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Curriculum Civil Engineering Technology 6

Civil Engineering (University of Nairobi)

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REPUBLIC OF KENYA

COMPETENCY BASED CURRICULUM

FOR

CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

LEVEL 6

TVET CDACC
P.O. BOX 15745-00100
NAIROBI

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First published 2019

© 2019TVET CDACC

All rights reserved. No part of this curriculum may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in
any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical
methods without the prior written permission of the TVET CDACC, except in the case of brief
quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other non-commercial uses permitted by
copyright law. For permission requests, write to the Council Secretary/CEO, at the address
below:

Council Secretary/CEO
TVET Curriculum Development, Assessment and Certification Council
P.O. Box 15745–00100
Nairobi, Kenya
Email: [email protected]

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FOREWORD
The provision of quality education and training is fundamental to the Government’s overall
strategy for social economic development. Quality education and training will contribute to
achievement of Kenya’s development blueprint and sustainable development goals.
Reforms in the education sector are necessary for the achievement of Kenya Vision 2030 and
meeting the provisions of the Constitution of Kenya 2010. The education sector had to be aligned
to the Constitution and this resulted to the formulation of the Policy Framework for Reforming
Education and Training (Sectional Paper No. 4 of 2016). A key feature of this policy is the
radical change in the design and delivery of the TVET training. This policy document requires
that training in TVET be competency based, curriculum development be industry led,
certification be based on demonstration of competence and mode of delivery allows for multiple
entry and exit in TVET programmes.
These reforms demand that Industry takes a leading role in curriculum development to ensure the
curriculum addresses its competence needs. It is against this background that this curriculum has
been developed.
It is my conviction that this curriculum will play a great role towards development of competent
human resource for the Building and Construction sector.

PRINCIPAL SECRETARY
VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL TRAINING
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

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PREFACE
Kenya Vision 2030 aims to transform the country into a newly industrializing, “middle-income
country providing a high-quality life to all its citizens by the year 2030”. Kenya intends to create
a globally competitive and adaptive human resource base to meet the requirements of a rapidly
industrializing economy through life-long education and training. TVET has a responsibility of
facilitating the process of inculcating knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary for catapulting
the nation to a globally competitive country, hence the paradigm shift to embrace Competency
Based Education and Training (CBET).
The Technical and Vocational Education and Training Act No. 29 of 2013 and Sectional Paper
No. 4 of 2016 on Reforming Education and Training in Kenya, emphasized the need to reform
curriculum development, assessment and certification. This called for a shift to CBET in order to
address the mismatch between skills acquired through training and skills needed by industry as
well as increase the global competitiveness of Kenyan labour force.
TVET Curriculum Development, Assessment and Certification Council (TVET CDACC) in
conjunction with Construction Sector Skills Advisory Committee (SSAC) have developed this
curriculum.
This curriculum is designed and organized with an outline of learning outcomes; Suggested
Methods of Instruction, training/learning resources and methods of assessing the trainee’s
achievement. The curriculum is competency-based and allows multiple entry and exit to the
course.
I am grateful to the Council members, Council Secretariat, Construction SSAC, expert workers
and all those who participated in the development of this curriculum.

CHAIRPERSON
TVET CDACC

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This curriculum has been designed for competency-based training and has independent units of
learning that allow the trainee flexibility in entry and exit. In developing the curriculum,
significant involvement and support was received from various organizations.
I recognize with appreciation the role of Construction Sector Skills Advisory Committee (SSAC)
members for their contribution to the development of this curriculum.
I also thank all stakeholders in the construction sector for their valuable input and all those who
participated in the process of developing this curriculum.
I am convinced that this curriculum will go a long way in ensuring that workers in the
Construction industry acquire competencies that will enable them to perform their work more
efficiently.

COUNCIL SECRETARY/CEO
TVET CDACC

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CONTENTS
FOREWORD.....................................................................................................................ii
PREFACE.........................................................................................................................iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT................................................................................................iv
ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYMS..........................................................................vii
KEY TO UNIT CODE....................................................................................................viii
COURSE OVERVIEW.....................................................................................................ix
BASIC UNITS OF LEARNING........................................................................................1
COMMUNICATION SKILLS....................................................................................................2
DIGITAL LITERACY................................................................................................................5
ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS.................................................................................................8
EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS....................................................................................................12
ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY............................................................................................19
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH PRACTICES...................................................24
COMMON UNITS OF LEARNING...............................................................................26
APPLIED MATHEMATICS.....................................................................................................27
TECHNICAL DRAWING........................................................................................................33
STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS...........................................................................36
MATERIAL SCIENCE.............................................................................................................39
WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY PRACTICES..........................................................................42
MEASUREMENT OF WORKS AND COST ESTIMATION.................................................47
WATER AND WASTEWATER TECHNOLOGY..................................................................49
WATER RESOURCES, WATER SERVICES AND SANITATION MANAGEMENT
PRINCIPLES.............................................................................................................................51
CORE UNITS OF LEARNING.......................................................................................57
MATERIAL TESTING.............................................................................................................58
HIGHWAY SURVEY...............................................................................................................62
BASIC PAVEMENT STRUCTURE DESIGN.........................................................................68
ROAD CONSTRUCTION WORKS.........................................................................................74

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ENGINEERING STRUCTURES DESIGN..............................................................................82

BUILDING DRAWINGS.........................................................................................................84
BUILDING WORKS.................................................................................................................87
WATER RESOURCES QUALITY MANAGEMENT............................................................94
DESIGN OF WASTEWATER COLLECTION AND TREATMENT INFRASTRUCTURE 97
CONSTRUCTION OF WASTEWATER INFRASTRUCTURE...........................................106
DESIGNING ONSITE SANITATION FACILITIES.............................................................113
CONSTRUCTION OF ONSITE SANITATION FACILITIES..............................................116
CIVIL ENGINEERING PROJECT MANAGEMENT...........................................................119

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ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYMS

CBET : Competency Based Education and Training
CDACC : Curriculum Development Assessment and Certification Council
CU : Curriculum
OSHA : Occupation Safety and Health Act
PPE : Personal Protective Equipment
SSAC : Sector Skills Advisory Committee
ENG : Engineering
MAR : Civil
BC : Basic Competency
CC : Common Competency
CR : Core Competency

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KEY TO UNIT CODE

CON/CU/CET/BC/01/6/A

Industry or sector

Occupational Standards

Occupational area

Type of competency

Competency number

Competency level

Version Control

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COURSE OVERVIEW
Brief description of the course:
The present curriculum presents a coherent and significant set of competences to acquire in order
to perform the occupation of a Civil Engineering level 6. The competency-based approach, used
to design the curriculum, is industry driven and has considered the training needs, the work
situation, as well as the goals and the means to implement training units of competencies.
The units of competencies, within the present curriculum, include a statement, description and a
set of expected outcomes and results at the end of the training of each unit. It also clearly
mentioned the training contents, the methods of training delivery, the methods of assessment, a
list of main materials/tools/equipment needed and a list of recommended resources for each of
the units.
The description of elements, methods of delivery and assessment and the lists of materials/tools
and equipment will have a direct influence on the choice of the theoretical and/or practical
learning activities and their respective timing. The competences are the targets of training: the
acquisition of each is required for certification.
The present curriculum consists of the following units of competencies:
Basic Units of Learning:
Unit of Learning Code Unit of Learning Title Duration Credit
in Hours Factor

ENG/CU/CET/BC/01/6/A Communication Skills 40 4

ENG/CU/CET/BC/02/6/A Digital Literacy 60 6

ENG/CU/CET/BC/03/6/A Entrepreneurial Skills 100 10

ENG/CU/CET/BC/04/6/A Employability Skills 80 8

ENG/CU/CET/BC/05/6/A Environmental literacy 40 4

ENG/CU/CET/BC/06/6/A Occupational Safety and Health 40 4

Practices
TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS 360 36

Common units of Learning:

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Unit of Learning Code Unit of Learning Title Duration Credit

in Hours Factor

ENG/CU/CET/CC/01/6/A Applied Mathematics 80 8

ENG/CU/CET/CC/02/6/A Technical Drawing 60 6

ENG/CU/CET/CC/03/6/A Structural Design and Analysis 70 7

ENG/CU/CET/CC/04/6/A Material Science 90 9

ENG/CU/CET/CC/05/6/A Workshop Technology Practices 130 13

ENG/CU/CET/CC/06/6/A Measurement Of Works and Cost 80 8

Estimation
ENG/CU/CET/CC/07/6/A Water And Wastewater Technology 120 12

ENG/CU/CET/CC/08/6/A Water Resources, Water Services

and Sanitation Management 120 12
Principles
TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS 750 75

Core Units of Learning:

Unit of Learning Code Unit of Learning Title Duration Credit

in Hours Factor
ENG/CU/CET/CR/ Material Testing
150 15
01/6/A
ENG/CU/CET/CR/ Highway Survey
190 19
02/6/A
ENG/CU/CET/CR/ Designing Pavement Structures
120 12
03/6/A
ENG/CU/CET/CR/ Road Construction Works
150 15
04/6/A
ENG/CU/CET/CR/ Design Of Engineering Structures
220 22
05/6/A
ENG/CU/CET/CR/ Building Drawings
200 20
06/6/A

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ENG/CU/CET/CR/ Building Works

200 20
07/6/A
ENG/CU/CET/CR/ Water Resource Quality
60 6
08/6/A Management

ENG/CU/CET/CR/ Design Of Wastewater Collection

200 20
09/6/A and Treatment Infrastructure

ENG/CU/CET/CR/ Construction Of Wastewater

180 18
10/6/A Infrastructure

ENG/CU/CET/CR/ Designing Onsite Sanitation

80 8
11/6/A Facilities

ENG/CU/CET/CR/ Construction Of Onsite Sanitation

80 8
12/6/A Facilities

ENG/CU/CET/CR/ Civil Engineering Project

120 12
13/6/A Management

Industrial Attachment 480 48

Total 2430 243
Grand Total 3540 354

1. Entry Requirements
An individual entering this course should have any of the following minimum
requirements:
a) Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E.) with a minimum mean grade of C-
(C minus)
Or

b) Level 5 certificate in Civil Engineering with one year of continuous work experience
Or

c) Equivalent qualifications as determined by Kenya National Qualifications Authority

(KNQA)

2. Trainer qualification
A trainer for this course should have a higher qualification than the level of this course.

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3. Assessment
The course will be assessed at two levels: internally and externally. Internal assessment is
continuous and is conducted by the trainer who is monitored by an internal accredited
verifier while external assessment is the responsibility of TVET CDACC.

4. Certification
A candidate will be issued with a record of Achievement on demonstration of
competence in a unit of competency. To attain the qualification national certificate in
Textile Technology Level 6, the candidate must demonstrate competence in all the units
of competency as given in qualification pack. TVET CDACC will issue these certificates
in conjunction with training provider.

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BASIC UNITS OF LEARNING

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COMMUNICATION SKILLS

UNIT CODE: CON/CU/CET/BC/01/6/A

Relationship to Occupational Standards

This unit addresses the Unit of Competency: Demonstrate Communication Skills

Duration of Unit: 40 hours

Unit Description
This unit covers the competencies required to demonstrate communication skills. It
involves, meeting communication needs of clients and colleagues; developing
communication strategies, establishing and maintaining communication pathways,
conducting interviews, facilitating group discussion and representing the organization.

Summary of Learning Outcomes

1. Meet communication needs of clients and colleagues
2. Develop communication strategies
3. Establish and maintain communication pathways
4. Promote use of communication strategies
5. Conduct interview
6. Facilitate group discussion
7. Represent the organization
Learning Outcomes, Content and Suggested Assessment Methods
Learning Outcome Content Suggested
Assessment Methods
1. Meet  Communication process  Interview
communication  Modes of communication  Written texts
needs of clients and  Medium of communication
colleagues  Effective communication
 Barriers to communication
 Flow of communication
 Sources of information
 Organizational policies
 Organization requirements for
written and electronic
communication methods
 Report writing

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 Effective questioning
techniques (clarifying and
probing)
 Workplace etiquette
 Ethical work practices in
handling communication
 Active listening
 Feedback
 Interpretation
 Flexibility in communication
 Types of communication
strategies
 Elements of communication
strategy
2. Develop  Dynamics of groups  Interview
communication  Styles of group leadership  Written texts
strategies  Openness and flexibility in
communication
 Communication skills
relevant to client groups
3. Establish and  Types of communication  Interview
maintain pathways  Written texts
communication
pathways
4. Promote use of  Application of elements of  Interview
communication communication strategies  Written texts
strategies  Effective communication
techniques
5. Conduct interview  Types of interview  Interview
 Establishing rapport  Written texts
 Facilitating resolution of
issues
 Developing action plans
6. Facilitate group  Identification of  Interview
discussion communication needs  Written texts
 Dynamics of groups
 Styles of group leadership
 Presentation of information

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 Encouraging group members

participation
 Evaluating group
communication strategies
7. Represent the  Presentation techniques  Interview
organization  Development of a  Written texts
presentation
 Multi-media utilization in
presentation
 Communication skills
relevant to client groups

Suggested Methods of Instruction

 Discussion
 Role playing
 Simulation
 Direct instruction

Recommended Resources
 Desktop computers/laptops
 Internet connection
 Projectors
 Telephone

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DIGITAL LITERACY

UNIT CODE:CON/CU/CET/BC/02/6/A

Relationship to Occupational Standards

This unit addresses the Unit of Competency: Demonstrate Digital Literacy

Duration of Unit: 60 hours

Unit Description
This unit describes competencies required to demonstrate digital literacy. It involves in
identifying computer software and hardware, applying security measures to data,
hardware, software in automated environment, computer software in solving task,
internet and email in communication at workplace, desktop publishing in official
assignments and preparing presentation packages.

