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IoT Unit I Notes

The document provides an overview of the Internet of Things (IoT), defining it as a network of interconnected devices that communicate and exchange data autonomously. It outlines the characteristics, architectures, components, and enablers of IoT, as well as its applications across various sectors such as smart homes and healthcare. Additionally, it distinguishes IoT from related concepts like M2M and WoT, and discusses network configurations and basic microcontrollers used in IoT systems.

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9 views4 pages

IoT Unit I Notes

The document provides an overview of the Internet of Things (IoT), defining it as a network of interconnected devices that communicate and exchange data autonomously. It outlines the characteristics, architectures, components, and enablers of IoT, as well as its applications across various sectors such as smart homes and healthcare. Additionally, it distinguishes IoT from related concepts like M2M and WoT, and discusses network configurations and basic microcontrollers used in IoT systems.

Uploaded by

jabirshahstar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit I - Internet of Things (IoT)

1. IoT Definition:

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of interconnected physical devices that collect and

exchange data using embedded sensors, software, and other technologies. These devices are

capable of communicating without human interaction.

2. Characteristics of IoT:

- Connectivity: Seamless communication between devices.

- Things: Devices or objects that can be uniquely identified.

- Data: Collected in real time and analyzed.

- Intelligence: Through data processing and AI.

- Action: Devices can act based on the collected data.

- Energy Efficiency: Devices often operate on limited power.

3. IoT Conceptual and Architectural Framework:

Three-layer Architecture:

1. Perception Layer: Sensors, actuators - data collection.

2. Network Layer: Transmits data - Wi-Fi, 4G, etc.

3. Application Layer: Interacts with users - smart homes, healthcare.

Five-layer Architecture:

1. Perception Layer

2. Network Layer

3. Middleware Layer: Processing and storage.

4. Application Layer

5. Business Layer: Decision making, business logic.


4. Components of IoT Ecosystem:

- Devices/Sensors

- Connectivity (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.)

- Data Processing

- User Interface (Mobile app, dashboard)

- Cloud and Data Storage

- Security systems

5. Physical and Logical Design of IoT:

Physical Design: Actual devices and hardware components (sensors, actuators, controllers).

Logical Design: Abstract representation - protocols, data flow, services.

6. IoT Enablers:

- Hardware: Sensors, actuators.

- Software: Operating systems, middleware.

- Communication Technologies: 5G, Wi-Fi, ZigBee.

- Cloud Platforms: AWS IoT, Google Cloud IoT.

- Data Analytics: AI, ML for insights.

7. Modern-day IoT Applications:

- Smart Homes

- Healthcare

- Agriculture

- Smart Cities

- Industrial IoT (IIoT)


8. M2M Communications (Machine to Machine):

Direct communication between devices without human involvement.

9. IoT vs M2M:

IoT: Broader, internet-based, highly scalable.

M2M: Device-to-device, limited scalability.

10. IoT vs WoT (Web of Things):

IoT: Connecting physical objects.

WoT: Using web protocols to integrate IoT devices into the web.

11. IoT Reference Architecture:

Standard framework with layers: Sensing, Network, Service and Application Support, Applications

and Business Processes.

12. IoT Network Configurations:

- Star Topology

- Mesh Topology

- Tree Topology

13. IoT LAN & WAN:

LAN: Short range (e.g., Smart Home).

WAN: Long range (e.g., Smart Cities).

14. IoT Node:

A device that collects, sends, and receives data.


15. IoT Gateway:

Bridge between IoT devices and the cloud/internet.

16. IoT Proxy:

Software/device handling requests between client and server.

17. Basic Microcontrollers and Interfacing:

Common Microcontrollers: Arduino UNO, Raspberry Pi, ESP8266/ESP32.

Interfacing: Connecting to sensors, actuators, and modules.

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