Multimedia Animation Origins and evolution of htm! HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is a markup language used to create web pages. It was first introduced in 1991 by Tim Berners-Lee, a British computer scientist who is credited with inventing the World Wide Web. The initial version of HTML, called HTML 1.0, was a simple markup language with only a few tags for formatting text and adding links. Over time, new versions of HTML were developed, adding new features and improving the language's capabilities. HTML 2.0 was released in 1995 and included support for tables and image maps. HTML 3.2 was released in 1997 and included support for frames, which allowed for more complex page layouts. HTML 4.0 was released in 1997 and included support for cascading style sheets (CSS) and scripting languages like JavaScript. In the early 2000s, XHTML (Extensible Hypertext Markup Language) was developed as a ‘successor to HTML. XHTML was designed to be a more modular and strict version of HTML, with stricter rules for syntax and formatting. However, XHTML never gained widespread adoption, and in 2014, the HTMLS specification was released as the latest version of HTML. HTMLS includes many new features and improvements, such as support for multimedia elements like audio and video, native support for responsive design, and improved support for accessibility. It also includes a number of APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) that allow web developers to create more interactive and dynamic web applications. Today, HTML remains an essential tool for web development, used by millions of developers around the world to create everything from simple web pages to complex web applications. Basic syntax of HTML HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the standard language used for creating web pages. Here is a basic example of HTML syntax:

1 define a Person object constructor function function Person(name, age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; } 1 define a method for the Person object Person.prototype.sayHello = function() { document getElementByld("output").innerHTML = "Hello, my name is * + this.name: ik // create a new instance of the Person object let person = new Person(*John", 30); 1! call the sayHello method person.sayHello(); Tejaswi S, Asst. Prof. Dept. of Computer Science, Seshadripuram Degree College, Mysuru In the above example, a ‘Person’ object constructor function is defined, which takes in a “name’ and ‘age’ parameter. A method “sayHello()’ is also defined for the ‘Person’ object using the prototype property. In the HTML, a ‘div’ element is defined with an ‘id’ of ‘output’. The JavaScript code creates a new instance of the ‘Person’ object with the name "John" and age 30, and then calls the *sayHello()’ method. The output of the method is displayed in the ‘div’ element using the ‘innerHTML’ property. This is just a simple example, but it illustrates how object-oriented programming can be used in conjunction with HTML and JavaScript to create dynamic and interactive web applications. General syntactic characteristics: - JavaScript code is usually written in script tags within an HTML document or in a separate Js file. - Statements in JavaScript are terminated with a semicolon (;), although it is not strictly necessary. - JavaScript is a case-sensitive language, so variables and function names must be written in the correct capitalization. Primitives, operations, and expressions: - JavaScript has six primitive data types: string, number, boolean, null, undefined, and symbol. - Operations in JavaScript include arithmetic (+, -, *,/, %), comparison (==, logical (&8, ||, !), and bitwise (& |, *, ~, <<, >>, >>>). - Expressions are combinations of variables, values, and operators that evaluate to a value. For example, 2 + 2 is an expression that evaluates to 4. Screen output and keyboard input: - JavaScript can output text to the screen using the console.log() function or by manipulating the HTML content of a web page. - Keyboard input can be obtained using the prompt() function, which displays a dialog box asking for user input, or by handling events such as key presses using event listeners. Introduction to Animation Definition : Animation refers to the process of creating the illusion of motion and change by displaying a sequence of static images that minimally differ from each other. These images, known as frames, are played in rapid succession, creating the perception of motion. Animation can be used in a variety of contexts, from entertainment to education and advertising Tejaswi S, Asst. Prof. Dept. of Computer Science, Seshadripuram Degree College, MysuruThe Start and End States, Interpolation In animation, the start state is the initial pose or image, while the end state is the final pose or image. The transition between these two states is achieved through a series of intermediate frames that are created using a process called interpolation. Interpolation involves creating new frames that blend the characteristics of the start and end states, creating a smooth transition between the two. ‘The start and end states In CSS animation, the start and end states refer to the initial and final styles of an element that are being animated, To create an animation in CSS, you need to define the start state and the end state of the element. The start state is the initial style of the element before the animation begins, while the end state is the final style of the element after the animation completes. The start state and end state can be defined using CSS properties, and they can be the same or different depending on the desired effect. For example, if you want to animate the background color of a button from red to blue, the start state would be the button with a red background color, and the end state would be the button with a blue background color. Here's an example of how to define the start and end states of an animation in CSS: ess button { background-color: red; /* Start state */ transition: background-color 1s ease; /* Property to animate and duration */ } button:hover { background-color: blue; /* End state */ + In this example, the start state of the button is a red background color, and the end state is a blue background color when the user hovers over the button. The ‘transition’ property specifies the "background-color’ property to animate and the duration of the animation, which is 1 second in this case. When the user hovers over the button, the background color smoothly transitions from the start state (red) to the end state (blue) over the duration of 1 second with an ease timing function. Note that there are other ways to define animations in CSS, such as using ‘@keyframes’ rules and the ‘animation’ property. The approach you choose depends on the specific animation effect you want to achieve. Tejaswi S, Asst. Prof. Dept. of Computer Science, Seshadripuram Degree College, MysuruInterpolation Interpolation in CSS refers to the process of smoothly transitioning between two or more CSS property values over a specified duration using keyframes and animation properties. To create an animation with interpolation in CSS, you need to define the start and end states of an element using CSS properties. Then, you use keyframes to define intermediate states of the animation, specifying the CSS properties for each state. Finally, you use the animation’ property to apply the animation to the element, specifying the duration, timing function, delay, and other properties. For example, let's say you want to create an animation that smoothly changes the color of a button from red to blue. You can define the start state with the button having a red background color using the "background-color" property: css button { background-color: red; Then, you can define the end state with the button having a blue background color: oss button { background-color: blue: } To animate the button between these two states, you can use keyframes to define the intermediate states of the animation. In this case, we'll use two keyframes, one at the start of the animation (0%) and one at the end of the animation (100%): ira @keyframes colorChange { 0%{ background-color: red; } 100% { background-color: blue; + } Finally, you can apply the animation to the button using the ‘animation’ property, specifying the duration, timing function, delay, and other properties: “css Tejaswi S, Asst. Prof. Dept. of Computer Science, Seshadripuram Degree College, Mysurubutton { animation-name: colorChange; animation-duration: 2s; animation-timing-function: ease-in-out; animation-delay: 18; iteration-count: infinite: This will create an animation that smoothly changes the color of the button from red to blue over a duration of 2 seconds, with an ease-in-out timing function, a 1 second delay before starting the animation, and infinite iteration count. Animations in HTML ‘Animations can be created using various tools, from traditional hand-drawn animation to digital software like Adobe Animate, Toon Boom, and Blender. With the advent of HTML5, web developers can also create animations using web technologies like CSS, SVG, and JavaScript. HTML provides several ways to create animations, including CSS transitions and animations, SVG animations, and JavaScript-based animations. CSS transitions and animations allow you to specify the properties that should change over time, and the duration and timing of the animation. SVG animations enable you to animate SVG elements and attributes, while JavaScript-based animations offer greater control over the animation process and can be used to create complex animations and interactions. To create animations in HTML, you can use CSS or JavaScript. Here are some ways to create animations using both methods: 1. CSS Animations: CSS animations allow you to create animations using only CSS code. You can define the animation properties such as duration, timing function, and keyframes. Here is an example of a CSS animation: “html