complexity, making it harder to find files.
5. Dependency on Consistency: The system relies heavily on users to consistently follow the
organization rules, which can be challenging.

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