Summary of Learning Outcomes

1. Identify computer software and hardware
2. Apply security measures to data, hardware, software in automated environment
3. Apply computer software in solving tasks
4. Apply internet and email in communication at workplace
5. Apply desktop publishing in official assignments
6. Prepare presentation packages

Learning Outcomes, Content and Suggested Assessment Methods

Learning Outcome Content Suggested
Assessment Methods
1. Identify computer  Concepts of ICT  Written tests
hardware and  Functions of ICT  Oral
software  History of computers presentation
 Components of a computer
 Classification of computers
2. Apply security  Data security and control  Written tests
measures to data,  Security threats and control  Oral
hardware, software measures presentation
in automated  Types of computer crimes  Project
environment  Detection and protection
against computer crimes

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 Laws governing protection

of ICT
3. Apply computer  Operating system  Oral
software in solving  Word processing questioning
tasks  Spread sheets  Project
 Data base design and
manipulation
 Data manipulation, storage
and retrieval
4. Apply internet and  Computer networks  Oral
email in  Network configurations questioning
communication at  Uses of internet  Written report
workplace  Electronic mail (e-mail)
concept
5. Apply desktop  Concept of desktop  Oral
publishing in publishing questioning
official  Opening publication  Written report
assignments window  Project
 Identifying different tools
and tool bars
 Determining page layout
 Opening, saving and closing
files
 Drawing various shapes
using DTP
 Using colour pellets to
enhance a document
 Inserting text frames
 Importing and exporting text
 Object linking and
embedding
 Designing of various
publications
 Printing of various
publications
6. Prepare  Types of presentation  Oral
presentation packages questioning
packages  Procedure of creating slides  Written report

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 Formatting slides  Project

 Presentation of slides
 Procedure for editing
objects

Suggested Methods of Instruction

 Instructor led facilitation of theory
 Demonstration by trainer
 Practical work by trainee
 Viewing of related videos
 Project
 Group discussions

Recommended Resources
 Computers
 Printers
 Storage devices
 Internet access

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ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS
UNIT CODE: CON/CU/CET/BC/03/6/A

Relationship to Occupational Standards

This unit addresses the Unit of Competency: Demonstrate Entrepreneurial Skills

Duration of unit: 100 hours

Unit Description
This unit covers the competencies required to demonstrate understanding of
entrepreneurship. It involves demonstrating understanding of an entrepreneur,
entrepreneurship and self-employment. It also involves identifying entrepreneurship
opportunities, creating entrepreneurial awareness, applying entrepreneurial motivation and
developing business innovative strategies.

Summary of Learning Outcomes

1. Demonstrate understanding of who an entrepreneur
2. Demonstrate knowledge of entrepreneurship and self-employment
3. Identify entrepreneurship opportunities
4. Create entrepreneurial awareness
5. Apply entrepreneurial motivation
6. Develop business innovative strategies
7. Develop Business plan

Suggested Assessment
Learning Outcome Content Methods

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1. Demonstrate  Importance of self-  Individual/group

knowledge of employment assignments
entrepreneurship and  Requirements for entry into
 Projects
self-employment self-employment
 Role of an Entrepreneur in  Written tests
business  Oral questions
 Contributions of  Third party report
Entrepreneurs to National
development
 Entrepreneurship culture in
Kenya
 Born or made entrepreneurs

2. Identify  Business ideas and  Individual/group

entrepreneurship opportunities assignments
opportunities  Sources of business ideas
 Projects
 Business life cycle
 Legal aspects of business  Written tests
 Assessment of product  Oral questions
demand  Third party report
 Business environment
 Interviews
 Factors to consider when
evaluating business
environment
 Technology in business

3. Create  Forms of businesses  Individual/group

entrepreneurial  Sources of business finance assignments
awareness  Factors in selecting source of
 Projects
business finance
 Governing policies on Small  Written tests
Scale Enterprises (SSEs)  Oral questions
 Problems of starting and  Third party report
operating SSEs
 Interviews

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4. Apply  Internal and external  Case studies

entrepreneurial motivation
 Individual/group
motivation  Motivational theories
assignments
 Self-assessment
 Projects
 Entrepreneurial orientation
 Written tests
 Effective communications in
 Oral questions
entrepreneurship
 Third party report
 Principles of communication
 Interviews
 Entrepreneurial motivation

5. Develop business  Innovation in business  Case studies

innovative strategies  Small business Strategic Plan
 Individual/group
 Creativity in business
assignments
development
 Projects
 Linkages with other
 Written tests
entrepreneurs
 Oral questions
 ICT in business growth and
 Third party report
development
 Interviews

6. Develop Business  Business description  Case studies

Plan  Marketing plan
 Individual/group
 Organizational/Management
assignments
 plan
 Projects
 Production/operation plan
 Written tests
 Financial plan
 Oral questions
 Executive summary
 Third party report
 Presentation of Business Plan
 Interviews

Suggested Methods of Instruction

 Direct instruction
 Project
 Case studies
 Field trips
 Discussions
 Demonstration

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 Question and answer

 Problem solving
 Experiential
 Team training

Recommended Resources
 Case studies
 Business plan templates
 Computers
 Overhead projectors
 Internet
 Mobile phone
 Video clips
 Films
 Newspapers and Handouts
 Business Journals
 Writing materials

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EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS
UNIT CODE: CON/CU/CET/BC/04/6/A

Relationship to Occupational Standards

This unit addresses the Unit of Competency: Demonstrate Employability Skills

Duration of Unit: 80 hours

Unit Description
This unit covers competencies required to demonstrate employability skills. It involves
conducting self-management, demonstrating interpersonal communication, critical safe
work habits, leading a workplace team, planning and organizing work, maintaining
professional growth and development, demonstrating workplace learning, problem
solving skills and managing ethical performance.

Summary of Learning Outcomes

1. Conduct self-management
2. Demonstrate interpersonal communication
3. Demonstrate critical safe work habits
4. Lead a workplace team
5. Plan and organize work
6. Maintain professional growth and development
7. Demonstrate workplace learning
8. Demonstrate problem solving skills
9. Manage ethical performance

Learning Outcomes, Content and Suggested Assessment Methods

Learning Outcome Content Suggested
Assessment Methods
1. Conduct self-  Self-awareness  Written tests
management  Formulating personal vision,  Oral
mission and goals questioning
 Strategies for overcoming  Interviewing
life challenges  Portfolio of
 Managing emotions evidence
 Emotional intelligence  Third party
 Assertiveness versus

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aggressiveness report
 Expressing personal
thoughts, feelings and
beliefs
 Developing and maintaining
high self-esteem
 Developing and maintaining
positive self-image
 Setting performance targets
 Monitoring and evaluating
performance
 Articulating ideas and
aspirations
 Accountability and
responsibility
 Good work habits
 Self-awareness
 Values and beliefs
 Self-development
 Financial literacy
 Healthy lifestyle practices
 Adopting safety practices
2. Demonstrate  Meaning of interpersonal  Written tests
interpersonal communication  Oral
communication  Listening skills questioning
 Types of audience  Interviewing
 Public speaking  Portfolio of
 Writing skills evidence
 Negotiation skills  Third party
 Reading skills report
 Meaning of empathy
 Understanding customers’
needs
 Establishing communication
networks
 Assertiveness
 Sharing information
3. Demonstrate  Stress and stress  Written tests

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critical safe work management  Oral

habits  Time concept questioning
 Punctuality and time  Interviewing
consciousness  Portfolio of
 Leisure evidence
 Integrating personal  Third party
objectives into report
organizational objectives
 Resources mobilization
 Resources utilization
 Setting work priorities
 Developing healthy
relationships
 HIV and AIDS
 Drug and substance abuse
 Managing emerging issues
4. Lead a workplace  Leadership qualities  Written tests
team  Power and authority  Oral
 Team building questioning
 Determination of team roles  Interviewing
and objectives  Portfolio of
 Team parameters and evidence
relationships  Third party
 Individual responsibilities in report
a team
 Forms of communication
 Complementing team
activities
 Gender and gender
mainstreaming
 Human rights
 Developing healthy
relationships
 Maintaining relationships
 Conflicts and conflict
resolution
 Coaching and mentoring
skills

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5. Plan and organize  Functions of management  Written tests

work  Planning  Oral
 Organizing questioning
 Time management  Interviewing
 Decision making concept  Portfolio of
 Task allocation evidence
 Developing work plans  Third party
 Developing work report
goals/objectives and
deliverables
 Monitoring work activities
 Evaluating work activities
 Resource mobilization
 Resource allocation
 Resource utilization
 Proactive planning
 Risk evaluation
 Problem solving
 Collecting, analysing and
organising information
 Negotiation
6. Maintain  Avenues for professional  Written tests
professional growth  Oral
growth and  Training and career questioning
development opportunities  Interviewing
 Assessing training needs  Portfolio of
 Mobilizing training evidence
resources  Third party
 Licenses and certifications report
for professional growth and
development
 Pursuing personal and
organizational goals
 Managing work priorities
and commitments
 Recognizing career
advancement
7. Demonstrate  Managing own learning  Written tests

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workplace  Mentoring  Oral

learning  Coaching questioning
 Contributing to the learning  Interviewing
community at the workplace  Portfolio of
 Cultural aspects of work evidence
 Networking  Third party
 Variety of learning context report
 Application of learning
 Safe use of technology
 Taking initiative/proactivity
 Flexibility
 Identifying opportunities
 Generating new ideas
 Workplace innovation
 Performance improvement
 Managing emerging issues
 Future trends and concerns
in learning
8. Demonstrate  Critical thinking process  Written tests
problem solving  Data analysis tools  Oral
skills  Decision making questioning
 Creative thinking  Interviewing
 Development of creative,  Portfolio of
innovative and practical evidence
solutions  Third party
 Independence in identifying report
and solving problems
 Solving problems in teams
 Application of problem-
solving strategies
 Testing assumptions
 Resolving customer
concerns
9. Manage ethical  Meaning of ethics  Written tests
performance  Ethical perspectives  Oral
 Principles of ethics questioning
 Ethical standards  Interviewing
 Organization code of ethics  Portfolio of

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 Common ethical dilemmas evidence

 Organization culture  Third party
 Corruption, bribery and report
conflict of interest
 Privacy and data protection
 Diversity, harassment and
mutual respect
 Financial
responsibility/accountability
 Etiquette
 Personal and professional
integrity
 Commitment to
jurisdictional laws
 Emerging issues in ethics

Suggested Methods of Instruction

 Demonstrations
 Simulation/Role play
 Group Discussion
 Presentations
 Assignments
 Q&A

Recommended Resources
 Computers
 Stationery
 Charts
 Video clips
 Audio tapes
 Radio sets
 TV sets
 LCD projectors

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ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY

UNIT CODE: CON/CU/CET/BC/05/6/A

Relationship to Occupational Standards:

This unit addresses the Unit of Competency: Demonstrate Environmental Literacy

Duration of Unit: 40 hours

Unit Description
This unit describes the competencies required demonstrate environmental literacy.it
involves controlling environmental hazard, controlling environmental pollution,
complying with workplace sustainable resource use, evaluating current practices in
relation to resource usage, identifying environmental legislations/conventions for
environmental concerns, implementing specific environmental programs, monitoring
activities on environmental protection/programs, analysing resource use and developing
resource conservation plans.

Summary of Learning Outcomes

1. Control environmental hazard
2. Control environmental Pollution
3. Demonstrate sustainable resource use
4. Evaluate current practices in relation to resource usage
5. Identify Environmental legislations/conventions for environmental concerns
6. Implement specific environmental programs
7. Monitor activities on Environmental protection/Programs
8. Analyze resource use
9. Develop resource conservation plans

Learning Outcomes, Content and Suggested Assessment Methods

Suggested
Learning Outcome Content Assessment
Methods
1. Control environmental  Purposes and content of  Written
hazard Environmental Management questions
and Coordination Act 1999  Oral questions
 Storage methods for

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environmentally hazardous
materials
 Disposal methods of
hazardous wastes
 Types and uses of PPE in
line with environmental
regulations
 Occupational Safety and
Health Standards (OSHS)
2. Control environmental  Types of pollution  Written
Pollution control  Environmental pollution questions
control measures  Oral questions
 Types of solid wastes  Role play
 Procedures for solid waste
management
 Different types of noise
pollution
 Methods for minimizing
noise pollution

3. Demonstrate  Types of resources  Written

sustainable resource use  Techniques in measuring questions
current usage of resources  Oral questions
 Calculating current usage of  Role play
resources
 Methods for minimizing
wastage
 Waste management
procedures
 Principles of 3Rs (Reduce,
Reuse, Recycle)
 Methods for economizing or
reducing resource
consumption
4. Evaluate current  Collection of information on  Written
practices in relation to environmental and resource questions
resource usage efficiency systems and  Oral questions
procedures,  Role play

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 Measurement and recording

of current resource usage
 Analysis and recording of
current purchasing strategies.
 Analysis of current work
processes to access
information and data
 Identification of areas for
improvement

5. Identify Environmental  Environmental  Written

legislations/conventions issues/concerns questions
for environmental  Environmental legislations  Oral questions
concerns /conventions and local
ordinances
 Industrial standard
/environmental practices
 International Environmental
Protocols (Montreal, Kyoto)
 Features of an environmental
strategy
6. Implement specific  Community needs and  Written
environmental expectations questions
programs  Resource availability  Oral questions
 5s of good housekeeping  Role play
 Identification of
programs/Activities
 Setting of individual
roles /responsibilities
 Resolving problems
/constraints encountered
 Consultation with
stakeholders
7. Monitor activities on  Periodic monitoring and  Oral questions
Environmental Evaluation of activities  Written tests
protection/Programs  Gathering feedback from  Practical test
stakeholders
 Analyzing data gathered

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 Documentation of
recommendations and
submission
 Setting of management
support systems to sustain
and enhance the program
 Monitoring and reporting of
environmental incidents to
concerned /proper authorities
8. Analyze resource use  Identification of resource  Written tests
consuming processes  Oral questions
 Determination of quantity  Practical test
and nature of resource
consumed
 Analysis of resource flow
through different parts of
the process.
 Classification of wastes for
possible source of resources.

9. Develop resource  Determination of efficiency  Written tests

Conservation plans of use/conversion of  Oral questions
resources  Practical test
 Causes of low efficiency of
use of resources
 Plans for increasing the
efficiency of resource use

Suggested Methods of Instruction

 Instructor led facilitation of theory
 Practical demonstration of tasks by trainer
 Practice by trainees
 Observations and comments and corrections by trainers

Recommended Resources
 Standard operating and/or other workplace procedures manuals
 Specific job procedures manuals

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 Environmental Management and Coordination Act 1999

 Machine/equipment manufacturer’s specifications and instructions
 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
 ISO standards
 Ccompany environmental management systems (EMS)
 Montreal Protocol
 Kyoto Protocol

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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH PRACTICES

UNIT CODE: CON/CU/CET/BC/06/6/A

Relationship to Occupational Standards

This unit addresses the unit of competency: Demonstrate Occupational Safety and Health
Practices

Duration of Unit: 40 hours

Unit Description
This unit specifies the competencies required to demonstrate occupational health and
safety practices. It involves identifying workplace hazards and risk, identifying and
implementing appropriate control measures to hazards and risks and implementing OSH
programs, procedures and policies/guidelines.

