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Complete_Python_Concepts_and_Examples

The document provides a comprehensive overview of Python basics, covering topics such as membership operators, complex numbers, data types, and key features of Python. It also discusses Python applications in web development, data science, and machine learning, along with installation steps for Python and Anaconda. Additionally, it includes examples of various operations, data structures, and functions in Python.

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byjuslearn874
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2 views

Complete_Python_Concepts_and_Examples

The document provides a comprehensive overview of Python basics, covering topics such as membership operators, complex numbers, data types, and key features of Python. It also discusses Python applications in web development, data science, and machine learning, along with installation steps for Python and Anaconda. Additionally, it includes examples of various operations, data structures, and functions in Python.

Uploaded by

byjuslearn874
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python Basics Summary

1. Membership Operator

fruits = ['apple', 'banana']

print('banana' in fruits) # True

2. Complex Number

z = 3 + 4j

print(z.real, z.imag)

3. Arithmetic vs Relational Operators

# Arithmetic

print(5 + 2, 5 - 2, 5 * 2, 5 / 2)

# Relational

print(5 > 2, 5 == 2, 5 != 2)

4. Data Types & Conversions

a=5

b = float(a) # 5.0

c = str(a) # '5'

5. Python Applications

- Web: Flask, Django

- Data Science: pandas, numpy

- ML: scikit-learn

- Automation: scripts

6. Identity vs Membership vs Logical

x = [1, 2]

y=x
Python Basics Summary

print(x is y) # Identity

print(2 in x) # Membership

print(1 in x and 3 in x) # Logical

7. Python Applications

- Web apps

- Data analysis

8. What is Anaconda?

A Python distribution for data science. Comes with Jupyter, Spyder, etc.

9. Numeric Types

from fractions import Fraction

a=5 # int

b = 2.5 # float

c = 2 + 3j # complex

d = Fraction(1, 3) # fraction

10. Key Features of Python

- Easy syntax

- Portable

- Large libraries

- Used in web, data science, ML

11. Installation Steps

1. Python: Download from python.org, install.

2. Anaconda: Download from anaconda.com, install.

3. Spyder: Open from Anaconda Navigator.


Python Basics Summary

12. Variables & Data Types

name = "Alice"

age = 25

print(type(name), type(age))

13. Spyder vs Other IDEs

- Scientific tools built-in

- Targeted for data science

14. Define Variable

x = 10

name = "John"

15. What is Python?

A high-level, readable language used for web, ML, data science.

16. Data Types Examples

x = 10 # int

y = 3.14 # float

s = "Hi" # str

l = [1, 2] # list

d = {"a": 1} # dict

17. Basic Operators

- Arithmetic: + - * / % // **

- Relational: == != > <

- Logical: and or not

- Membership: in, not in

- Identity: is, is not


Python Basics Summary

18. Numeric Types & Use

from decimal import Decimal

print(100) # int

print(3.14) # float

print(2 + 3j) # complex

print(Decimal('0.1')) # precise calc

1. Output of capitalize()

s = "123hello WORLD"

res = s.capitalize()

print(res)

# Output: "123hello world" (first letter capital, rest lowercase)

2. Output of addToList()

def addToList(a):

a += [10]

b = [10, 20, 30, 40]

addToList(b)

print(len(b))

# Output: 5 (list is modified in-place)

3. Sets: Advantages & Disadvantages

- Advantages:

* No duplicates

* Fast membership testing

* Useful for mathematical operations

- Disadvantages:

* Unordered

* Can't access items by index


Python Basics Summary

4. Bitwise Operation Code

# Check EVEN/ODD

n=5

if n & 1:

print('Odd')

else:

print('Even')

# Swap using XOR

a, b = 3, 4

a ^= b

b ^= a

a ^= b

print(a, b)

5. Symmetrical or Palindrome Check

# Slicing Method

s = 'madam'

print(s == s[::-1]) # Palindrome

# Naïve Method

for i in range(len(s)//2):

if s[i] != s[-(i+1)]:

print('Not Palindrome')

break

else:

print('Palindrome')

6. Casting a Variable

a = '5'
Python Basics Summary

b = int(a) # Now b is 5 (int)

7. Output of dict with duplicate keys

d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'a': 3}

print(d)

# Output: {'a': 3, 'b': 2}

8. input() vs print()

- input(): Takes input from user

- print(): Displays output to user

9. String Checks

# a) Starts with vowel

s = 'apple'

print(s[0].lower() in 'aeiou')

# b) Contains word

word = 'world'

print('world' in 'Hello world')

10. List Method Differences

- append(): Adds one item

- extend(): Adds multiple items

- pop(): Removes by index

- remove(): Removes by value

- count(): Frequency

- index(): First index of value

11. Boolean Operators

a, b = True, False
Python Basics Summary

print(a or b) # True

print(a and b) # False

print(not a) # False

12. Type Casting

x = '123'

y = int(x) # y becomes 123

13. Duplicate of Q1

Same as Q1. Output: "123hello world"

14. type() Function

x = 10

print(type(x)) # <class 'int'>

15. List vs Tuple vs Set

- List: [1, 2], mutable

- Tuple: (1, 2), immutable

- Set: {1, 2}, unordered, unique

16. List Slicing

s = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

print(s[::-1]) # [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]

print(s[::2]) # [1, 3, 5]

print(s[::2][::-1]) # [5, 3, 1]

print(s[4:0:-1]) # [5, 4, 3, 2]

17. String vs List (Mutability)

s = 'hello'
Python Basics Summary

# s[0] = 'H' => Error (immutable)

l = ['h', 'e', 'l']

l[0] = 'H' # Works

18. Count Vowels and Consonants

s = 'Hello World'

v, c = 0, 0

for ch in s.lower():

if ch.isalpha():

if ch in 'aeiou':

v += 1

else:

c += 1

print('Vowels:', v, 'Consonants:', c)

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