CHAPTER 8: Introduction to SCADA and

industrial network
1. SCADA overview 5. Industrial computer
2. SCADA structure. 6. DAQ card
3. Components of the SCADA system 7. Communication standards
4. PLC 8. Guide STEP 7 and Wincc

Bộ môn Cơ điện tử 1
What is SCADA?

Supervisory Control & Data

Acquisition
Communication
Technology
 Which Network Do I Use?

Modbus
•Seriplex FAQ Interbus S
•CAN FAQ Modbus Plus
•Interbus S FAQ
•IBS club ASI
Profibus
•WorldFIP
•LON works
•Modbus
Echelon
CAN
•Fieldbus compare
•Honeywell
Ethernet
•Control competition
Device Net
Seriplex SDS
What is a Network ?

A group of devices physically connected together for the purpose of sharing information, resources
and a common transmission medium.
Why do you need a network?

 Control the flow of information

 security, accessibility, data control
 Centralize resources
 save cost on local work stations and peripherals
 Simplify data / software management
 Backups, IS maintenance
 Share information with multiple users
 Distribute tasks
 reduce local need CPU power
What makes a network work ?

Computers, printers …...

Network interface cards
Network adapter Software drivers
Network Cabling
Network protocols
The Basic Types of Networks

Master / Slave
(Similar to the teacher- student relationship)

Peer to Peer
(Similar to the workgroup concept)

Client / Server
(Similar to an automated teller transaction)
Master / Slave Network

Central Control and Administration

Central Processing of Information
Polling of Stations
Master

Slave Slave Slave

Peer To Peer Network

 Distributed Administration
 Independent Processing of Information
 Shared Transmission Medium
Client / Server Network

 Central Network Administrator

 Controlled Flow of Information
 Independent Processing of Information
 Shared Transmission Medium
Various Transmission Mediums

Jacket of PVC or Teflon

 Coaxial Cable
Jacket made of PVC or Teflon

 Twisted Pair

 Optical Fiber

 Wireless
Basic Physical Topologies

 Bus Topology
 Star Topology
 Ring Topology
 Free Topology
 Hybrid Topology
Bus Architecture Topology

 Single Channel - Broadcast oriented

 More delicate to maintain signal integrity based on cable
selection, distance and drops/taps
Star Architecture Topology

 Central Hub
 multi-port repeater
• Loose star = lost network
 channel selecting switch
Ring Architecture Topology

 Each device is a repeater

 Loose node= broken ring

Token Ring
Free Topology

 Devices are wired in any combination of topologies

 Usually requires one terminator

Star
.
term
Loop
Bus
Hybrid Architecture Topology

 Non-rooted Tree Architecture (ex.- Internet)

X25
Phone System
Network Extenders

Repeater and Hub

 Repeater and Hub
 Bridge
 Router
Bridge
 Gateway

Gateway Router
Logical Terminology & Topologies

Node
 Node
 Segment / Channel
 Subnet Segment Segment

 Network Bridge
 Domain
 System Subnet Subnet
Router

Network A

Gateway Router

Network B
Domain A Domain B
A Node

 A collection of SW objects that communicate over a network

based upon a single hardware ID.
 A physical device may contain one or more nodes
 Example - a router

Node

Node ID
Parameters
Data
Segment / Channel

 One or more nodes electrically connected to a continuous section of a transmission media

 May include the trunk line, drop line, multi-port taps and other cable components.

Segment

Node Node Node Node Node Node

Subnetwork (Subnet)

 One or more nodes sharing a common protocol

and a media access arbitration method
 May contain multiple segments
Subnet
Segment

Segment
Segment
Network

 One or more subnets using a common network level protocol

where each hardware ID is unique on the network
 May contain multiple subnets

Network
Domain

 One or more networks where each network has a unique ID

within the domain
 May contain a variety of network types connected together
with gateways and routers

Network
Domain Network

Network Network
Gateway Router
System

 One or more Domains

Domain
System

Domain

Domain
Basic Media Access Control Methods

Time Division Access

Polled Access
Token Access
Carrier Sense Multiple Access

How will they share the common media ?

NODE #2 NODE #12 NODE #10 NODE #5

Token
Time Division Access

 Utilizes a master clock

 Each device is assigned a slice of time
Polled Access

 Utilizes one device as a master

 Other devices a considered slave devices
 The master requests information from each slave
 The slave responds to the request
Request Frame
Trailer Output Data Header

DP-Slave
immediate
Master

response

Slave
Header Input Data Trailer
Response Frame
Token Access

 Every device is considered equal

 A token is used to administer access rights
 The token is passed logically among the devices
 Requests are initialized when a device possess the token

Messag Message Message Message

Token Token Token Token Token
e
Token Token
Message Message
NODE #2 NODE #12 NODE #10 NODE #5
Token Token
Carrier Sense Multiple Access

 No priority is assigned to the devices

 All the devices contend for access
 Messages are only sent if the shared media is not in use

Message Message Message Message Message

Message Message Message Message

NODE #2 NODE #12 NODE #10 NODE #5
 Automation & Control System Hierarchy
 Automation and control systems can incorporate them all
Sensor / Actuator Bus