Summary of Learning Outcomes

1. Identify workplace hazards and risk
2. Control OSH hazards
3. Implement OSH programs

Learning Outcomes, Content and Suggested Assessment Methods

Learning Outcome Content Suggested
Assessment Methods
1. Identify workplace  Identification of hazards in  Oral questions
hazards and risks the workplace and/or the  Written tests
indicators of their presence  Portfolio of
 Evaluation and/or work evidence
environment measurements  Third party
of OSH hazards/risk report
existing in the workplace
 Gathering of OSH issues
and/or concerns
2. Control OSH  Prevention and control  Oral questions
hazards measures e.g. use of PPE  Written tests
 Risk assessment  Portfolio of
 Contingency measures evidence

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 Third party
report
3. Implement OSH  Company OSH program,  Oral questions
programs evaluation and review  Written tests
 Implementation of OSH  Portfolio of
programs evidence
 Training of team members  Third party
and advice on OSH report
standards and procedures
 Implementation of
procedures for maintaining
OSH-related records

Suggested Methods of Instruction

 Assigments
 Discussion
 Q&A
 Role play
 Viewing of related videos

Recommended Resources
 Standard operating and/or other workplace procedures manuals
 Specific job procedures manuals
 Machine/equipment manufacturer’s specifications and instructions
 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) e.g.
 Mask
 Face mask/shield
 Safety boots
 Safety harness
 Arm/Hand guard, gloves
 Eye protection (goggles, shield)
 Hearing protection (ear muffs, ear plugs)
 Hair Net/cap/bonnet
 Hard hat
 Face protection (mask, shield)
 Apron/Gown/coverall/jump suit
 Anti-static suits
 High-visibility reflective vest

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COMMON UNITS OF LEARNING

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APPLIED MATHEMATICS

UNIT CODE: CON/CU/CET/CC/01/6/A

Relationship to Occupational Standards

This unit addresses the unit of competency: Apply mathematical skills

Duration of Unit: 80 hours

Unit Description

This unit describes the competencies required by a technician in order to apply a wide
range of mathematical skills in their work; apply ratios and proportions to solve
problems; use algebraic and graphical techniques to analyse mathematical problems;
apply concepts of probability; perform commercial calculations and collect, organise and
analyse statistical data.

Summary of Learning Outcomes

1. Apply Algebra
2. Apply Trigonometry and hyperbolic functions
3. Apply complex numbers
4. Apply Coordinate Geometry
5. Carry out Binomial Expansion
6. Apply Calculus
7. Solve Ordinary differential equations
8. Carry out Mensuration
9. Apply Power Series
10. Apply Statistics
11. Apply Latitudes and Longitudes
12. Apply Vector theory
13. Apply Matrix
14. Apply Numerical methods
Learning Outcomes, Content and Suggested Assessment Methods

Learning Outcome Content Suggested Assessment

Methods

1. Apply Algebra  Base and Index  Written tests

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 Law of indices  Oral questioning

 Indicial equations  Assignments
 Laws of logarithm  Supervised
 Logarithmic equations exercises
 Conversion of bases 
 Use of calculator
 Reduction of equations
 Solution of equations reduced to
quadratic form
 Solutions of simultaneous linear
equations in three unknowns
 Solutions of problems involving
AP and GP

 Half -angle formula  Written tests

2. Apply
 Factor formula  Oral questioning
Trigonometry
 Trigonometric functions  Assignments
and hyperbolic
 Parametric equations  Supervised
functions
 Relative and absolute measures exercises
 Measures calculation 
 Definition of hyperbolic 
equations
 Properties of hyperbolic
functions
 Evaluations of hyperbolic
functions Hyperbolic identities
 Osborne’s Rule
 Ashx+bshx=C equation
 One-to-one relationship in
functions
 Inverse functions for one-to-one
relationship
 Inverse functions for
trigonometric functions
 Graph of inverse functions
 Inverse hyperbolic functions
 Definition of complex numbers  Assignments
3. Apply complex
 Stating complex numbers in  Oral questioning
numbers

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numbers in terms of conjugate  Supervised

argument and exercises
 Modulus  Written tests
 Representation of complex
numbers on the Argand diagram
 Arithmetic operation of complex
numbers Application of De
Moivre’s theorem
 Application of complex numbers
to engineering

 Polar equations  Assignments

4. Apply
 Cartesian equation  Oral questioning
Coordinate
 Graphs of polar equations  Practical tests
Geometry
 Normal and tangents  Observation
 Definition of a point  Supervised
 Locus of a point in relation to a exercises
circle  Written tests
 Loci of points for given
mechanism

5. Carry out  Binomial theorem Power series  Assignments

Binomial using binomial theorem Roots of  Supervised
Expansion numbers using binomial theorem. exercises
 Estimation of errors of small  Written tests
changes using binomial theorem

 Definition of derivatives of a  Assignments

6. Apply calculus
function  Supervised
 Differentiation from fist principle exercises
 Tables of some common  Written tests
derivatives 
 Rules of differentiation
 Rate of change and small change
 Stationery points of functions of
two variables
 Definition of integration
 Indefinite and definite integral
 Methods of integration

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application of integration.
 Integrals of hyperbolic and
inverse functions

 Types of first order differential  Assignments

7. Solve Ordinary
equations  Oral questioning
differential
 Formation of first order  Supervised
equations
differential equation exercises
 Solution of first order differential  Written tests
equations 
 Application of first order
differential equations
 Formation of second order
differential equations for various
systems
 Solution of second order
differential equations
 Application of second order
differential equations

8. Carry out  Units of measurements  Assignments

Mensuration  Perimeter and areas of regular  Supervised
figures exercises
 Volume of regular solids  Written tests
 Surface area of regular solids 
 Area of irregular figures
 Areas and volumes using Pappus
theorem

 Definition of the term power  Written tests

9. Apply Power
series  Assignments
Series
 Taylor’s theorem  Supervised
 Deduction of Maclaurin’s exercises
theorem to obtain power series 
 Application of Taylor’s theorem 
and Maclaurin’s theorems in
numerical work

10. Apply Statistics  Classification of data  Oral questioning

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 Grouped data  Written tests

 Ungrouped data  Assignments
 Data collection  Supervised
 Tabulation of data exercises
 Class intervals
 Class boundaries
 Frequency tables
 Diagrammatic and graphical
presentation of data e.g.
 Histograms
 Frequency polygons
 Bar charts
 Pie charts
 Cumulative frequency curves
 Measures of central tendency
mean, mode and median
 Measures of dispersion
 Variance and standard deviation
 Definition of probability
 Laws of probability
 Expectation variance and S.D.
 Types of distributions
 Mean, variance and SD of
probability distributions
 Application of probability
distributions
 Standard normal tables
 Sampling distributions
 Rank correlation coefficient

11. Apply Latitudes  Latitudes and longitudes  Assignments

and Longitudes  The equator and the Greenwich  Oral questioning
meridian  Supervised
 Distance between two points exercises
along small and great circle  Written tests
 Time between longitude

 speed

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12. Apply Vector  Vectors and scalar in two and  Assignments

theory three dimensions  Oral questioning
 Operations on vectors: Addition  Supervised
and Subtraction exercises
 Position vectors  Written tests
 Resolution of vectors

13. Apply Matrix  Matrix operation  Assignments

methods  Determinant of 3x3 matrix  Oral questioning
 Inverse of 3x3 matrix  Supervised
 Solution of linear simultaneous exercises
equations in 3 unknowns  Written tests
 Application of matrices

14. Apply Numerical  Definition of interpolation and  Assignments

methods extrapolation  Oral questioning
 Application of interpolation  Supervised
 Application of interactive exercises
methods to solve equations  Written tests
 Application of interactive
methods to areas and volumes

Suggested Methods of Instruction

 Group discussions
 Demonstration by trainer
 Exercises by trainee

Recommended Resources
 Scientific Calculators
 Rulers, pencils, erasers
 Charts with presentations of data
 Graph books
 Dice
 Computers with internet connection

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TECHNICAL DRAWING

UNIT CODE: CON/CU/CET/CC/02/6/A

Relationship to Occupational Standards

This unit addresses the unit of competency: Prepare and interpret technical drawings
Duration of Unit: 60 hours
Unit Description
This unit covers the competencies required to prepare and interpret technical drawings. It
involves competencies to select, use and maintain drawing equipment and materials. It
also involves producing plain geometry drawings, solid geometry drawings, pictorial and
orthographic drawings of components and application of Computer Aided Design (CAD)
packages.
Summary of Learning Outcomes

1. Use and maintain drawing equipment and materials

2. Produce plane geometry drawings
3. Produce solid geometry drawings
4. Produce pictorial and orthographic drawings of components
5. Apply CAD packages
Learning Outcomes, Content and Suggested Assessment Methods:
Learning Outcome Content Suggested
Assessment Methods

 Identification and care of  Observation

1. Use and
maintain drawing equipment  Oral questioning
 Identification and care of  Written tests
drawing
equipment and drawing materials 
 Reference to manufacturer’s
materials
instructions and work place
procedures on use and
maintenance of drawing
equipment and materials
 Reference to relevant
environmental legislations
 Use of Personal Protective

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Learning Outcome Content Suggested

Assessment Methods

Equipment (PPEs)
 Types of lines in drawings  Oral questioning
2. Produce plane
 Construction of geometric  Practical tests
geometry
drawings forms e.g. squares, circles  Observation
 Construction of different angles 
 Measurement of different
angles
 Bisection of different angles
and lines
 Standard drawing conventions
 Interpretation of sketches and  Observation
3. Produce solid
drawings of patterns e.g.  Practical tests
geometry
cylinders, prisms and pyramids  Oral questioning
drawings
 Sectioning of solids e.g. prisms, 
cones 
 Development and
interpenetrations of solids e.g.
cylinder to cylinder and
cylinder to triangular, prism
 Meaning of pictorial and  Observation
4. Produce
orthographic drawings  Practical tests
orthographic
 Meaning of sectioning  Oral questioning
drawings
 Meaning of symbols and
abbreviations
 Drawing and interpretation of
orthographic elevations
 Dimensioning of orthographic
elevations
 Sectioning of views
 Meaning of pictorial drawings  Observation
5. Produce
 Drawing objects in isometric  Oral questioning
pictorial
view  Practical tests
drawings
 Drawing objects in oblique
view
 Identification of CAD packages  Observation
6. Apply CAD

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Learning Outcome Content Suggested

Assessment Methods

e.g. AutoCAD, circuit maker  Oral questioning

packages
 Use of CAD packages in  Practical tests
drawing of:
o Plane geometry
o Solid
o Orthographic
o Pictorial

Suggested Methods of Instruction

 Projects
 Demonstration by trainer
 Practice by the trainee
 Discussions
Recommended Resources
 Drawing room
 Drawing instruments e.g. T-squares, set squares, drawing sets
 Drawing tables
 Pencils, papers, erasers
 Masking tapes
 Computers installed with relevant CAD packages

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STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS

UNIT CODE: CON/CU/CET/CC/03/6/A

Relationship to Occupational Standards

This unit addresses the unit of competency: Perform Structural Design and Analysis
Duration of Unit: 70 Hours
Unit Description
This Unit describes the competencies required to Perform Structural Design and
Analysis. It involves analysing structural designs, designing structural elements,
preparing structural drawings interpreting structural drawings and applying structural
drawings
Summary of Learning Outcomes
1 Analyse structural elements
2 Design structural elements
3 Prepare structural drawings
4 Interpret structural drawings
5 Apply and use structural drawings

Learning Outcomes, Content and Suggested Assessment Methods

Learning Outcome Content Suggested
Assessment Methods

1 Analyse structural
 Analyses of structural elements  Written tests
elements
 Preparation of sketches  Oral
 Determination of maximum  Practical/Projects
moments
 Structural designs
2 Design structural  Structural designs
 Written tests
elements  Methods of designs
 Oral
 Design codes
 Practical/Projects
 Design tools and equipment
 Structural elements designs
 Schedules for different elements

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3 Prepare structural
 Drawing tools and equipment  Written tests
drawings
 Methods of drawing  Oral
 Standard structural drawings  Practical/Projects
 Preparation of material
schedules
4 Interpret structural
 Identification of project  Written tests
drawings
 Structural drawings  Oral
 Steel and material schedules  Practical/Projects
preparation
 Standard construction
procedures
5 Apply and use
 Interpretation of drawings  Written tests
structural drawings
 Statutory requirements  Oral
 Foundation engineering  Practical/Projects
 Preparation of structural
elements
 Development of working
drawing, steel schedules and
materials schedules

Suggested Methods of Instruction

 Demonstration by trainer
 Practical work by trainee
 Demonstration videos
 Projects
 Group discussions
 Industrial attachment

Recommended Resources
 Computers
 Office equipment
 Calculators
 Scale rule
 Computer software
 Design codes (British standards)
 Stationery

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 Standard design manuals

 Dust coat
 First aid kit

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MATERIAL SCIENCE

UNIT CODE: CON/CU/CET/CC/04/6/A

Relationship to Occupational Standards

This unit addresses the unit of competency: Apply Construction Materials Science
Duration of Unit: 90 Hours
Unit Description
This unit describes the competence in applying building materials science. It involves
identifying essential construction materials, selecting quality construction materials,
testing construction materials and demonstrating knowledge in use of construction
materials.
Summary of Learning Outcomes
1. Identify essential construction materials
2. Identify properties of construction materials
3. Manufacture construction materials
4. Select quality construction materials
5. Use construction materials appropriately
6. Test construction materials
7. Handle construction materials safely
Learning Outcomes, Content and Suggested Assessment Methods
Learning Outcome Content Suggested
Assessment Methods

 Engineering drawings  Written tests

1. Identify essential
interpretation  Oral
construction
 Bills of quantities  Practical
materials
 Construction materials tests/Project
 Physical properties of  Written tests
2. Identify properties
construction materials  Oral
of construction
 Chemical properties of  Practical
materials
construction materials tests/Project
 Mechanical properties of
construction materials
 Raw materials used in  Written tests
3. Manufacture

