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Week 1

This document provides an overview of the fundamentals of Git, a version control system used in software development. It covers key concepts such as repositories, basic commands, staging and committing changes, branching and merging, and managing remote repositories. Additionally, it includes best practices for using Git effectively, such as committing often and using branches for organization.

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3 views2 pages

Week 1

This document provides an overview of the fundamentals of Git, a version control system used in software development. It covers key concepts such as repositories, basic commands, staging and committing changes, branching and merging, and managing remote repositories. Additionally, it includes best practices for using Git effectively, such as committing often and using branches for organization.

Uploaded by

roohini98
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Week-1

Fundamentals of Git
Git is a powerful version control system widely used in software development for tracking
changes in source code during development. Here’s a rundown of the fundamental concepts and
commands you should be familiar with:
1. Repositories
• Repository (Repo): A Git repository is a directory that contains your project files and a
.git subdirectory with all the version history and metadata.
2. Basic Commands
• git init: Initializes a new Git repository in the current directory. This creates a .git
directory that stores all version control data.
• git clone <url>: Clones an existing repository from a remote server to your local
machine.
3. Staging and Committing
• git add <file>: Stages changes in the specified file(s) for the next commit. You can use
git add . to stage all changes.
• git commit -m "message": Commits the staged changes to the repository with a
descriptive message.
4. Branching and Merging
• git branch: Lists all branches in the repository. With git branch <branch-name>, you can
create a new branch.
• git checkout <branch-name>: Switches to the specified branch.
• git merge <branch-name>: Merges the specified branch into the current branch.
5. Remote Repositories
• git remote -v: Lists the remote repositories associated with your local repository.
• git fetch: Fetches updates from a remote repository but does not merge them.
• git pull: Fetches and merges updates from a remote repository into your current branch.
• git push: Pushes your local commits to a remote repository.
6. Viewing Changes
• git status: Shows the current status of your working directory and staging area.
• git diff: Shows the differences between the working directory and the index (staging
area). You can also compare different branches or commits.
7. Undoing Changes
• git reset: Moves the HEAD pointer to a previous commit and optionally updates the
index and working directory.
• git revert <commit>: Creates a new commit that undoes the changes of a specified
commit, preserving history.
8. Logs and History
• git log: Shows the commit history for the current branch. You can use various flags to
format the output.
9. Tagging
• git tag <tag-name>: Creates a tag at the current commit. Tags are useful for marking
release points.
10. Configuration
• git config --global user.name "Your Name": Sets the name for commits.
• git config --global user.email "[email protected]": Sets the email for
commits.
Best Practices
• Commit Often: Make frequent, small commits with meaningful messages.
• Use Branches: Keep different features or fixes in separate branches to keep your work
organized.
• Pull Before You Push: Always pull the latest changes from the remote repository before
pushing your own changes to avoid conflicts.

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