Lua Roblox Scripting Basics
1. Lua Basics
Variables
Variables store data to be used in your script.
lua
local playerName = "Alex" -- String variable
local score = 100 -- Number variable
local isAlive = true -- Boolean variable
If-Else Statements
Control the flow of your script based on conditions.
lua
local health = 50
if health > 0 then
print("Player is alive!")
else
print("Player is dead!")
end
Loops
Execute code repeatedly using loops.
lua
for i = 1, 5 do
print("Iteration:", i)
end
Functions
Functions are reusable blocks of code.
lua
local function greetPlayer(name)
print("Welcome, " .. name .. "!")
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end
greetPlayer("Alex")
2. Roblox-Specific Scripting
Accessing Services and Instances
Interact with Roblox's object hierarchy.
lua
local part = game.Workspace.Part
part.BrickColor = BrickColor.new("Bright red")
Handling Events
Respond to actions, like touching a part.
lua
local part = game.Workspace.Part
part.Touched:Connect(function(hit)
print(hit.Name .. " touched the part!")
end)
Modifying Properties
Change object characteristics such as size and color.
lua
local part = game.Workspace.Part
part.Size = Vector3.new(4, 2, 4)
part.Anchored = true
3. Scripting with GUIs
Button Click Example
Perform actions when a player interacts with GUI elements.
lua
local button = game.StarterGui.ScreenGui.Button
button.MouseButton1Click:Connect(function()
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print("Button clicked!")
end)
4. Working with Objects
Cloning and Parenting
Clone objects and place them in specific locations.
lua
local original = game.Workspace.Part
local clone = original:Clone()
clone.Parent = game.Workspace
Spawning Parts
Dynamically create new objects in the game.
lua
local part = Instance.new("Part")
part.Size = Vector3.new(5, 1, 5)
part.Position = Vector3.new(0, 5, 0)
part.Parent = game.Workspace
5. Game Logic
Player Interaction
React to player actions like joining the game.
lua
game.Players.PlayerAdded:Connect(function(player)
print(player.Name .. " joined the game!")
end)
Leaderstats Example
Display player data like scores on a leaderboard.
lua
game.Players.PlayerAdded:Connect(function(player)
local leaderstats = Instance.new("Folder")
leaderstats.Name = "leaderstats"
leaderstats.Parent = player
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local score = Instance.new("IntValue")
score.Name = "Score"
score.Value = 0
score.Parent = leaderstats
end)
Timers and Cooldowns
Limit the frequency of an action.
lua
local cooldown = false
script.Parent.ClickDetector.MouseClick:Connect(function(player)
if not cooldown then
cooldown = true
print(player.Name .. " clicked!")
wait(5) -- Cooldown period
cooldown = false
end
end)
6. Advanced Concepts
Remote Events
Enable server-client communication.
Server Script (in ServerScriptService):
lua
local event = Instance.new("RemoteEvent", game.ReplicatedStorage)
event.Name = "CustomEvent"
event.OnServerEvent:Connect(function(player, message)
print(player.Name .. " says: " .. message)
end)
Local Script (in StarterPlayerScripts):
lua
local event = game.ReplicatedStorage:WaitForChild("CustomEvent")
event:FireServer("Hello from the client!")
Module Scripts
Organize reusable functions and data.
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Module Script (in ReplicatedStorage):
lua
local module = {}
function module.sayHello(name)
return "Hello, " .. name
end
return module
Using the Module Script:
lua
local module = require(game.ReplicatedStorage.ModuleScript)
print(module.sayHello("Alex"))
DataStore
Store and retrieve player data between sessions.
lua
local DataStoreService = game:GetService("DataStoreService")
local dataStore = DataStoreService:GetDataStore("PlayerData")
game.Players.PlayerAdded:Connect(function(player)
local data = dataStore:GetAsync(player.UserId) or 0
print(player.Name .. "'s data:", data)
end)
7. Debugging and Optimization
Debugging with `print()`
Identify issues in your code by logging messages.
lua
print("Script started!")
local part = game.Workspace:FindFirstChild("NonExistentPart")
if part then
print("Part found:", part.Name)
else
print("Part not found!")
end
Optimized Loops
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Improve performance by reducing redundant operations.
lua
local parts = game.Workspace:GetChildren()
for _, part in ipairs(parts) do
if part:IsA("Part") then
print("Found a part:", part.Name)
end
end
Let me know if you'd like more in-depth explanations or custom scripts!
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