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manufacturing construction  Oral

construction
materials  Practical
materials
 Procedures of manufacturing tests/Project
construction materials
 Plant and equipment used in
manufacturing construction
materials
 Properties of quality  Written tests
4. Select quality
construction materials  Oral
construction
 Construction materials Cost and  Practical
materials
quality relationship tests/Project
 Selection of Construction
materials
 Construction methods and  Written tests
5. Use construction
processes  Oral
materials
 Appropriate use of construction  Practical
appropriately
materials tests/Project
 Materials testing parameters  Written tests
6. Test construction
 Destructive tests  Oral
materials
 Non-destructive tests  Practical
 Materials testing procedures tests/Project
 Quality assurance and control
 User safety in handling  Written tests
7. Handle construction
construction materials  Oral
materials safely
 Construction Materials handling  Practical
and storage tests/Project

Suggested Methods of Instruction

 Demonstration by trainer
 Practical work by trainee
 Demonstration videos
 Projects
 Field trips
 Trainee group discussions

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Recommended Resources
 Computer
 Laboratory testing equipment
 Laboratory apparatus
 Hand tools
 Machine tools
 Computer software
 Construction materials
 Computers
 Stationery
 Manufacturer’s catalogues
 Safety boots
 Goggles
 Gas masks
 Helmets
 Gloves
 Dust coats
 First aid kit
 Ear muffs
 Dust masks
 Overalls

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WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY PRACTICES

UNIT CODE: CON/CU/CET/CC/05/6/A

Relationship to Occupational Standards

This unit addresses the unit of competency: Apply Workshop Technology Practices
Duration of Unit: 130 Hours
Unit Description
This unit describes the competence in applying workshop technology practices. It entails
performing masonry, plumbing and carpentry tasks. It also involves performing electrical
and mechanical operations.
Summary of Learning Outcomes
1. Perform masonry tasks
2. Perform plumbing tasks
3. Perform carpentry tasks
4. Perform electrical operations
5. Perform mechanical operations
Learning Outcomes, Content and Suggested Assessment Methods
Learning Outcome Content Suggested
Assessment Methods

 Masonry workshop safety  Written tests

1. Perform masonry
requirements  Oral
tasks
 Masonry hand tools  Practical
 Masonry machine tools tests/Project
 Maintenance of masonry tools
 Use of masonry tools
 Plumbing workshop safety  Written tests
2. Perform plumbing
requirements  Oral
tasks
 Plumbing hand tools  Practical
 Plumbing machine tools tests/Project
 Maintenance of Plumbing tools
 Use of Plumbing tools
 Carpentry workshop safety  Written tests
3. Perform carpentry
requirements  Oral

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 Carpentry hand tools  Practical

tasks
 Carpentry machine tools tests/Project
 Maintenance of Carpentry tools
 Use of Carpentry tools
 Electrical workshop safety  Written tests
4. Perform electrical
requirements  Oral
operations
 Measurement of electrical  Practical
quantities tests/Project
 IEE regulations
 Electrical conventional tools
 Installation of basic electrical
circuits
 Renewable energy
 Power supply

 Mechanical workshop safety  Written tests

5. Perform mechanical
requirements  Oral
operations
 Mechanical hand tools  Practical
 Use of mechanical tools tests/Project
 Diesel and petrol engines
 Water pumps
 Maintenance of engines and
water pumps

Suggested Methods of Instruction

 Demonstration by trainer
 Practical work by trainee
 Demonstration videos
 Field trips
 Trainee group discussions

Recommended Resources
 Masons trowel
 Wood float
 Cold chisels

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 Masons square
 Spade
 Shovel
 Plumb bob
 Concrete mixer
 Block cutter
 Vibrator
 Pneumatic hammer
 Compactors
 Bench shears
 Anvil
 Pipe wrench
 Pliers
 Bending machine
 Welding
 Sheet metal holding machine
 Portable power drill
 Saws
 Planes
 Hammer
 Carpenter square
 Marking gauges
 Hand drill
 Screw drivers
 circular saw
 Thicknesser
 Portable sander
 Close cut saw
 Portable drill machine
 phase tester
 screw driver
 pliers
 long nose
 side cutter
 draw in wire
 electrical knife
 electrical hammer
 Arc welding shields

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 Leather gloves
 Chipping hammers
 Welding goggles
 Tongs
 Hand vices
 Mole punch
 Pliers
 Centrifugal
 Submersible
 Reciprocating pump
 Hand pumps
 Hand grinder
 Lumber
 PPR pipes
 PVC pipes
 GI pipes
 Pipe fittings
 Cement
 Sand
 Lime
 Sheet metal
 Steel plates
 Electrical materials
 Electrical appliances
 Plumbing appliances
 Fuel
 Grease
 Oil
 Filters

 Helmets
 Gloves
 Safety goggles
 Safety boots
 Overalls
 Dust masks
 Gas masks
 Dust coats

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MEASUREMENT OF WORKS AND COST ESTIMATION

UNIT CODE: CON/CU/CET/CC/06/6/A

Relationship to Occupational Standards

This unit addresses the unit of competency: Perform Measurement of Works and Cost
Estimation
Duration of Unit: 80 Hours
Unit Description
This unit describes competencies required to perform measurement of works and cost
estimation. It involves preparing tender documents, taking off quantities, working up
dimensions and abstracting measured quantities

Summary of Learning Outcomes

1. Prepare tender documents
2. Take off quantities
3. Work up dimensions
4. Abstract measured quantities
Learning Outcomes, Content and Suggested Assessment Methods
Learning Outcome Content Suggested
Assessment Methods

 Written tests
1. Prepare tender  Preparation of working
 Oral
documents drawings
 Work specifications
 Practical/Projects
 Bill of quantities
 Preparation of schedule of rates
 Preparation of conditions of
contract
 Forms of agreement
 Forms of tender
 Principles of measurement  Written tests
2. Take off quantities
 Standard methods of  Oral
measurement/CESMM  Practical/Projects
 Preparation of dimension

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sheet/paper
 Preparation of quantities
checklist
 Computing building/civil works
quantities
 Booking of dimensions
 Booked items description
 Written tests
3. Work up  Timesing of dimensions
 Oral
dimensions  Squaring of booked dimensions
 Practical/Projects
 Written tests
4. Abstract measured  Abstracting sheet
 Oral
quantities o Preparation of
 Practical/Projects
abstracting sheet
o Transfer of booked
quantities
 Running through dimensions
o Symbols used in running
through dimensions

Suggested Methods of Instruction

 Demonstration by trainer
 Practical work by trainee
 Demonstration videos
 Projects
 Group discussions

Recommended Resources
 Computers
 Office equipment
 Calculators
 Scale rule
 Computer software
 CESSM/SMM
 Stationery
 Dust coat
 First aid kit

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WATER AND WASTEWATER TECHNOLOGY

UNIT CODE: CON/CU/CET/CC/07/6/A

Relationship to Occupational Standards

This unit addresses the unit of competency: apply water & wastewater technology

Duration of Unit: 120 Hours

Unit Description
This unit describes the competence required to apply water & wastewater technology
practices. It involves applying basic water supply principles, principles of wastewater
collection & treatment and basic irrigation & drainage principles.

Summary of Learning Outcomes

1) Apply basic water supply principles
2) Apply principles of wastewater collection and treatment
3) Apply basic irrigation and drainage principles
Learning Outcomes, Content and Suggested Assessment Methods:
Learning Outcome Content Suggested
Assessment
Methods
1. Apply basic  Water demand  Oral questioning
water supply  Sources of water  Written tests
principles  Water abstraction  Observation
 Water treatment  Practical test
 Safe water storage and handling
 Water pipes and appurtenances
 Water supply symbols
 Distribution system
2. Apply  Sources of waste water  Oral questioning
principles of  Types of sewers  Written tests
wastewater  Sewerage systems  Observation
collection and  Characteristics of wastewater  Practical test
treatment  Sewer appurtenances
 Wastewater Treatment processes
and disposal

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 Wastewater symbols
 Wastewater colour coding for
pipes and exhauster trucks
3. Apply basic  Soil, plant-water relationship  Oral questioning
irrigation and  Land preparation  Written tests
drainage  Sources of water for irrigation  Observation
principles  Irrigation farm layout  Practical test
 Quality of irrigation water
 Irrigation methods
 Methods of drainage

Suggested Methods of Instruction

 Demonstration by trainer
 Practice by the trainee
 Field trips
 On-job-training
 Discussions

Recommended Resources
 Scientific Calculators
 Relevant reference materials
 Stationery
 Relevant practical materials
 Laboratories (chemical, biological & soils)
 Internet
 Projector

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WATER RESOURCES, WATER SERVICES AND SANITATION

MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES
UNIT CODE: CON/CU/CET/CC/08/6/A

Relationship to Occupational Standards

This unit addresses the Unit of Competency: apply water resources, water services and
sanitation management principles

Duration of Unit: 120 Hours

Unit Description
This unit describes the competencies required to apply water resource management
principles. It involves determination of hydrological processes, quantification of surface
water, mapping of rock types and aquifers, establishment of suitable site for wells. It also
involves conservation of environment and development of water harvesting structures. It
also involves application of water and environmental law in water resource management
and application of integrated water resources management (IWRM) principles.

Summary of Learning Outcomes

1) Determine hydrological processes
2) Quantify surface water
3) Map rocks and aquifers
4) Establish well sites
5) Conserve the Environment
6) Develop water harvesting structures
7) Apply water and environmental law in water resource management
8) Apply Integrated Water Resources Management ( IWRM) Principles
Learning Outcomes, Content and Suggested Assessment Methods
Learning Outcome Content Suggested
Assessment Methods
1. Determine  Concepts of hydrology  Written tests
Hydrological  Hydrological cycle  Observation
Processes  Hydrological processes,
principles and application in  Interviewing
each case:  Oral
 Precipitation- types, questioning
forms, areal rainfall, causes of

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errors of rainfall data, filling  Third party

missing rainfall data
report
 Evaporation
 Infiltration
 Percolation
 Condensation
 Surface run-off
2. Quantify surface  Precipitation measurement-  Written tests
water types of rain gauges  Interviewing
 Evaporation measurement  Observation
from US class A pan  Oral questions
 Stream flow measurement-  Third party
selection of a regular report
gauging station site, River
gauging, Computation of
stream discharge(mean
section method, mid-section
method; Stage discharge
relationship
 Personal safety in
hydrometry
3. Map rocks and  Geologic time scale (Eons,  Written tests
aquifers Eras, Periods, Series)  Interviewing
 Earth origin theories  Observation
  Oral questions
 Internal structure of the  Third party
earth ( crust, mantle, core) report
 Earth processes (weathering,
volcanism, isostasy,
magmatism)
 Rock types and their
characteristics:
( sedimentary, metamorphic,
igneous,)
 Rock structures
 Minerology: Physical
properties of minerals, rock
forming minerals, mineral

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groups.
 Aquifer types and
characteristics : confined,
non-confined, leaky,
perched
4. Establish well  Classifications of wells:  Written tests
sites dug, driven, drilled  Interviewing
 Factors affecting well siting  Observation
 Methods of well site  Oral questions
establishment  Third party
 Well site establishment report
report writing
5. Conserve the  Water conservation  Written tests
Environment  Soil conservation  Observation
 Types of land degradation  Interviewing
 Causes of land degradation  Oral
 Effects of land degradation questioning
 Control measures of land  Third party
degradation report
6. Develop water  Water harvesting techniques  Written tests
harvesting (roof catchment, rock  Interviewing
structures catchment, surface water  Observation
catchment)  Oral questions
 Types of water harvesting  Third party
reservoirs( water pans, report
water dams)
 Site selection for water
harvesting structures
 Hydraulic properties
of rock units e.g.
porosity,
Permeability,
compressibility
 Topography
 Proximity
 Design of simple water
harvesting structures

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 Operation and maintenance

of water harvesting
structures
7. Apply water  Water policy, water laws  Written tests
policy, water and legislation in Kenya  Observation
and  History of water reforms in  Interviewing
environmental Kenya (since 1999)  Oral
laws, legislation  Implications of Constitution questioning
in water of Kenya on Water  Third party
resource Resources Management and report
management, water services: National
water and Government, County
sanitation Governments
services  Legal and regulatory
framework of Water Sector
in Kenya: Laws, Policies,
Water Act, EMCA,
regulations (e.g. WRA,
NEMA, WASREB) other
sector Institutions e.g.,
WSTF, Water Harvesting
Storage Authority(WHSA),
WSBs WSPs,)
 Water Law administration:
mandates, roles of water
sector regulators and
institutions
 Civil Laws: Law of tort,
Law of contract, Law of
evidence
 Criminal Law basics and
criminal procedure code
8. Apply Integrated
 Concepts of IWRM ( the  Written tests
Water Resources water challenge, need for  Observation
Management integration, sustainable  Interviewing
(IWRM) development goals- SDGs  Oral
Principles e,g. Goal 6,11,12,14) questioning
 Principles of IWRM (Dublin

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principles)  Third party

 IWRM and its relation to report
sub-sectors ( water for
people, water for food,
water for nature and other
users)
 Pillars of IWRM:
 Enabling environment for
IWRM( policies, legal
framework, investment and
financing)
 Institutional arrangement in
IWRM ( regulation and
compliance, water supply
and sanitation services,
coordination and
facilitation, capacity
building)
 Management instruments
for IWRM( understanding
water endowments,
assessment, modelling and
decision making, planning
for IWRM, communication,
efficiency in water use,
economic instruments,
promoting social change)
 Gender mainstreaming in
IWRM
 Applications/Implications of
IWRM in Kenyan Context

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Suggested Methods of Instruction

 Direct instruction
 Project
 Case studies
 Field trips
 Discussions
 Demonstration by trainer
 Practice by the trainee

Recommended Resources:
 Computers
 Stationery
 Evaporation pan (Class A)
 Rain gauge
 Current meter
 Wading suit
 Tape measure
 Staff gauge
 Hand lens
 Clinometer
 GPS receiver
 Maps
 Steel file
 Steel knife
 Rock samples
 Minerals
 PPE

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CORE UNITS OF LEARNING

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MATERIAL TESTING

UNIT CODE: CON/CU/CET/CR/01/6/A

Relationship to Occupational Standards
This unit addresses the Unit of Competency: Conduct material testing
Duration of Unit: 150 Hours
Unit Description
This unit specifies the competencies required to Conduct Material Testing. It involves
preparing for material testing, sampling construction materials, performing tests on
alignment soils, concrete, structural steel, bitumen materials and timber. It also includes
documenting test results.
Summary of Learning Outcomes
1 Prepare for material testing
2 Sample road construction materials
3 Undertake tests on the alignment soils
4 Perform concrete tests
5 Carry out structural steel tests
6 Perform bitumen tests
7 Perform timber tests

