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Operating_System_Detailed_Notes_with_Diagrams (5)

An Operating System (OS) is essential system software that manages computer hardware and software resources, facilitating user interaction and task execution. It performs functions such as file organization, CPU task assignment, memory management, resource allocation, device control, and security. Various types of OS include single-user, multi-tasking, and real-time systems, with user interfaces categorized into character user interfaces (CUI) and graphical user interfaces (GUI).

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8 views

Operating_System_Detailed_Notes_with_Diagrams (5)

An Operating System (OS) is essential system software that manages computer hardware and software resources, facilitating user interaction and task execution. It performs functions such as file organization, CPU task assignment, memory management, resource allocation, device control, and security. Various types of OS include single-user, multi-tasking, and real-time systems, with user interfaces categorized into character user interfaces (CUI) and graphical user interfaces (GUI).

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binduann
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Operating System - Detailed Notes

1. What is an Operating System?


An Operating System (OS) is system software that acts as an intermediary between the user
and the computer hardware. It manages computer hardware and software resources and
provides common services for computer programs. Popular examples include Windows,
macOS, and Linux.

2. Why Do We Need an Operating System?


Without an OS, a computer cannot function. The OS coordinates the activities of both
software and hardware, facilitates communication, and ensures the smooth execution of
tasks.

3. Functions of an Operating System


Function Description

Arranging Files and Folders Organizes and manages data stored on the
hard disk. Tracks file creation, copying, and
modification.

Assigning Tasks to the CPU Allocates and manages tasks to the CPU
based on user instructions.

Managing Memory Handles memory allocation and


deallocation for various processes.

Managing Resources Monitors and allocates hardware and


software resources as needed.

Managing Devices Controls all input/output devices and


processes their instructions.

Security Provides built-in security to protect data


against unauthorized access.

4. Types of Operating Systems


Common Types:

 Single-User OS: Allows only one user at a time. Example: DOS.


 Multiprocessing OS: Uses multiple CPUs for faster processing. Example: UNIX.
 Multi-Tasking OS: Executes multiple tasks simultaneously. Example: Windows 10.
 Multi-User OS: Allows multiple users to access the computer simultaneously. Example:
Linux.
 Real-Time OS: Performs tasks within a defined time. Used in robotics, industrial
machines.

5. What is a User Interface?


A User Interface (UI) allows users to interact with the computer system. It helps issue
commands and receive outputs.

Character User Interface (CUI)


A text-based interface that requires command inputs. Also called CLI. Examples: DOS,
Windows CMD.

 Advantages of CUI:
 Easy to understand.
 Displays text output.
 Allows text command input.
 Disadvantages of CUI:
 Hard to remember commands.
 Not user-friendly.

Graphical User Interface (GUI)


Uses icons, buttons, menus, and windows to interact. Users can click instead of typing
commands. Examples: Windows, macOS.
Diagrams

Architecture of an Operating System


Functioning of Operating System
Character User Interface (CUI)
Graphical User Interface (GUI)

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