 Sensor Actuator Buses are bit level oriented

Sensor / Actuator Bus

ASi Seriplex LONworks

Speed 5ms 0.7ms 16-100 ms

Nodes 31 nodes 64 nodes 64 nodes
31 510 32385
Distance 100m 1500m 500m
Message Size 4 bits 1 bit 228 bytes
Node Cost Low Low High
Installed Cost Low Low High
Physical Size Small Small Large
 ASI Communication Network
 Master - Slave Network – polled media access method
 Utilizes a special 2 conductor cable for data and power
 Data size - 4 bits
 31 maximum slave devices on the bus
ASi power supply Controller
24 V DC
Network Interface Module

Distribution Module

Valves Pilot Actuators

Lights
I/O Module

Push
Buttons
Seriplex Communication Network

 Master - slave or peer to peer network type

 Time division media access control - 100kHz clock
 Special 4 conductor cable - clock, power, data, common
 Clock pulse number equals address

24 VDC power
supply Controller / Network Interface Module

Valves Push Pilot Actuators

Buttons Lights
 LONWorks Communication Network

 Free topology and highly flexible  Slower cycle times

 Large number of nodes 32000/domain

Programmable Computer
Controller

MODICON MODICON

I/O Modules

Photo Sensor
Lighting Assemblies Switch
Device / Field Bus

 Device Buses incorporate intelligent devices

Device / Field Bus

Interbus S Device Net Profibus-DP

(CAN)

Speed 4 ms 10-52 ms 10 ms
Nodes 256 nodes 64 nodes 32 nodes
Max nodes N/A 64 32
Distance 13km 250m 1200m
Message Size 8 bytes 246 bytes
Node Cost Medium Medium Medium
Installed Cost Low High High
Physical Size Medium Medium Large
 Interbus Network

 Many third party suppliers  Loss of device or connection disables complete

 Large physical topology 12km system
 Price competitive

PC based Operator
Quantum Controller Control Station Compact 984
I/O Modules

BDEA 202
NOA 611 Interface
Interface

Third Party Products

T/C, RTD, Servo, Barcode, RF Tag
Terminal I/O Modules
InterBus-S  Weak points
• Low performance message
 Strong points handling
 High performance I/O – Adapted to parameter
exchanges, deterministic setting only. 1 to 8 words
protocol per device and per bus
cycle
• Approx. 7 ms for 128 – No slave to slave
devices with 32 I/O communication
(2048 input bits, 2048
output bits) • No diffusion (variable or
• Built-in reflex message handling)
functions
• One level of priority for cyclic
 Standardized profiles , variables
interoperability, unique
installation tool : CMD • No downgrade mode
tool, product catalogue – The bus stops in the event
of a fault on the device
– When the bus restarts,
 Different physical layers the following devices
(loop sensor ) cannot be accessed

 Activation / deactivation • DIN standard

segment – Similar to Phoenix Contact
strategy (components,
policies, etc)
 Fault localization
DeviceNet Communication Network

 Limited physical topology

500m

Controller / Network Interface

24 VDC power
supply

MODICON

Valves I/O Module Push I/O Module Actuators Drives

Buttons
 ProfiBus DP Network

 Large physical topology 24km (fiber)  Difficult to configure and maintain; needs multiple
software pieces

Controller / Network Computer / Network Controller / Network

Interface Module Interface Module Interface Module

up to 1200m distance

Direct connection
to third party products

Terminal I/O Modules

Control Networks

 Control Networks require critical performance

Control Networks

Modbus Plus FIPWAY

Speed 20k reg/sec 10-80 ms
Nodes 64 32
Distance 13km 1000m
Message Size 100 registers 128 bytes
Node Cost Medium Medium
Installed Cost Low High
Physical Size Medium Large
 Modbus Plus Network

Operator Control
Station
Quantum Controller 984 Controller
Compact 984
Controller

ModConnect

Third Party
Products
Terminal I/O Modules
 Modbus Plus excellent performance

 Predictable
performance
Network Throughput
 As fast as
Reg/Sec per Node
hardwired I/O 10000
 Typical token
8000
rotation time of 2
milliseconds per 6000
node 4000
 Maximum network
2000
throughput of
20,000 registers/Sec 0
2 4 10 20 30
Nodes

Bộ môn Cơ điện tử Bich Le

Data Networks

 Data Networks extend the information capabilities

Data Networks

Ethernet

Nodes 8 - 24 nodes/hub
Max Nodes Unlimited
Distance 100 m (node to hub)
Message Size Unlimited
Node Cost Low
Installed Cost Depends on Extent of
Physical Size Network
World Wide
Ethernet Data Network

Laptop Hub
10Base-T
Offices
Ethernet Backbone

Hub
Plant
Floor
10Base-T
Quantum Quantum
Ethernet Ethernet
Important Application Information

Number of nodes (I/O points) required.

Distance between I/O points.
Overall network distance.
Data throughput required.
Preferred PLC Controllers being utilized
Bit level traffic quantity
Word level traffic quantity
Preferred Media (coax, fiber, twisted pair,…..)
Maintenance preferences
Greenfield installation
Installed base
Preferred vender list
Practice #21 HMI design for traffic light system

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