Learning Outcomes, Content and Suggested Assessment Methods

Learning Outcome Content Suggested Assessment

Methods
1. Prepare for  Preliminary site investigations  Written tests
material testing  Construction material laboratory  Observation
 Material testing manuals and  Oral questioning
contract documents  Third party report
 Material testing tools and 
equipment
 Construction material laboratory
personnel
 Development of sampling
procedures
 Determination of various types of

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material tests
2. Sample road  Sources of road construction  Written tests
construction materials  Observation
materials  Sampling procedures and  Oral questions
standard manuals  Third party report
 Sampling tools and equipment
 Material sample analysis
 Storage of samples
 Handling of material samples
3. Undertake tests  Alignment soil tests i.e.  Written tests
on the o Shear test  Observation
alignment soils o Trial axial  Oral questions
o CBR  Third party report
 Standard manuals and procedures 
 Material test laboratory
 Soil testing tools and apparatus.
 Obtaining soil samples
 Conducting Soil tests
o CBR
o Atterberg limit
 Liquid limit
 Plastic limit
o Proctor/compaction
o Field density
o Particle size distribution
 Analysis of soil tests results
 Preparation and presentation of
test report

4. Perform  Concrete tests  Written tests

concrete tests o Crushing test  Observation
o Compressive strength  Oral questions
o Slump  Third party report
o Cleanliness 
o Particle size
distribution
 Standard manuals and

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procedures
 Concrete testing tools and
apparatus
 Obtaining test samples
 Preparation of concrete
samples
o Casting cubes
o Curing cubes
 Test for concrete
 Recording of tested cubes
 Analysing and reporting of test
result

5. Carry out  Structural steel samples  Written tests

structural steel  Identification and calibration of  Observation
tests tensile testing machines  Oral questioning
 Testing of samples for tensile  Third party report
strength
 Recording and analysing of
results
 Preparation and presentation of
test reports
6. Perform  Identification of Bitumen tests  Written tests
bitumen tests  Standard manuals and test  Observation
procedures  Oral questioning
 Identification and gathering of  Third party report
testing tools and apparatus
 Obtaining of test samples
 Preparation of Samples.
 Conducting bitumen test
o Penetration
o Cleanliness
o Viscosity
o Ductility
o Flash and Fire Point
o Float Test
o Loss on Heating

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o Specific Gravity
o Softening Point
o Spread Rate
 Recording and analysing of test
results
 Preparation and presentation of
report
7. Perform timber  Timber samples  Written tests
tests  Identification and calibration of  Observation
tensile testing machines  Oral questioning
 Testing of samples for tensile  Third party report
strength
 Recording and analysing of
results
o Preparation and
presentation of test reports
Suggested Methods of Instruction:
 Direct instruction
 Project
 Case studies
 Field trips
 Discussions
 Demonstration by trainer
 Practice by the trainee

Recommended Resources:
 Computers
 Software
 Cameras
 Construction manuals
 Projectors
 Flip charts
 Calculators
 Rulers, pencils, erasers
 Charts with presentations of data
 Drawing sheets
 Internet

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 Relevant videos

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HIGHWAY SURVEY

UNIT CODE: CON/CU/CET/CR/02/6/A

Relationship to Occupational Standards

This unit addresses the Unit of Competency: Perform Highway Eengineering Survey
Duration of Unit: 190 Hours
Unit Description
This unit specifies the competencies required to Perform Highway Survey. It involves
undertaking preliminary site survey, performing levelling activities, conducting
tacheometry works and drafting road cross-sections. It also includes carrying out setting
out activities, performing traversing works and performing traffic engineering survey.

Summary of Learning Outcomes

1. Undertake preliminary site survey
2. Carry out setting out activities
3. Conduct tacheometry works
4. Perform levelling activities
5. Draft road cross-sections
6. Perform traversing works
7. Perform traffic engineering survey

Learning Outcomes, Content and Suggested Assessment Methods

Learning Outcome Content Suggested

Assessment Methods
1 Undertake  Preliminary site survey plan  Written tests
preliminary site
survey  Mobilization of survey  Observation
resources  Case study
 Interpretation of survey  Oral questions
drawings
 Third party report
 Assessment of site survey
conditions
 Levelling activities
 Establishment of Original

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ground level (OGL)

 Establishment of reference
points
 Preparation of preliminary
survey report
2 Perform  Description of levelling tools  Written tests
levelling and equipment
activities  Observation
 Calibration of levelling tools  Oral questions
and equipment
 Third party report
 Setting out levelling machines
and equipment. 

 Reading and booking surveying

levels
 Monitoring and control of road
levels
 Carrying out arithmetic checks
3 Conduct  Tacheometry tools and  Written tests
tacheometry equipment
works  Observation
 Calibration of tools and  Oral questioning
equipment
 Third party report
 Determination of horizontal
distances 

 Determination of vertical
distances
 Collection of tacheometry data
 Documentation of tacheometry
data Collected
 Carry out arithmetic checks
4 Draft road cross-  Recording and computing road  Written tests
sections levels.  Observation

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 Producing reduced levels  Oral questions

 Road cross-sections  Third party report
 Drafting tools and equipment 
 Drafting road cross-sections
 Interpretation of road cross-
sections
 Establishing road designs
profiles
5 Carry out setting  Identification of Setting out  Written tests
out activities tools and equipment  Observation
 Calibrations of equipment  Oral questioning
 Determination of alignments  Third party report
 Setting out of alignments 
 Horizontal alignment
 Vertical alignment
 Computation of alignment data
6 Perform  Theodolite traversing  Written tests
traversing works
 Compass traversing  Observation
 Calibration of tools  Oral questions
 Determination of horizontal and  Third party report
vertical angles 
 Calculation of coordinates
 Data collection and analysis
 Documentation of data
7 Perform traffic  Contract documents  Written tests
engineering
survey  Geographical information  Observation
sources  Oral questions
 Interpretation of geographical

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data  Third party report

 Location of traffic survey site
 Topographical maps
 Traffic survey
 Identification of human
resources
 Traffic engineering survey
tools, equipment and materials
 Definition of duties and
responsibilities
 Methods of data collection and
analysis
 Establishment of data collection
and monitoring methods
 Legal and statutory
requirements.
 Allocation of resources
 Allocation of duties and
responsibilities
 Provision for road safety
requirements
 Conducting traffic counts
 Establishment of traffic
volumes and axle loadings
 Data analysis
 Preparation of traffic count
report
 Traffic data analysis
 Categorization of traffic
composition

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 Determination and estimation of

traffic characteristics
 Determination of road
characteristics
 Documentation of road and
traffic characteristics
 Preparation of road traffic
survey reports

Suggested Methods of Instruction

 Direct instruction
 Project
 Case studies
 Group discussions
 Field trips /site visits
 Demonstration by trainer
 Practice by the trainees
 Industrial attachment
 Viewing of related videos

Recommended Resources:
 Surveying tools and equipment
 Computers
 CAD & GIS Software
 Construction manuals and guidelines
 Projectors
 Flip charts
 Calculators
 Stationery
 Charts with presentations of data
 Drawing sheets
 Internet
 Relevant videos
 Printers
 Workstation

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 Standard of specifications

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BASIC PAVEMENT STRUCTURE DESIGN

UNIT CODE: CON/CU/CET/CR/03/6/A

Relationship to Occupational Standards
This unit addresses the Unit of Competency: Design pavement structure
Duration of Unit: 120 Hours
Unit Description
This unit specifies the competencies required to design basic pavement structures. It
involves conducting site visit, designing highway drainage and hydraulic structures,
designing road geometrics, designing pavement structure, designing pedestrian and
cyclist path and designing for road furniture.

Summary of Learning Outcomes

1 Conduct site visit
2 Design highway, drainage and hydraulic structures
3 Design road geometrics
4 Design pavement structure
5 Design pedestrian and cyclist paths
6 Design road furniture

Learning Outcomes, Content and Suggested Assessment Methods

Learning Outcome Content Suggested

Assessment Methods
1. Conduct site  Preliminary site visit  Observation
visit  Determining of pavement  Case studies
location  Oral
 Preparation for site visit  Third party report
 Data collection methods
 Tools and equipment for data
collection
 Collection of on-site data
2. Design highway  Contract documents  Observation
drainage and  Survey resources  Case studies
hydraulic  Statutory requirements  Oral
structures  Data collection tools and  Third party report

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equipment
 Data analysis
 Identification of pavement
location
 Natural characteristics of the
drainage site
 Hydrology engineering
 Geological survey
 Establishment of longitudinal
section of the river
 Determination of water levels
and velocity at the river
 Location of highway drainage
sites
 Determination of highway
drainage and hydraulic
structures for construction
 Determination of drainage size
 Estimation of rainfall intensity
 Types and nature of ground
cover
 Estimation of surface run-off
 Documentation of estimated
surface run-off
 Hydraulic and hydrology
 Soil science
 Location of drainage structures
 Determination of drainage span
 Development of material
schedules
 Designing highway drainage
structures
 Production of construction
drawings
 Documentation of drawings
 Standard manuals and designs
 Geometry
 Measuring tools and equipment

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 Types of highway drainages

 Determination of Equivalent
Standard Axle (ESA), life loads
and bridge dead load
 Selection of bridge construction
resources
 Determination of material
properties for construction
 Designing of bridge
components
 Geometrics
 Foundation engineering
 Design manuals
 Material science
 Basic quantity survey
 Preparation of construction
drawings
 Reporting and documentation
 Determination of Equivalent
Standard Axle (ESA), life loads
and drift dead load
 Properties of construction
materials
 Geometrics
 Design manuals
 Soil science
 Foundation engineering
 Selection of drift and/or
causeways construction
materials
 Design of drift and causeway
 Preparation of drawings
 Documentation of drawings
 Preparations for designing
 Determination of retaining wall
types for construction
 Selection of materials for
construction

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 Geometrics
 Determination of nature of load
 Soil science
 Determination of soil lateral
pressure and its line of action
 Soil bearing capacity
 Foundation engineering
 Construction designs and
standard manuals
 Documentation of drawings
 Interpretation of construction
drawings
 Interpretation of Material
schedules
 Determination of highway
drainage structure for
construction
 Determination and selection of
construction materials
 Construction material science
 Construction material estimates
 Principles of quantity surveying
3. Design road  Acquisition of resources  Written tests
geometrics  Determination of Original  Observation
Ground Levels (OGL)  Oral questioning
 Determination of:  Third party report
o Horizontal
alignments
o Vertical alignments
 Determination of road
intersections
 Preparation of working
drawings
 Preparation and presentation of
report.
2 Design pavement  Introduction to pavements  Written tests
structure designs  Observation
 Acquisition of design resources  Oral questions

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 Types of pavements  Third party report

 Designing of pavement
structures
 Preparation of pavement
structural drawings
 Development of materials
schedules
 Preparation and presentation of
detailed report and material
specifications
3 Design pedestrian  Identification and gathering of  Written tests
and cyclist paths required resources  Observation
 Estimation of pedestrian and  Oral questions
cyclist traffic  Third party report
 Design manuals
 Geometrics
 Determination and locating of
pedestrian and cyclist path
 Designing of pedestrian and
cyclist paths
 Preparation of drawings
 Preparation and presentation of
detailed report and
specifications
4 Design road  Introduction to road furniture  Written tests
furniture  Gathering of required resources  Observation
 Determination of road furniture  Oral questions
 Location of road furniture  Third party report
 Design manuals
 Geometrics
 Designing of road furniture
 Production of drawings
 Preparation and presentation of
detailed report and
specifications

Suggested Methods of Instruction

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 Direct instruction
 Project
 Case studies
 Field trips/site visits
 Discussions
 Demonstration by trainer
 Practice by the trainee

Recommended Resources:
 Computers
 CAD & GIS Software
 Cameras
 Construction manuals
 Projectors
 Flip charts
 Calculators
 Stationery
 Charts with presentations of data
 Drawing sheets
 Internet
 Relevant videos
 Workstation

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ROAD CONSTRUCTION WORKS

UNIT CODE: CON/CU/CET/CR/04/6/A
Relationship to Occupational Standards
This unit addresses the Unit of Competency: Perform Road Construction Works
Duration of Unit: 150 Hours
Unit Description
This unit specifies the competencies required to perform road construction works. It
involves carrying out earthwork activities, constructing road/pavement structure layers
and constructing parking, walk ways and cyclist lanes, foot bridges and bus bays. It also
includes installing road furniture, construction of erosion prevention structures,
constructing highway drainage and hydraulic structures and undertaking highway
maintenance.
Summary of Learning Outcomes
1 Carry out earthwork activities
2 Construct road/pavement structure layers
3 Construct parking walk ways and cyclist lanes, foot bridges, bus bays
4 Install road furniture
5 Construct erosion prevention structures
6 Construct highway drainage and hydraulic structures
7 Undertake highway maintenance

Learning Outcomes, Content and Suggested Assessment Methods

Learning Outcome Content Suggested

Assessment Methods
1. Carry out  Introduction to earthwork  Observation
earthwork activities  Case studies
activities  Acquisition of relevant legal  Oral
documents  Third party
 Interpretation of drawings report
 Identification and mobilization
of Earthwork resources
 Setting out for earthworks
 Site clearance and demolition
activities
 Statutory requirements for road

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construction
 Establishment of road
formation
 Taking and documentation of
ground levels
 Determination of cut and fill
materials volumes
2. Construct  Acquisition and mobilization  Written tests
road/pavement of the required road  Observation
structure layers construction resources  Oral questioning
 Interpretation of drawings  Third party
 Standard construction manuals report
 Carrying out levelling
activities
 Types of road pavements
 Rigid
 Flexible
 Construction of sub-grade
pavement layer
 Construction of sub-base
pavement layer
 Construction of base layer
 Documentation of ground
levels
 Construction of road surface
layer
 Quality control operations
3. Construct  Contract documents  Written tests
parking walk  Acquisition and mobilization  Observation
ways and cyclist of required resources  Oral questions
lanes, foot  Interpretation of drawings  Third party
bridges, bus  Construction manuals report
bays  Construction of parking
 Construction of walk ways,
cyclist lanes and bus bays
 Construction of foot bridges
 Levelling activities
 Documentation of ground

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levels
 Quality control operations
4. Install road  Acquisition and mobilization  Written tests
furniture of road furniture resources  Observation
 Interpretation of drawings  Oral questions
 Standard installation manuals  Third party
 Determination of location of report
road furniture
 Identification of various types
of road furniture
 Installation of road furniture
 Quality control procedures
 Maintenance activities on road
furniture
 Legal and statutory
requirements
5. Construct  Mobilization of construction  Written tests
erosion resources  Observation
prevention  Types of soil erosion  Oral questions
structures  Determination of erosion  Third party
control structures report
 Location of erosion prevention
structures
 Interpretation of drawings
 Standard construction manuals
 Construction of erosion
prevention structures
 Quality control procedures
 Maintenance of erosion
prevention structures
 Legal and statutory
requirements
6. Construct  Mobilization of drainage  Written tests
highway construction resources  Observation
drainage and  Determination of drainage  Oral questions
hydraulic positions  Third party
structures  Legal documents for drainage report
structures construction

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 Definition of roles and

responsibilities
 Cost estimation and tendering
for construction works
 Interpretation of survey data
 Interpretation of drawings
 Setting out construction works
 Construction of culvert
 Quality control operations
 Legal requirements
 Contract documents
 Licenses
 Mobilization of construction
resources
 Location for construction
 Interpretation of drawings
 Setting out of construction
works
 Construction procedures for
drains
 Quality control operations
 Legal and statutory
requirements
 Mobilization of construction
resources
 Identification of construction
site location
 Interpretation of survey data
 Interpretation of drawings
 Setting out operations
 Construction of drains and
gullies
 Quality control operations
 Legal requirements
 Contract
 Licenses
 Mobilization of construction
materials and resources

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 Location of bridge construction

site sections
 Interpretation of survey data
 Interpretation of drawings
 Setting out activities
 Bridge construction
 Quality control operation
 Legal and statutory
requirements
 Mobilization of construction
resources
 Locate sections for
construction site
 Interpretation of drawings
 Setting out activities
 Construction of drifts and
causeways
 Quality control operations
 Legal and statutory
requirements
 Mobilization of construction
resources
 Interpretation of drawings
 Setting out activities
 Retaining wall construction
operations
 Backfilling procedures
 Quality control operations
 Legal and statutory
requirements
7. Undertake  Relevant road maintenance  Written tests
highway information  Observation
maintenance  Road construction legal  Oral questions
documents  Third party
 Identification of road report
assessment tools and
equipment
 Definition of duties and roles

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 Road inspection
 Data collection on the status of
the road for maintenance
 Data is analysis of road
sections for maintenance
 Identification of road sections
for maintenance
 Preparation and presentation of
assessment report and material
specifications
 Cost estimation and tendering
for maintenance works
 Legal and statutory
requirements for road
maintenance
 Identification of highway
maintenance needs
 Categorization of maintenance
needs
 Identification of sources of
road maintenance construction
materials
 Development of road
maintenance schedules
 Determination of road
maintenance resources
 Identification of emergency
site location
 Identification of the nature and
magnitude of road emergency
 Mobilization of emergency
response resources
 Allocation of duties and roles
 Allocation of maintenance
construction resources
 Emergency maintenance
procedures
 Monitoring and quality

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operations
 Legal documentation of
emergency response
maintenance
 Mobilization of required
resources
 Interpretation of road designs
 Categorization of routine
maintenance activities
 Carrying out routine
maintenance activities
 Maintenance of OSH
requirements
 Quality control activities
 Legal documentation of routine
maintenance activities
 Identification and mobilization
of resources
 Interpretation of road designs
 Categorization of periodic
maintenance activities
 Carrying out periodic
maintenance activities
 Maintenance of OSH
requirements
 Quality control activities
 Legal documentation of routine
maintenance activities

Suggested Methods of Instruction:

 Direct instruction
 Project
 Case studies
 Field trips/site visits
 Group discussions
 Demonstration by trainer
 Computer Aided Learning (CAL)

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 Practice by the trainee

 Relevant video shows

Recommended Resources
 Computer
 Internet
 Workshop
 Construction materials
 Construction tools and equipment
 Construction designs and drawings
 Sample contract documents
 Computer software e.g. AutoCAD, ArchiCAD, Civil3D
 Stationery
 Road construction site
 Material testing laboratory
o Moulds
o Tamping rods
o CBR Machines
o Crushing machines
 Schedule of work
 Standard manuals
 Road under construction
 Contract documents

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ENGINEERING STRUCTURES DESIGN

UNIT CODE: CON/CU/CET/CR/05/6/A

Relationship to Occupational Standards
This unit addresses the unit of competency: Design engineering structures
Duration of Unit: 220 Hours
Unit Description
This unit specifies the competencies required to design engineering structures. This
involves load estimation, designing structural elements, assessing of cost effectiveness of
designs, analysing site test data and modifying structural designs.
Summary of Learning Outcomes
1. Calculate load estimates
2. Design structural elements
3. Assess cost effectiveness of the design
4. Modify structural designs
Learning Outcomes, Content and Suggested Assessment Methods
Learning Outcome Content Suggested
Assessment Methods
1. Calculate load  Architectural drawings  Oral
estimates  Codes of practice  Written
 Structural building use  Project/Practical
 Structural loading assignment
 Structural load analysis
2. Design structural  Structural element types  Oral
elements  Structural element design  Written
methods and calculations  Project/Practical
 CAD software assignment
 Design standards
 Codes of practice
3. Assess cost  Cost saving design methods  Oral
effectiveness of  Building design analysis  Written
the design  Bill of quantities  Project/Practical
 Construction materials assignment
 Research
4. Modify structural  Site survey data analysis  Oral
design  Construction hypotheses  Written
 Structural design modification  Project/Practical

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assignment

Suggested Methods of Instruction

 Demonstration by trainer
 Practical work by trainee
 Demonstration videos
 Projects
 Group discussions

Recommended Resources
 Computers
 Printers
 Measurement tools
 Survey instruments
 CAD software
 Stationery
 Workstations
 Civil Engineering laboratories
 Legal documents (Engineers Act)
 Civil Engineers Code of Practice
 Antiglare screen protection
 First aid kits

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BUILDING DRAWINGS

UNIT CODE: CON/CU/CET/CR/06/6/A

Relationship to Occupational Standards
This unit addresses the unit of competency: Produce building drawings
Duration of Unit: 200 hours
Unit Description
This unit describes the competencies required to produce building drawings. It involves
interpreting architectural drawings, preparing structural and civil drawings, preparing
plumbing layouts, interpreting electrical and mechanical drawings.

Summary of Learning Outcomes

1. Interpret architectural drawings
2. Prepare structural and civil drawings
3. Interpret electrical drawings
4. Design plumbing layout
5. Interpret mechanical drawings

Learning Outcomes, Content and Suggested Assessment Methods

Learning Outcome Content Suggested
Assessment Methods
1. Interpret  Drawing tools and equipment  Practical
architectural  Site investigation/surveying assignment/project
drawings  Construction dimensions  Oral/written
 Project plan and design
 Architectural drawings
 Building codes
2. Prepare structural  Structural elements  Practical
and civil drawings  Codes of practice assignment/project
 Bar bending schedule  Oral
 Structural drawings  Written
 Civil elements
 Culverts
 Retaining walls
 Pavements
 Storm water drain systems
 Septic tanks

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 Codes of practice
 Civil drawings
3. Interpret electrical  Electricity and electronics  Practical
drawings  Electrical codes of practice assignment/project
 Architectural layout  Oral
 Electrical connection layout  Written
 Electrical drawings
4. Design plumbing  Pipe sizes  Written
layout  Pipe types  Oral
 Pipe fittings  Projects/practical
 Pipe installation assignment
 Consumption requirements
 Plumbing layout
5. Interpret  Dimensions (mechanical)  Oral
mechanical  Mechanical systems  Projects/practical
drawings  Mechanical components assignments
 Sketching mechanical  Written
components
 Drafting mechanical
components
 Mechanical component
dimensions

Suggested Methods of Instruction

 Demonstration by trainer
 Practical work by trainee
 Demonstration videos
 Project
 Group discussions

Recommended Resources
 measuring and drawing tools
 computers/internet
 printers/plotting device
 Codes of practice
 mechanical conventions,
 workstation
 CAD & GIS Software
 Dust coat
 First aid kits

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BUILDING WORKS

UNIT CODE: CON/CU/CET/CR/07/6/A

Relationship to Occupational Standards
This unit addresses the unit of competency: Carry out building works
Duration of Unit: 200 hours
Unit Description
This unit describes competencies required to carry out building works. It involves
executing site preliminary works, building temporary works, substructure works,
superstructure works, building finishes and external works.

Summary of Learning Outcomes

1 Execute site preliminary works
2 Execute building temporary works
3 Execute substructure works
4 Execute superstructure works
5 Execute building finishes
6 Execute building external works
Learning Outcomes, Content and Suggested Assessment Methods
Learning Outcome Content Suggested
Assessment Methods
1. Execute site  Site investigation/  Practical
preliminary works  Land surveying assignment/project
 Building Drawings and  Oral/written
interpretation
 Surveying tools and equipment
 Building codes
 Building site conditions
 Plant and equipment
 Building safety regulations
 Hoarding/screening materials
 Site hoarding/fencing
 Hoarding tools
 Surveying tools and equipment
 Survey maps
 Surveying methods
 Soil sampling

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 Building site services

 Site facilities, infrastructure and
traffic
 Building codes
 Levelling
 Site layout
 Construction site zones
 Site installation
 Methods of demolishing
 Safety consideration during
demolition
 Masonry
 Concrete
2. Execute building  Trench timbering materials and  Practical
temporary works tools assignment/project
 Soil mechanics  Oral
 Site investigation  Written
 Trench timbering methods
 Trench layout design
 Trench timbering dismantling
 Types of scaffolds
 Scaffold drawing
 Assembling and dismantling of
scaffolds
 Personal protective equipment
 Site safety requirements
 Site clearance
 Structural elements
 Types of formwork
 Formwork materials
 Formwork measurements and
dimensions
 Timber properties
 Formwork
construction/installation
 Formwork dismantling
 Types of foundations
 Types of shores
 Shoring materials
 Shores connection methods
 Construction laws
 Local authority guidelines

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 Shoring construction and

erection
 Shoring dismantling
3. Execute  Site investigation/surveying  Practical
substructure  Building Drawings and assignment/project
works interpretation  Oral
 Construction dimensions  Written
 Setting out tools and equipment
 Setting out procedure
 Building codes
 Building foundations
 Soil analysis
 Timbering
 Dewatering methods
 Excavation plant and equipment
 Types of foundations
 Working drawings
 Foundation reinforcement
 Architectural layout
 Masonry
 Building codes
 Working drawing
 Levelling
 Mortar/ concrete technology
 Damp proof membrane
 Construction materials
 Termite control
 Damp proof membrane
 Concrete technology
 Floor reinforcement
4. Execute  Structural elements  Practical
superstructure  Codes of practice assignment/project
works  Design dimensions  Oral
 Column design  Written
 Structural design drawings
 Reinforcement steel
 Formwork
 Concrete materials
 Concrete mix design
 Concrete testing methods
 Concrete compaction methods
 Wall dimensions

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 Structure openings
 Building and design plans
 Mortar materials and mixing
 Mortar joints
 Codes of practice
 Wall construction
 Occupational safety and health
standards
 Environment Act and by laws
 Beam design
 Stair design
 Slab design
 Formwork props
 Compaction methods
 Floor finishing methods
 Types of roofs
 Roof materials
 Timber properties
 Steel properties
 Truss design
 Truss installation
 Roof material installation
method
 Fireplace design layout
 Fireplace elements
 Fireplace construction
 Fireplace finishing
 Types of fixtures
 Types of fittings
 Installation methods
 Installation tools and equipment
5. Execute building  Types of floor finishes  Written
finishes  Floor finishing tools &  Oral
Equipment  Projects/practical
 Background preparation. assignment
 Floor finishing
 Painting materials
 Painting tools & Equipment
 Preparation of painting surface
 Paint mixing
 Application of paint
 Protection of painted surfaces

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 Facing materials, tools and

equipment
 Preparation of facing materials
 Preparation of facing
background
 Fixing of facings
 Wall mastering materials, tools
and equipment
 Preparation of wall surfaces
 Application of wall master
 Protection of wall mastered
surface
 Lining materials, tools and
equipment
 Background preparation.
 Fixing of Linings
 Cladding materials, tools and
equipment
 Background preparation
 Application of claddings
 Plastering tools and equipment.
 Plastering materials
 Background preparation
 Mixing ratios/Mortar making
 Application of plaster
 Tools, materials and equipment
 Types of ceiling finishes
 Application of ceiling finishes
 Background preparation
 Pointing and jointing materials,
tools and equipment
 Preparation of materials
 Background preparation
 Pointing and jointing
 Rough casting materials tools
and equipment
 Preparation of materials
 Background preparation
 Application of rough cast
6. Execute building  Types of external paving  Oral
external works  Survey  Projects/practical
 Design interpretation assignments

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 Levelling  Written
 Bonding paving joints
 Plan interpretation
 Ground preparation
 Beautification
 Ground irrigation methods
 Building codes
 Excavation
 Laying drainage pipes
 Drainage collection chambers
 Types of fences
 Gate shutter materials and
preparation
 Taking measurements
 Gate dimensions
 Gate shutter fixing
Suggested Methods of Instruction
 Demonstration by trainer
 Practical work by trainee
 Demonstration videos
 Project
 Group discussions

Recommended Resources
 measuring and drawing tools
 computers/internet
 printers/plotting device
 calculator
 Codes of practice
 mechanical conventions,
 site office
 standard manuals and guidelines
 Dust coat
 First aid kits

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WATER RESOURCES QUALITY MANAGEMENT

UNIT CODE: CON/CU/CET/CR/08/6/A

Relationship to Occupational Standards

This unit addresses the Unit of Competency: manage water resources quality

Duration of Unit: 60 hours

Unit Description
This unit covers the competencies required to manage water resources quality. It involves
monitoring, managing water resources quality, managing groundwater quality, managing
wastewater quality and treating and disposing wastewater.
This standard applies in water sector.

Summary of Learning Outcomes

1 Monitor water resources quality
2 Surface Water quality management
3 Ground Water quality management
4 Manage wastewater quality
Learning Outcomes, Content and Suggested Assessment Methods
Learning Outcome Content Suggested
Assessment Methods
1. Monitor water  Objectives of water quality  Observation
resources quality monitoring
 Reconnaissance survey and  Interviewing
reporting  Oral questioning
 Water quality monitoring
 Field study
protocol
reports
 WQM schedules
 Water resources quality  Third party report
monitoring site selection  Project reports
 Indicators of environmental
water quality  Written tests
 Tools and equipment for
environmental water quality
monitoring (field, laboratory

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and remote sensing)

 Operation and maintenance of
tools and equipment
 Water quality monitoring (theory
and practice)
 Water quality monitoring reports
 Occupational safety and health
in water quality monitoring
2. Manage surface  Surface Water quality  Observation
water quality challenges and issues  Interviewing
 Surface water quality  Oral questioning
management plans  Field study
 Implementation of surface water reports
quality management plans  Third party report
 Written tests
 Project report
3. Manage ground  Groundwater quality challenges  Observation
water quality and issues  Interviewing
 Groundwater quality  Oral questioning
management plans  Field study
 Implementation of ground water reports
quality management plans  Third party report
 Written tests
4. Manage Storm  Storm water quality  Observation
and wastewater management
quality  Domestic wastewater quality  Interviewing
management  Oral questioning
 Agricultural wastewater quality
 Field study
management
reports
 Industrial wastewater quality
management  Third party report
 Written tests

Suggested Methods of Instruction:

 Direct instruction
 Project
 Case studies

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 Field trips
 Discussions
 Demonstration by trainer
 Practice by the trainee
 Laboratory exercises

Recommended Resources:
 Computers
 Stationery
 water sampling kit (manual, automated)
 sampling equipment ( sampling bottles, boats)
 Standard operating procedures
 Portable water quality test kits ( with Thermometers, pH, EC, turbidity,DO
meters, microbial test kits for resent/absent etc)
 GIS Software
 Digital cameras
 GPS

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DESIGN OF WASTEWATER COLLECTION AND TREATMENT

INFRASTRUCTURE

UNIT CODE: CON/CU/CET/CR/09/6/A

Relationship to Occupational Standards

This unit addresses the unit of competency: Design Wastewater Collection and Treatment
Infrastructure
Duration of Unit: 200 hours
Unit Description

This unit covers the competencies required to design waste water collection and treatment
infrastructure. It involves collection of wastewater infrastructure design data, analysis of
wastewater infrastructure design data, and calculation of wastewater infrastructure design
parameters, drawing wastewater infrastructure units and compiling wastewater
infrastructure design report.
Summary of Learning Outcomes
1. Apply hydraulic engineering principles
2. Analyse structural elements
3. Design structural elements
4. Collect wastewater infrastructure design data
5. Analyse wastewater infrastructure design data
6. Calculate wastewater infrastructure design parameters
7. Draw wastewater infrastructure units
8. Compile wastewater infrastructure design report

Learning Outcomes, Content and Suggested Assessment Methods

Learning Outcome Content Suggested Assessment

Methods
1. Apply hydraulic  Fluid properties  Written test
engineering o Viscosity  Interview
principles o Density  Oral question
o Mass  Assignments
o Volume  Supervised
o Compressibility exercises
 Practical tests

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o Pressure
o Surface tension
o Specific gravity
o Specific
o weight
 Fluid pressure measurement
o Manometers
o piezometer,
o mechanical gauges,
o Hydraulic bench
o Statement of Pascal’s
law
o Application of
Pascal’s Law Total
pressure and centre of
pressure;horizontally
immersed plane
surface, vertically
immersed plane
surface, inclined
immersedplane
surface)
o Basic definitions;
area of flow, mean
velocity, rate of flow.

o Types of flow;
o steady and unsteady
o uniform and non-
uniform,
o laminar and turbulent
(Reynold’s
experiment)
o Compressible and
incompressible flow.
o Flow equations;
discharge equation,

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continuity equation,
Bernoulli’s equation)
 Discharge and velocity
measurement
o Venturimeters
o Pitot and pitot static
tubes
o Orificmeter
o Orifices and
mouthpieces
o Weirs and notches
o Flow in pipes
 Head losses in pipes; major
losses (Darcy’s formula,
Chezy’s formula, Manning’s
formula, Hazen Williams
formula)
o Minor losses (due to
fittings, enlargement,
contractions),
o Hydraulic grade line,
total head loss.
o Total energy line
o Flow in open
channels
 Simple channel sections;
rectangular, triangular,
trapezoidal, circular.
o Parameters of open
channel; wetted
perimeter, hydraulic
mean depth/radius,
hydraulic gradient.
o Application of
Chezy's and
Manning’s equations
to open channel flow

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problems; simple
sections and
compound sections
o Design of most
economical channel
sections ; rectangular,
trapezoidal
2. Analyse o Properties material  Written test
structural o Stress, strain, ductility,  Interview
elements malleability,  Oral question
o Types of Stresses,  Assignments
Working Stress: Types of  Supervised
Strain, exercises
o Stress-strain relationship:  Practical Tests
Stress-strain diagram,
o Hooke’s law, Young’s
modulus, Definition
 Moments in beams
o Types of beams: Simple,
Cantilever, Overhanging,
o Type of beam supports,
Hinged or pinned
supports, Fixed or
encastre supports, Rollers
and simple supports,
o Types of loads/Forces
and loading systems:
Point loads, Uniformity
distributed loads,
uniformly varying loads,
combination of point
loads and uniformly
distributed loads,
o Support reactions:
Calculation of support
reactions, signs and
taking moments at a
given reaction point,

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o Calculation of Shear
forces and bending
moments: Definitions,
Sign conventions,
Calculations of shear
force and bending
moments at critical
points.
o Determination of
maximum Sheaf forces
and Bending moments:
Graphical
representations: Shear
force and bending
moment diagrams.
 Section properties
o Centre of gravity and
Centroid: Definition of
centre of gravity and
centroid, Determination
of centre of gravity and
centroid by (Calculation,
Graphical) Solve simple
problems involving
centre of gravity or
centroid
o Second moment of area
(I): Definition,
Derivation of second
moment of area formula.
o Section modulus (Z):
Definition, Calculation of
section modulus
o Radius of gyration

 Theory of simple bending

o Basic assumptions:
General principles:

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Bending tendency,
Neutral axis, Variation of
stress/strain in a beam
section, General theory of
bending equation:,
Moment of resistance
(rectangular beam) :
 Forces in frames
o Types of Frames: Perfect
frame, imperfect frame,
redundant frame, Nature
of forces in frames:
Tension and compression
forces,
o Analysis of forces in
frames: Methods of
analysis: method of
sections, method of joint
resolution
 Deflection In Beams
o General Principles:
Effects of deflection,
General differential
equation for deflection,
Derivation of the general
slope and deflection
formula, double
integration.
3. Design  Written test
o Design of Reinforced
structural  Interview
Concrete Structures
elements  Oral question
o Beams: simply supported
 Assignments
beams
 Supervised
o Columns: short columns,
exercises
centrally axially loaded
 Practical tests
and eccentrically loaded-
uniaxial and biaxial
bending

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o Floors/slabs: one way

spanning and two way
spanning suspended slabs
o Foundations: isolated
footing/pad footing and
strip footing
 Design of Timber Structures
o Timber grading: Visual /
machine grading, Stress
grading, Stresses: Grade,
Basic, Dry, Wet,
Permissible, Strength
class
 Design of Steel
o Struts
o Ties
o Purlins
o Joists
4. Collect  Mapping the area  Written test
wastewater  Tools preparation  Interview
infrastructure  Data collection/ Quantity of  Oral question
design data Wastewater  Assignments
 Quantity of wastewater  Supervised
(Design periods, wastewater exercises
generation rates (urban,  Practical tests
periurban, rural) 
 Storm water infiltration and
exfiltration.

5. Analyze  Categorize population into  Written test

wastewater various classes  Interview
infrastructure  Analyse and clean climatic  Oral question
design data and hydrological data  Assignments
 Produce topographical maps  Supervised
and ground profiles from exercises
survey data  Practical tests

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6. Calculate  Population projection  Written test

wastewater  Population equivalent  Interview
infrastructure  Discharge /volume  Oral question
design  Velocities  Assignments
parameters  Load estimation (BOD, TSS,FC)  Supervised
 Computations of profile data exercises
 Sizing of the pipes  Practical tests
 Hydraulic flow in pipes
 Depth of flow
 Gradient
 Sizing of treatment units
7. Draw  Draw profiles  Written test
wastewater  Draw:  Interview
infrastructure o Sewer Line  Oral question
units o Sewer Appurtenances  Assignments
o Screens  Supervised
o Grit Chamber exercises
o Sedimentation Tanks  Practical tests
o Trickling Filters
o Activated Sludge Unit
o Stabilization Ponds
o Oxidation Ditch
o Aerated Lagoons
o Storm Water Drains
o Sludge Treatment Units
 Legal requirements for approvals
8. Compile  Technical report writing  Written test
wastewater  Legal requirements  Interview
infrastructure  Oral question
design report  Assignments
 Supervised
exercises
 Practical tests
Suggested Methods of Instruction
 Group discussions
 Demonstration by trainer
 Online videos

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 Power point presentation

 Exercises by trainee

Recommended Resources
 Scientific calculators
 Relevant reference materials
 Stationeries
 GPS
 CAD and GIS Software
 Computer lab
 Relevant practical materials
 Laboratories (chemical, biological & soils)
 Internet
 Concrete workshop
 Hydraulics laboratory
 Design codes
 Printers
 Workstation
 Plumbing and pipe fitting workshop

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CONSTRUCTION OF WASTEWATER INFRASTRUCTURE

UNIT CODE: CON/CU/CET/CR/10/6/A

Relationship to Occupational Standards

This unit addresses the unit of competency: Construct Wastewater Infrastructure
Duration of Unit: 180 hours

Unit Description
This unit covers the competencies required to construct wastewater infrastructure. It
involves analysis of soil properties, construction of the wastewater infrastructure units,
organization of the construction site, and preparation of construction schedule

Summary of Learning Outcomes

1 Analyse soil properties
2 Prepare construction schedule
3 Organize the construction site
4 construct the wastewater infrastructure

Learning Outcomes, Content and Suggested Assessment Methods

Learning Outcome Content Suggested Assessment

Methods
1. Analyse soil  Physical properties of soils  Written test
properties o phase diagram,  Interview
o Definitions of various  Oral question
properties of soils; Unit  Assignments
weight; Specific gravity,  Supervised
Moisture content, void ratio, exercises
porosity, degree of saturation  Practical tests
& density index.
 Index properties of soils
o Consistency limits;
definition, types,, methods of
determination; liquid limit:
cone penetrometer method,
Cassagrande apparatus,

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plastic limit, shrinkage limit,

o Determination of water
content (oven drying method,
pycnometer method),
o determination of specific
gravity( density bottle
method),
o Determination of field
density ;
o Density index
o Particle size distribution:
sieve analysis, particle size
and grading curves.
 Soil classification and
identification
o Soil description
o Purpose of soil classification
o Soil classification systems
o Shortcomings of
classification systems
 Compaction of soils
o Proctor test
 Field compaction tools and
equipment
 Seepage & permeability
 Darcy’ Law of Permeability
 Factors affecting permeability of
soils
 Laboratory methods
determination soil permeability
o Constant head
permeability
o Falling head permeability
test
Field methods for determination of
soil permeability
o Pumping out from

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unconfined aquifer
o Pumping out from
confined aquifer
 Shear strength
o Definitions of term shear
strength, components of
shear strength, coulombs
theory. Methods for
determination of shear
strength: direct shear box
method, Triaxial
compression test,
unconfined compression
test &vane shear test.
 Vertical Stress Distribution:
o principles of stress
distribution in soils,
o Boussinesq's analysis for
point load,
o Analysis for distributed
loads; Fadum’s influence
chart analysis,
Newmark’s influence
chart.
 Lateral earth pressure
o Principles of earth pressure,
o Rankine’s theory of earth
pressure; theory of active and
passive earth pressures,
o earth pressure for
cohessionless soils and
cohesive soils (dry backfill,
o submerged backfill, backfill
with surcharge load),
 Consolidation and settlement
o Theory of soil
compressibility and

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settlement
o Determination of
consolidation (Oedometer
test),
o Theory of one dimensional
consolidation
 Stability of slopes
o Causes of slope
instability,
o Remedial measures to
slope instability,
o Analysis of slope
instability
 Bearing capacity
o definition of terms used in
bearing capacity,
o modes of failures of
foundation (general shear
failure, local shear failure,
punching shear failure),
o bearing capacity analysis
(Terzaghi’s analysis for
foundations,
o Skempton’s analysis).
Site Investigation:
o procedure for site
investigation (desk study,
reconnaissance study,
detailed study),
o methods of site investigation
(Trial pits, Shafts and
headings, Borings, Augering,
Drilling, Geophysical
methods),
o sampling (disturbed
samples, undisturbed
samples, samplers; 54mm

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samplers, Split barrel

samplers, U4 samplers, Core
cutters).
2. Prepare  Interpretation of working  Written Test
construction drawings  Interview
schedule  Construction activities  Oral Question
 Project planning  Assignments
o Work study: Aims of Work  Supervised
study, Pioneers in work Exercises
study, Methods of work  Practical Tests
study: Method study and
work measurement.
o Productivity: Measurement of
productivity: Timing, rating,
normalizing and allocation of
allowances.
o Programming: Methods of
programming: Use of Bar
charts (Gannt charts), Critical
Path method (CPM), Program
Evaluation and Review
Techniques (PERT)
3. Organize the  Site layout and organisation  Written Test
construction o Temporary features on site:  Interview
Site hoardings, site huts, sanitary  Oral Question
conveniences, emergency  Assignments
services, accommodation,  Supervised
storage, Plant area, offices Exercises
and access roads,  Practical Tests
o Materials: Procurement of
materials, documentation in
purchase of materials,
materials control and
reduction of waste.
o Site Safety: Causes of
accidents on site, cost of
accidents and prevention of
accidents, Recruitment

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procedures and
communication on site
 Resource mobilization
 Contract documents
 Legal requirements (construction
industry)

4. Construct the  Site clearance  Interview

wastewater  Setting out for construction  Oral Question
infrastructure works  Supervised
units  Tools and equipment for setting Exercises
out.  Practical Tests
 Procedure for setting out.  Assignments
 Interpretation of bill of quantities 
 Constructional details of onsite
sanitation facilities
 Construction plant and
equipment
 Construct:
 Septic Tanks
 Bio-Digesters
 Anaerobic Baffled Reactors
 Latrines- pit, VIP, Aqua privy
 Soak Pits
 Imhoff tank
 Progress Report
 As-built drawings
 Payment certificate
 Substantial completion certificate
 Completion certificate

Suggested Methods of Instruction

 Group discussions
 Demonstration by trainer
 Online videos
 Power point presentation
 Exercises by trainee

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Recommended Resources
 Scientific Calculators
 Relevant reference materials
 Stationeries
 GPS
 Design Software
 Computer lab
 Relevant practical materials
 Laboratories (chemical, biological & soils)
 Internet
 Construction equipment
 Surveying equipment store
 Timber workshop
 Plumbing and pipe fitting workshop
 Electromechanical workshop

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DESIGNING ONSITE SANITATION FACILITIES

UNIT CODE: CON/CU/CET/CR/11/6/A

Relationship to Occupational Standards

This unit addresses the unit of competency: Design Onsite Sanitation Facilities

Duration of Unit: 80 hours

Unit Description

This unit covers the competencies required to design onsite sanitation facilities. It
involves Collection and analysis of onsite sanitation design data, calculation of onsite
sanitation design parameters, drawing onsite sanitation units, designing shit flow diagram
and compilation of onsite sanitation design report
Summary of Learning Outcomes
1. Collect onsite sanitation design data
2. Analyse onsite sanitation design data
3. Calculate onsite sanitation design parameters
4. Draw onsite sanitation units
5. Design shit flow diagram
6. Compile onsite sanitation design report

Learning Outcomes, Content and Suggested Assessment Methods

Learning Outcome Content Suggested Assessment

Methods
1. Collect onsite  Area Mapping  Written Test
sanitation design  Data collection tools  Interview
data  Data collection process  Oral Question
 Need for wastewater disposal  Assignments
 Population  Supervised
 Legal framework Exercises
 Practical Tests
2. Analyze onsite  Arrangement of data and  Written Test
sanitation design information  Interview
data  Design software (excel)  Oral Question
 Presentation of design data  Assignments

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 Supervised
Exercises
 Practical Tests
3. Calculate onsite  Wastewater estimation  Written Test
sanitation design  Population projection  Interview
parameters  Design parameters  Oral Question
 Design tools  Assignments
 Design of Onsite facilities:  Supervised
o Design of septic tank Exercises
o Design of bio-digester  Practical Tests
o Design of anaerobic baffled
reactors
o Design of latrines
o Design of soak pits
o Eco-san toilets
o Imhoff tank
4. Draw onsite  Drawing tools, supplies and  Written Test
sanitation units materials  Interview
 Drawing of Onsite facilities:  Oral Question
 Septic Tank  Assignments
 Bio-Digester  Supervised
 Anaerobic Baffled Reactors Exercises
 Latrines  Practical Tests
 Soak Pits
 Eco-san Toilets
 Imhoff Tank
5. Design shit flow  Shit flow diagram design  Written Test
diagram  Fecal waste flow matrix  Interview
 Sanitation service chain  Oral Question
 Risks along the Sanitation  Assignments
Service Chain  Supervised
 Sanitation intervention measures Exercises
 Faecal sludge management  Practical projects
6. Compile onsite  Design report format  Written Test
sanitation design  Design report preparation  Interview
report  Design report submission  Oral Question
 Assignments

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 Supervised
Exercises
 Practical Tests

Suggested Methods of Instruction

 Group discussions
 Demonstration by trainer
 Online videos
 Power point presentation
 Exercises by trainee

Recommended Resources
 Scientific Calculators
 Relevant reference materials
 Stationeries
 GPS
 Design Software
 Computer lab
 Relevant practical materials
 Laboratories (chemical, biological & soils)
 Internet
 Surveying equipment
 Drawing room/workstation

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CONSTRUCTION OF ONSITE SANITATION FACILITIES

UNIT CODE: CON/CU/CET/CR/12/6/A

Relationship to Occupational Standards

This unit addresses the unit of competency: Construct Onsite Sanitation Facilities

Duration of Unit: 80 hours

Unit Description
This unit covers the competencies required to construct onsite sanitation facilities. It
involves Preparing construction schedule, organizing the construction site and
construction of the various onsite sanitation facilities

Summary of Learning Outcomes

1. Prepare construction schedule
2. Organize the construction Site
3. Construct the various onsite sanitation facilities

Learning Outcomes, Content and Suggested Assessment Methods

Learning Outcome Content Suggested Assessment

Methods
1. Prepare  Design of onsite sanitation  Written Test
construction facilities  Interview
schedule  Interpretation of Engineering  Oral Question
Drawings  Assignments
 Construction activities  Supervised
 Project planning and Exercises
management  Practical Tests

2. Organize the  Site clearance  Written Test

construction Site  Site layout  Interview
 Resource mobilization  Oral Question
 Contract documents  Assignments
 Legal requirements  Supervised
 Exercises

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 Practical Tests
3. Construct the  Interpretation of bill of quantities  Written Test
various onsite  Constructional details of onsite  Interview
sanitation sanitation facilities  Oral Question
facilities  Construction plant and  Assignments
equipment  Supervised
 Construct: Exercises
 Septic Tanks  Practical Tests
 Bio-Digesters
 Anaerobic Baffled Reactors
 Latrines- pit, VIP, Aqua privy
 Soak Pits
 Imhoff tank
 Progress Report
 As-built drawings
 Payment certificate
 Substantial completion certificate
 Completion certificate

Suggested Methods of Instruction

 Group discussions
 Demonstration by trainer
 Online videos
 Power point presentation
 Exercises by trainee

Recommended Resources
 Scientific Calculators
 Relevant reference materials
 Stationeries
 GPS
 Design Software
 Computer lab
 Relevant practical materials
 Laboratories (chemical, biological & soils)
 Internet
 Concrete laboratory
 Soil laboratory

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 Surveying equipment
 Construction plant
 Timber workshop
 Plumbing and pipe fitting workshop
 Electromechanical workshop

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CIVIL ENGINEERING PROJECT MANAGEMENT

UNIT CODE: CON/CU/CET/CR/13/6/A

Relationship to Occupational Standards

This unit addresses the unit of competency: Manage civil engineering projects

Duration of Unit: 120 hours

Unit Description
This unit describes the competencies required to manage civil engineering projects. It
involves managing project time, managing construction project quality, managing project
site safety, health and security, managing construction project cost, managing project
labour, managing project contracts and managing construction materials, plant, tools and
equipment.

Summary of Learning Outcomes

1 Manage project time
2 Manage construction project quality
3 Manage project site, safety, health and security
4 Manage construction project cost
5 Manage project labour
6 Manage project contracts
7 Manage construction materials, plant, tools and equipment

Learning Outcomes, Content and Suggested Assessment Methods

Learning Outcome Content Suggested Assessment

Methods
1. Manage project  Project definition  Written Test
time  Meaning of statutory bodies  Interview
 Types of statutory bodies and  Oral Question
their legal requirements  Assignments
 Types of project approvals  Supervised
 Project approvals procedures Exercises
 Functions of statutory approval  Practical Tests
documents
 Statutory approvals
 Definition of project work

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schedule
 Benefits of a work schedule in a
project
 Documents necessary in the
preparation of a work schedule
 Classification of project activities
 Inter-relationship of project
activities
 Definition of a time project time
programme
 Project work programming tools
 Process of allocating activity
timelines
 Importance of reviewing
previous similar jobs
 Primary sources of information
 Secondary sources of information
 Characteristics of the best
practices
 Project plans definition
 Types of project plans
 Definition of Bills of Quantity
(BQs)
 Roles of plans and BQs in a
project
 Procedure of developing project
plans and BQs
 Definition and importance of
monitoring
 Monitoring tools
 Analysis and evaluation
methodologies
 Identification and
implementation of control
measures Identification of project
time risk
 analysis of project time risk
(categories and ranking)

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 Mitigation of time risk (transfer,

avoidance, delegation)
 Monitoring project time risk
 Definition of client’s team
 Definition of time variation
 Time variation approval process
 Identification and
implementation of control
measures
 Time variation documentation
 Time variation report writing
 Identification of project
stakeholders
 Identification of project
expectations
 Importance of communicating
with project stakeholders
 Process of communicating with
project stakeholders’ feedback
2. Manage  Definition of quality  Written Test
construction  Code of professional conduct and  Interview
project quality ethics  Oral Question
 Importance of quality in a project  Assignments
 Contract documents  Supervised
 Project activities Exercises
 Site dynamics  Practical Tests
 Development of quality
checklists
 Elements of a project quality plan
 Characteristics of an effective
project quality plan
 Implementation methodologies
of a project quality plan
 Evaluation of project quality plan
 Definition of methodology in a
project
 Identification of project activities
 Identification of relationships

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among the activities

 Types of project methodologies
 Factors determining the choice of
a methodology
 Development of a project works
methodology plan
 Processes of implementing
project methodologies
 Evaluation of a project
methodology
 Definition of project resource
schedule
 Types of project resources
 Identification of project activities
 Identification of the activities’
resources requirements
 Project resource sources
 Development of a procurement
plan
 Implementation and review of a
procurement plan
 Warehousing and storage of the
project resources
 Definition and importance of a
project quality control plan
 Importance and methods of
project material testing
 Project plant and equipment
maintenance
 Project quality inspection tools
and methodology
 Work quality inspection
 Principles of work quality control
 Contract documents analysis
 Site information documentation
methods
 Features of a project quality
report

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 Report writing
3. Manage project  Code of professional conduct and  Written Test
site, safety, ethics  Interview
health and  Definition of Occupational  Oral Question
security Safety and Health  Assignments
 Legal frameworks (OSHA,  Supervised
County authority regulations, Exercises
NEMA, WARMA, NCA)  Practical Tests
 Environmental Management
Policies
 Identification of other sources of
health and safety policy
 Project risk analysis and
documentation
 Characteristics of a good health
and safety policy
 Formulation of occupational
safety and health guidelines
 Communication of health and
safety policy
 Regular review of the policy
 Definition of site safety and
health audits
 Importance of conducting site
health and safety inspections
 Site health and safety inspection
tools and methodologies
 Site health and safety inspection
stakeholders
 Evaluation of site safety and
health audits
 Report writing
 Sources and characteristics of
site security threats
 Process of project site security
risk analysis
 Elements of security provision
 External and internal sources of

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security services
 Security coordination meetings
 Project site security reports
4. Manage  Code of professional conduct and  Written Test
construction ethics  Interview
project cost  Definition of a budget  Oral Question
 Importance of a project budget  Assignments
 Analysis of contract documents  Supervised
 Identification of budget elements Exercises
 Cost risk analysis  Practical Tests
 Identification of project activities
 Preparation of resource schedules
 Estimating and pricing project
resources
 Budget preparation
 Project budget evaluation and
reporting
 Procurement laws and regulation
 Law of contract and tort
 Procurement methods (electronic
or manual)
 Material handling and wastage
management
 Warehousing and storage
 Material sampling and testing
 Material utilization plan
development and implementation
 Resource utilization monitoring
tools
 Project resource utilization report
 definition of cost variation
 sources of cost variations
 cost variation approval
procedures
 project cost variation
documentation
 cost variation control methods
 project cost variation report

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writing
 Project budget and cash flow
analysis
 Resource utilization analysis
 Variation and price fluctuations
analysis
 Features of a project financial
report
 Preparation of a project financial
report
5. Manage project  Code of professional conduct and  Written Test
labour ethics  Interview
 Definition of project human  Oral Question
resources  Assignments
 Identification of legislations  Supervised
affecting the management of Exercises
human resources (labour laws)  Practical Tests
 Types of human resource policies
 Sources of human resource
policies
 Characteristics of good human
resource policies
 Factors to consider when
formulating human resource
policies
 Development and documentation
of human resource policies
 Communication of human
resource policies
 Implementation and regular
review of human resource
policies
 Identification of Project activities
human resource requirements
 Human resource planning
process
 Regular review of the human
resource plan

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 Principles of management and

the associated theories
 Process of job analysis
 Implementation of the human
resource plan
 Placement and induction of
human resources
 Maintenance of human resources
 Motivation of human resources
(theories of motivation)
 Meaning of staff welfare
 Types of welfare facilities
 Factors to consider when
determining the welfare to offer
employees
 Group and individual welfare
facilities
 Implementation and review of
staff welfare
 Importance of keeping human
resource records
 Uses of human resource records
 Filing systems and methods
 Characteristics of a good filing
system
 Features of a human resource
management system (manual or
electronic)
 Security of records
 Confidentiality of information
 Retention policy
6. Manage project  Code of professional ethics and  Written Test
contracts conduct  Interview
 Identification of contract  Oral Question
documents and their functions  Assignments
 Laws and regulations governing  Supervised
construction industry (NEMA, Exercises
building codes, County Statutes,  Practical Tests

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NCA Act, WARMA Act, Labour

laws, land laws, property laws,
insurance laws)
 Approving bodies and
information centres
 Process of approval
 Development of a project
documentation register
 Updating project register
 Confidentiality of the
information in the register
 Security of the register
 Definition of project stakeholders
 Identification and classification
of stakeholders
 Roles of each stakeholder during
the life of the project
 Types of stakeholders’ contracts
 Stakeholders engagement plan
development and review
 Definition of a construction work
plan
 Development and
implementation of a construction
work plan
 Definition of project works
inspection plan
 Development and
implementation of a project
works plan
 Development and
implementation of project works
inspection tools and
methodologies
 Documentation and projects
work inspection report writing
 Project works control measures
 Identification of project contract

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elements
 Importance of managing project
information
 Sources of information
 Development of a project
contract information
management system
 Confidentiality of information
 Security of documents
 Professional ethics in handling
project information
 Analysis and uses of project
information
 Project information review
processes
 Methods of communicating the
information
 Definition and importance of a
project implementation report
 Elements in a project
implementation report
 Types of information included in
a project implementation report
 Methodologies of gathering
information and findings
 Report writing and review
7. Manage  Building materials, tools and  Written Test
construction equipment  Interview
materials,  clearing  Oral Question
plant, tools and  Levelling  Assignments
equipment  Erection of the facility  Supervised
 Types of building materials Exercises
 Standard material schedule  Practical Tests
 Standard material rates
 Types of equipment
 Standard equipment schedule
 Verification of documents
 Catalogues

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 Price lists
 Ordering
 Verification of materials
 Receiving
 Recording
 Issuing of materials
 Recording of issued materials
 Construction materials
 Testing methods
 Concrete technology

Suggested Methods of Instruction

 Group discussions
 Demonstration by trainer
 Online videos
 Power point presentation
 Exercises by trainee

Recommended Resources
 Scientific Calculators
 Relevant reference materials
 Stationeries
 GPS
 Design Software
 Computer lab
 Relevant practical materials
 Laboratories (chemical, biological & soils)
 Internet
 Manuals and guidelines
 Project management software
 Measuring and drawing tool
 Printer/plotting device
 Codes of practice
 Mechanical conventions

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